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=== Croatia ===
=== Croatia ===
Temperatures reached {{cvt|40|C}} by 13 July, sparking a significant wildfire near [[Sibenik]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2023 |title=Cerberus heatwave fans out to Balkans |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/cerberus-heatwave-fans-out-balkans-2023-07-13/}}</ref>
Temperatures reached {{cvt|40|C}} by 13 July, sparking a significant wildfire near [[Šibenik]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2023 |title=Cerberus heatwave fans out to Balkans |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/cerberus-heatwave-fans-out-balkans-2023-07-13/}}</ref>


{{see also|#Storms}}
=== Cyprus ===
=== Cyprus ===
Temperatures in [[Cyprus]] neared {{cvt|45|C}} inland during the heatwave, with even elevated mountainous areas such as the [[Troodos Mountains|Troodos]] region reaching a record-breaking {{cvt|36|C}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eastern Mediterranean: High temperatures forecast to persist across Cyprus and parts of the Middle East through at least July 17 |url=https://crisis24.garda.com/alerts/2023/07/eastern-mediterranean-high-temperatures-forecast-to-persist-across-cyprus-and-parts-of-the-middle-east-through-at-least-july-17 |website=Crisis24}}</ref> Government officials issued heat warnings and set up "heat shelters" in various cities.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 July 2023 |title=Heatwave set to sizzle Cyprus (Updated) |work=Cyprus Mail |url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2023/07/12/heatwave-set-to-sizzle-cyprus/}}</ref>
Temperatures in [[Cyprus]] neared {{cvt|45|C}} inland during the heatwave, with even elevated mountainous areas such as the [[Troodos Mountains|Troodos]] region reaching a record-breaking {{cvt|36|C}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eastern Mediterranean: High temperatures forecast to persist across Cyprus and parts of the Middle East through at least July 17 |url=https://crisis24.garda.com/alerts/2023/07/eastern-mediterranean-high-temperatures-forecast-to-persist-across-cyprus-and-parts-of-the-middle-east-through-at-least-july-17 |website=Crisis24}}</ref> Government officials issued heat warnings and set up "heat shelters" in various cities.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 July 2023 |title=Heatwave set to sizzle Cyprus (Updated) |work=Cyprus Mail |url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2023/07/12/heatwave-set-to-sizzle-cyprus/}}</ref>
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The third heat wave began on 15 July, and temperatures between {{cvt|31|C}} and {{cvt|34|C}} were predicted for much of Slovenia on the following day, with the possibility of reaching as high as {{cvt|36|C}} over a period of two days, especially in the south-east.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 July 2023 |title=Vrhunec vročine danes in v ponedeljek, do 36 stopinj. V sredo ali četrtek spet neurja. |language=sl |publisher=MMC RTV Slovenija |url=https://www.rtvslo.si/okolje/vrhunec-vrocine-danes-in-v-ponedeljek-do-36-stopinj-v-sredo-ali-cetrtek-spet-neurja/675220 |access-date=16 July 2023 |archive-date=18 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718030136/https://www.rtvslo.si/okolje/vrhunec-vrocine-do-36-stopinj-v-sredo-ali-cetrtek-spet-neurja/675220 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 17 July, a temperature of {{cvt|37.2|C}} was recorded at the ARSO station in Dobliče and became the highest officially recorded temperature in Slovenia in 2023, in addition to several other ARSO stations reporting temperatures above {{cvt|34|C}} and the one in [[Metlika]] recording a temperature of {{cvt|36.1|C}}.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 July 2023 |title=Marsikje po nižinah se je danes ogrelo nad 34 °C 🌡: Dobliče 37,2 (letošnji rekord za Slovenijo) Metlika 36,1 [...] |language=sl |publisher=Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/meteoSI/status/1680959353040384001 |access-date=18 July 2023 }}</ref>
The third heat wave began on 15 July, and temperatures between {{cvt|31|C}} and {{cvt|34|C}} were predicted for much of Slovenia on the following day, with the possibility of reaching as high as {{cvt|36|C}} over a period of two days, especially in the south-east.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 July 2023 |title=Vrhunec vročine danes in v ponedeljek, do 36 stopinj. V sredo ali četrtek spet neurja. |language=sl |publisher=MMC RTV Slovenija |url=https://www.rtvslo.si/okolje/vrhunec-vrocine-danes-in-v-ponedeljek-do-36-stopinj-v-sredo-ali-cetrtek-spet-neurja/675220 |access-date=16 July 2023 |archive-date=18 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718030136/https://www.rtvslo.si/okolje/vrhunec-vrocine-do-36-stopinj-v-sredo-ali-cetrtek-spet-neurja/675220 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 17 July, a temperature of {{cvt|37.2|C}} was recorded at the ARSO station in Dobliče and became the highest officially recorded temperature in Slovenia in 2023, in addition to several other ARSO stations reporting temperatures above {{cvt|34|C}} and the one in [[Metlika]] recording a temperature of {{cvt|36.1|C}}.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 July 2023 |title=Marsikje po nižinah se je danes ogrelo nad 34 °C 🌡: Dobliče 37,2 (letošnji rekord za Slovenijo) Metlika 36,1 [...] |language=sl |publisher=Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/meteoSI/status/1680959353040384001 |access-date=18 July 2023 }}</ref>
{{see also|#Storms}}

=== Spain ===
=== Spain ===
[[Spain]] experienced the hottest April on record, with temperatures up to {{Cvt|39|C}} recorded that month.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=Sam |date=2023-04-27 |title=Spain braced for record April temperature of 39C as extreme heat causes misery |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/27/spain-braced-for-record-april-temperature-of-39c-as-heatwave-causes-misery |access-date=2023-06-15 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=2023-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615221813/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/27/spain-braced-for-record-april-temperature-of-39c-as-heatwave-causes-misery |url-status=live }}</ref> Agriculture was heavily disrupted.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carrington |first=Damian |date=2023-05-05 |title=April Mediterranean heatwave ‘almost impossible’ without climate crisis |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/05/april-mediterranean-heatwave-almost-impossible-without-climate-crisis |access-date=2023-06-15 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=2023-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614202641/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/05/april-mediterranean-heatwave-almost-impossible-without-climate-crisis |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Spain]] experienced the hottest April on record, with temperatures up to {{Cvt|39|C}} recorded that month.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=Sam |date=2023-04-27 |title=Spain braced for record April temperature of 39C as extreme heat causes misery |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/27/spain-braced-for-record-april-temperature-of-39c-as-heatwave-causes-misery |access-date=2023-06-15 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=2023-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615221813/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/27/spain-braced-for-record-april-temperature-of-39c-as-heatwave-causes-misery |url-status=live }}</ref> Agriculture was heavily disrupted.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carrington |first=Damian |date=2023-05-05 |title=April Mediterranean heatwave ‘almost impossible’ without climate crisis |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/05/april-mediterranean-heatwave-almost-impossible-without-climate-crisis |access-date=2023-06-15 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=2023-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614202641/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/05/april-mediterranean-heatwave-almost-impossible-without-climate-crisis |url-status=live }}</ref>

Revision as of 21:05, 19 July 2023

2023 European heat waves
TypeHeat wave
Areas
Start dateJune 2023
End dateOngoing
Losses
Deaths4 (Italy)

In 2023, Europe has been affected by heat waves. The most significant of these so far has been the ongoing named heat wave, Cerberus Heatwave, which is expected to bring the hottest temperatures ever recorded in Europe. Starting on 10 July 2023, the record-breaking Cerberus heatwave affected many European countries, with the effects felt most severely in parts of Southeast and Southwest Europe such as Cyprus, Greece, Italy, and Spain. The Italian Meteorological Society named the extreme weather event after the hound of Hades from Greek mythology. It is one of the first major named heatwaves in history; temperatures were predicted to exceed 48 °C (118 °F) and break the record for the hottest ever recorded in Europe. The European Space Agency predicted temperatures in Italy exceeding 50 °C (122 °F). The event also led to record-breaking high temperatures in the Arctic following a week of the hottest global average temperatures ever recorded. Several regional temperature records have also been broken, and the heatwave has prompted health warnings and government action in several countries.

According to the British Met Office, 2023 is expected to have more intense heatwaves than those experienced in 2022.[1] In June, the European Environment Agency warned that schools and hospitals were at risk of high temperatures.[2]

Background

Further information: Climate change in Europe

On 1 January 2023, at least eight European countries recorded their warmest January day ever: Liechtenstein, the Czech Republic, Poland, the Netherlands, Belarus, Lithuania, Denmark and Latvia.[3] This was attributed to climate change.[4]

By country

Austria

On 18 June, temperatures above 30.0 °C (86.0 °F) were recorded at eight stations in the Ubimet network, reaching 31.3 °C (88.3 °F) in Bludenz and marking the beginning of a heat wave that was expected to peak on 22 June.[5] Prior to 18 June, a temperature of 30.0 °C (86.0 °F) was not recorded at any official station in Austria since the beginning of 2023, marking the country's latest first occurrence of the value in a calendar year since 1990.[5] On 22 June, temperatures of 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) or higher were recorded at eight stations in the Ubimet network, reaching 36.2 °C (97.2 °F) in Bad Goisern.[6]

The second heat wave of 2023 was expected to affect Austria between 10 July and 13 July, with maximum temperatures of up to 36 °C (97 °F) predicted to occur during the first two days.[7] After two days of heavy thunderstorms, temperatures in excess of 30 °C (86 °F) were expected to return on 14 July and reach as high as 38 °C (100 °F) in areas north of the Alps on 15 July.[8]

Belgium

On 12 June 2023, officials issued a heat wave health warning.[9]

Bulgaria

Temperatures in Bulgaria reached 41°C during the Cerberus heat wave. Temperatures stayed above 35 °C for more than 2 weeks. Another heat wave is expected starting July, 18th. Expected temperatures are up to 43°C.

Croatia

Temperatures reached 40 °C (104 °F) by 13 July, sparking a significant wildfire near Šibenik.[10]

See also: § Storms

Cyprus

Temperatures in Cyprus neared 45 °C (113 °F) inland during the heatwave, with even elevated mountainous areas such as the Troodos region reaching a record-breaking 36 °C (97 °F).[11] Government officials issued heat warnings and set up "heat shelters" in various cities.[12]

France

By 1 June 2023, 26 departments of France were under red alert, with another 50 under orange vigilance and 24 under yellow vigilance.[13]

Germany

Germany saw warmer than usual temperatures.[14] The German government has promised a plan to prevent heatwave deaths.[15]

Greece

On 14 July 2023, the World Meteorological Organization station in Thiva registered 44.2 °C (111.6 °F) making it the highest temperature in the country for that day.[16][17][18] On the same day Athens recorded 43.4 °C (110.1 °F) in the suburb of Filothei.[19] Officials in Athens announced midday closure of the Acropolis.[20] On 15 July 2023, the National Observatory of Athens station in Elafonisi also recorded a maximum temperature of 44.2 °C (111.6 °F). [21]

On 15 July, 5 people in Athens Urban Area were reported to have suffered from hyperthermia, while at least 10 more reportedly fainted, though it isn't clear how many of them did so due to the heat. The Hellenic National Meteorological Service issued an Orange Warning for Extremely High Temperatures.[22] On that day the highest temperature in the Athens metropolitan area was 43.6 °C (110.5 °F) in Aspropyrgos. [23]

Ireland

In June 2023, Ireland had a "mini heat wave".[24]

Italy

A 44-year-old man in Lodi died due to intense heat on 11 July,[25] a 66-year-old man died in Florence on 14 July,[26] a 65-year-old man died on 18 July in Lonato del Garda,[27] and a 62-year-old man died on 19 July in Castenedolo.[28] All the victims died after collapsing while working. Most of Italy saw temperatures above 40 °C (104 °F), with temperatures as high as 48 °C (118 °F) estimated to hit Sicily and Sardinia by the middle of July.[29]

The European Space Agency predicted that temperatures would exceed 48 °C (118 °F) in Sardinia some time in July, marking the hottest temperature ever recorded in Europe.[30] On 11 July, a road worker collapsed and later died in Lodi,[31] while another man died on 14 July, also while working,[32] marking the first recorded deaths of the event. Tourists throughout the country were also observed to suffer from heat stroke, with a British visitor fainting at the Colosseum.[33] It is also expected that an anticyclone dubbed "Charon" originating from North Africa may raise the temperature to above 45 °C (113 °F) in parts of Italy early in the week beginning 17 July.[34]

Norway

On 13 July, temperatures of 28.8 °C (83.8 °F) were observed at northern Norway's Slettnes Lighthouse, breaking a record previously held for 80 years.[35]

Romania

A first heat wave struck Romania after July 3, with temperatures exceeding 35 degrees Celsius. A second heat wave arrived after July 12, with temperatures reaching 39 Celsius degrees, prompting Romanian authorithies to issue yellow and orange alerts. On July 16, Elena Mateescu, the director of Romania's National Administration of Meteorology stated this month could be the warmest July in Romania in 120 years.[36] As of July 17, temperatures are expected to go even heigher, eventually surpassing 40 degrees Celsius.

Slovenia

The first heat wave of 2023 in Slovenia began on 19 June and ended on 23 June with the arrival of a cold front that had brought heavy thunderstorms to many parts of the country.[37] Between 21 June and 23 June, the Slovenian Environment Agency (ARSO) recorded temperatures in excess of 34 °C (93 °F) at several stations in their network. The highest temperature during the period was recorded at the ARSO station at Cerklje ob Krki Airport, where temperatures had reached 35.5 °C (95.9 °F) on 21 June, whilst the ARSO station in Dobliče had recorded a temperature of 34.9 °C (94.8 °F) on both 21 June and 23 June.[38]

The second heat wave of 2023 was expected to affect Slovenia from 9 July to 13 July, and the ARSO predicted that maximum daytime temperatures between 30 °C (86 °F) and 35 °C (95 °F) would occur on 10 July.[39] That day, several stations in the ARSO network recorded temperatures between 33 °C (91 °F) and 35 °C (95 °F), a temperature of 35.1 °C (95.2 °F) was recorded in Osilnica, followed by temperatures reaching 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) in Bilje and Podnanos.[40] The second heat wave ended on 13 July, when heavy rain and high winds affected much of Slovenia.[41]

The third heat wave began on 15 July, and temperatures between 31 °C (88 °F) and 34 °C (93 °F) were predicted for much of Slovenia on the following day, with the possibility of reaching as high as 36 °C (97 °F) over a period of two days, especially in the south-east.[42] On 17 July, a temperature of 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) was recorded at the ARSO station in Dobliče and became the highest officially recorded temperature in Slovenia in 2023, in addition to several other ARSO stations reporting temperatures above 34 °C (93 °F) and the one in Metlika recording a temperature of 36.1 °C (97.0 °F).[43]

See also: § Storms

Spain

Spain experienced the hottest April on record, with temperatures up to 39 °C (102 °F) recorded that month.[44] Agriculture was heavily disrupted.[45]

United Kingdom

On 7 June 2023, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) and the Met Office issued the first heat-health alert of year.[46] This was following the launch of a new high temperature alert system.[47] A yellow heat alert was issued for London, the east and west Midlands, and the east, south-east and the south-west.[48] 10 June was the hottest day of the year so far, when temperatures in London reached 30 °C (86 °F).[49][50] Northern Ireland was also under yellow alert.[51] It was the warmest average June in the UK since records began in 1884, with an average monthly temperature of 15.8 °C (60.4 °F), exceeding the previous highest, recorded in 1940 and 1976, by 0.9 °C. Records were also broken in 72 of the 97 areas which temperature data is collected from.[52]

Risks of upcoming heat waves threatened the whisky industry.[53]

Storms

In late June and mid-July, the combination of daytime temperatures of 35 to 40 °C (95 to 104 °F) and high humidity led to formation of a series of uncommonly strong, supercell storms in the area ranging from Slovenia to Romania.[54] On 23 June, large hail destroyed crops in parts of Slovenia and Hrvatsko Zagorje. In Croatia, the storm also broke windows in Varaždin and tore roofs off several houses in Međimurje.[55][56] On 13 July, one such storm travelled 1,100 km (680 mi), producing hail throught its distance with stones up to 14 centimetres (5.5 in) in diametre in Krško, Slovenia, and a wind speed in excess of 100 km/h (62 mph; 28 m/s) in Zrenjanin, Serbia.[57]

On 19 July, a particularly strong supercell caused extreme wind damage in Slovenia and northern Croatia. At least 5 people were killed by falling trees, three in Croatia (two in Zagreb and one in Cernik, Brod-Posavina County), one near Lake Bled, Slovenia, and one in Brčko, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Many more were injured, including at least 60 in Zagreb, 10 of them severely. The storm caused extensive wind damage and electricity outages in parts of Slovenia, northern Croatia and northern Serbia. Winds of 115 km/h (71 mph; 32 m/s) were recorded in Zagreb, and over 100 km/h in Belgrade and Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia.[58][59][60][61] The storm moved quickly, hitting Zagreb around 4 pm and Belgrade around 8 pm (CEST).[62]

See also

References

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  40. ^ "Popoldne smo marsikje po Sloveniji izmerili več kot 33 °C: Osilnica 35,1 Bilje in Podnanos 35,0 [...]". Twitter (in Slovenian). 10 July 2023. Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
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