Subsistence crisis: Difference between revisions
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A '''subsistence crisis''' occurs when individuals or communities are unable to obtain the necessities for survival due to factors such as [[inflation]], [[drought]], [[war]], or economic instability, caused naturally or artificially.<ref name=Helsinki>"The European subsistence crisis of 1845–1850: a comparative perspective", http://www.helsinki.fi/iehc2006/papers3/Vanhaute.pdf, 20 June 2012</ref> A subsistence crisis threatens the food supplies and the survival prospects of large numbers of people. When a subsistence crisis reaches |
A '''subsistence crisis''' occurs when individuals or communities are unable to obtain the necessities for survival due to factors such as [[inflation]], [[drought]], [[war]], or economic instability, caused naturally or artificially.<ref name=Helsinki>"The European subsistence crisis of 1845–1850: a comparative perspective", http://www.helsinki.fi/iehc2006/papers3/Vanhaute.pdf, 20 June 2012</ref> A subsistence crisis threatens the food supplies and the survival prospects of large numbers of people. When a subsistence crisis reaches its extreme resulting in large numbers of deaths, it is considered a [[famine]]. However, the usage of the term famine remains [[Controversial issues surrounding Vishwaroopam|controversial]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=McVeigh |first=Tracy |date=2022-12-06 |title=Fear of the F-word: Somalia avoids famine declaration as hunger spreads |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/dec/06/fear-of-the-f-word-somalia-dodges-famine-declaration-as-hunger-spreads |access-date=2023-09-05 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>. |
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The concept of a subsistence crisis, in its contemporary form, was first formulated in [[France]] by [[Jean Meuvret|John Meuvret]] in 1946 and popularized by [[Pierre Goubert|Goubert]] in 1960 through his study of the Beauvaisis in [[Beauvais]].<ref name=Cambridge>Walter, John, and Roger S. Schofield. "Famine, Disease and the Social Order in Early Modern Society". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Print., https://books.google.com/books?id=uCERvGiMYdIC&dq=france+subsistence+crisis&pg=PA48</ref> As an economic historian and specialist in price history, Meuvret was struck by the coincidence between high prices and the increase in the number of deaths in the region of [[Gien]] in 1709–10. He posed the problem of the nature of demographic crises despite challenges to distinguish statistically between close phenomena, such as mortality through simple inanition ([[starvation]]); mortality caused by disease, though attributable to [[malnutrition]]; and mortality by contagion, which in turn was linked to the scarcity that helped both spawn and spread diseases. |
The concept of a subsistence crisis, in its contemporary form, was first formulated in [[France]] by [[Jean Meuvret|John Meuvret]] in 1946 and popularized by [[Pierre Goubert|Goubert]] in 1960 through his study of the Beauvaisis in [[Beauvais]].<ref name=Cambridge>Walter, John, and Roger S. Schofield. "Famine, Disease and the Social Order in Early Modern Society". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Print., https://books.google.com/books?id=uCERvGiMYdIC&dq=france+subsistence+crisis&pg=PA48</ref> As an economic historian and specialist in price history, Meuvret was struck by the coincidence between high prices and the increase in the number of deaths in the region of [[Gien]] in 1709–10. He posed the problem of the nature of demographic crises despite challenges to distinguish statistically between close phenomena, such as mortality through simple inanition ([[starvation]]); mortality caused by disease, though attributable to [[malnutrition]]; and mortality by contagion, which in turn was linked to the scarcity that helped both spawn and spread diseases. |
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Revision as of 11:13, 5 September 2023
 | This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. (August 2021) |
A subsistence crisis occurs when individuals or communities are unable to obtain the necessities for survival due to factors such as inflation, drought, war, or economic instability, caused naturally or artificially.[1] A subsistence crisis threatens the food supplies and the survival prospects of large numbers of people. When a subsistence crisis reaches its extreme resulting in large numbers of deaths, it is considered a famine. However, the usage of the term famine remains controversial[2].
The concept of a subsistence crisis, in its contemporary form, was first formulated in France by John Meuvret in 1946 and popularized by Goubert in 1960 through his study of the Beauvaisis in Beauvais.[3] As an economic historian and specialist in price history, Meuvret was struck by the coincidence between high prices and the increase in the number of deaths in the region of Gien in 1709–10. He posed the problem of the nature of demographic crises despite challenges to distinguish statistically between close phenomena, such as mortality through simple inanition (starvation); mortality caused by disease, though attributable to malnutrition; and mortality by contagion, which in turn was linked to the scarcity that helped both spawn and spread diseases.
Examples of subsistence crises
- France, 1788–1789, in which two years of crop failures and low yields caused a grain shortage
- The Year Without a Summer of 1816
- The Great Irish Famine, 1845 to 1849
See also
References
- ^ "The European subsistence crisis of 1845–1850: a comparative perspective", http://www.helsinki.fi/iehc2006/papers3/Vanhaute.pdf, 20 June 2012
- ^ McVeigh, Tracy (6 December 2022). "Fear of the F-word: Somalia avoids famine declaration as hunger spreads". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
- ^ Walter, John, and Roger S. Schofield. "Famine, Disease and the Social Order in Early Modern Society". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Print., https://books.google.com/books?id=uCERvGiMYdIC&dq=france+subsistence+crisis&pg=PA48
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