Efim P. Slavsky: Difference between revisions
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== The Ministry of Medium Machine Building == |
== The Ministry of Medium Machine Building == |
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In July of 1957 Slavsky was appointed the 5th [[Ministry of Medium Machine Building|Minister of Medium Machine Building]]. the ministry was established in accordance with the Soviet First Directorate (nuclear industry) and third directorate (long range weapons). Slavsky is known for turning the ministry into a very private organization accepting very little oversight from the [[Government of the Soviet Union|All-Union government]], actions that would later lead to the breakup of his nuclear empire. The ministry is responsible for a number of nuclear firsts over the '50s and '60s<ref>{{Cite web |first=Rosatum State Atomic Energy Corporation |title=A short history of the Russian nuclear industry |url=www.rosatom.ru/en/press-centre/short-history-of-the-russian-nuclear-industry/ |url-status=live |website=Rosatum State Atomic Energy Corporation}}</ref> including: |
In July of 1957 Slavsky was appointed the 5th [[Ministry of Medium Machine Building|Minister of Medium Machine Building]]. the ministry was established in accordance with the Soviet First Directorate (nuclear industry) and third directorate (long range weapons). He was instrumental in the creation of [[Tsar Bomba]] (worlds most powerful thermonuclear weapon).<ref name=":1" /> Slavsky is known for turning the ministry into a very private organization accepting very little oversight from the [[Government of the Soviet Union|All-Union government]], actions that would later lead to the breakup of his nuclear empire. The ministry is responsible for a number of nuclear firsts over the '50s and '60s<ref>{{Cite web |first=Rosatum State Atomic Energy Corporation |title=A short history of the Russian nuclear industry |url=www.rosatom.ru/en/press-centre/short-history-of-the-russian-nuclear-industry/ |url-status=live |website=Rosatum State Atomic Energy Corporation}}</ref> including: |
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[[File:Lenin icebreaker.JPG|thumb|The first nuclear powered surface vessel (Lenin)]] |
[[File:Lenin icebreaker.JPG|thumb|The first nuclear powered surface vessel (Lenin)]] |
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== Kyshtym & Chernobyl == |
== Kyshtym & Chernobyl == |
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In 1957 an explosion occurred at a nuclear waste storage facility at the [[Mayak]] nuclear facility near [[Kyshtym]], [[Chelyabinsk Oblast]]. E. P. Slavsky was placed in charge of the cleanup operation. He ordered a quarantine of the surrounding region and an evacuation of the communities downwind of the distraught plant. It was at Kyshtym that Slavsky pioneered the burial enclosure technique later employed at [[Chernobyl disaster|Chernobyl]]. It is estimated that around 49-55 cancer related fatalities occurred as a result.<ref>{{Citation |title=List of nuclear and radiation accidents by death toll |date=2023-07-28 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_by_death_toll&oldid=1167532789 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2023-10-20 |language=en}}</ref> Slavsky |
In 1957 an explosion occurred at a nuclear waste storage facility at the [[Mayak]] nuclear facility near [[Kyshtym]], [[Chelyabinsk Oblast]]. E. P. Slavsky was placed in charge of the cleanup operation. He ordered a quarantine of the surrounding region and an evacuation of the communities downwind of the distraught plant. It was at Kyshtym that Slavsky pioneered the burial enclosure technique later employed at [[Chernobyl disaster|Chernobyl]]. It is estimated that around 49-55 cancer related fatalities occurred as a result.<ref>{{Citation |title=List of nuclear and radiation accidents by death toll |date=2023-07-28 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_by_death_toll&oldid=1167532789 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2023-10-20 |language=en}}</ref> On May 20, 1986 Slavsky was put in charge of Construction Committee 605 responsible for liquidating the consequences of the [[Chernobyl disaster|April 26th accident at Chernobyl]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> He travelled to [[Pripyat]] to assess the damage and conceive the plans for what would become the [[Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant sarcophagus|Chernobyl sarcophagus]].<ref name=":2" /> |
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== Slavsky's Ouster from Power == |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Efim Pavlovich Slavsky (October 26 1898 - 8 November 1991) was a Soviet statesman, head of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building, and three time recipient of the Hero of Socialist Labour award.[1] Slavsky was best known for his work cleaning up the Kyshtym disaster in 1957 and again at Chernobyl in 1986.[2] Slavsky was in charge of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building, the agency responsible for the construction of nuclear installations in the Soviet Union. Slavsky was also one of the chief designers of the Soviet RBMK nuclear reactor.[3]
Efim P. Slavsky | |
|---|---|
| File:Efim P. Slavsky.png | |
| Minister of Medium Machine Building | |
| In office July 24, 1957 – November 22, 1986 | |
| Deputy Head of the First Main Directorate | |
| In office April 9, 1946 – November 22, 1986 | |
| Deputy Minister of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy of the USSR | |
| In office 1945–1946 | |
Early Life
Slavsky was born on October 26, 1898 in Makiivka to a peasant family in the Russian Empire.[4] His father, Faivel Slavsky, perished at the age of 70 after which Efim became a shepherd at age 8. At 15 Slavsky went to work in the Donbas region coal mines. In 1918, Efim joined the Red Guard before fighting with the Petliurists. After it's dissolution in 1923 Slavsky took a political course and became a regiment commissar as apart of a cavalry brigade.[4] In 1928 Slavsky quite the armed forces to attend the Moscow Institute of Nonferrous Metals where he graduated in 1933. After graduation, Slavsky moved to Ordzhonikidze to work at the Electrozink manufacturing plant producing zinc, lead, and copper.[5] He worked first as an engineer and then, 6 years later, as the plant director.
War Years
When war broke out Slavsky transferred to the Urals Aluminium Plant, at the time the biggest aluminium plant in the Soviet Union. Throughout the course of the war, Slavsky received 3 Orders of Lenin awards for his service.[4] In 1941 Slavsky got into trouble with the State Defence Committee for violating orders regarding the distribution of rations to children. In 1945 he was appointed the interim Minister of Colour Industry. The Kurchatov institute of
The Atomic Bomb
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Slavsky joined forces with Igor Kurchatov and a host of other Soviet scientists to begin the Soviet version of the Manhattan Project. Soviet spies helped greatly in the creation of the bomb as they thieved plans and schematics from the Americans.[6] For his work on the the RDS-1 prototype used in the original Joe-1 test, Slavsky received his first Hero of Socialist Labour in 1949. 5 years late in 1954, he received his second for the production of the first thermonuclear weapon in the Soviet Union.[1]
The Ministry of Medium Machine Building
In July of 1957 Slavsky was appointed the 5th Minister of Medium Machine Building. the ministry was established in accordance with the Soviet First Directorate (nuclear industry) and third directorate (long range weapons). He was instrumental in the creation of Tsar Bomba (worlds most powerful thermonuclear weapon).[1] Slavsky is known for turning the ministry into a very private organization accepting very little oversight from the All-Union government, actions that would later lead to the breakup of his nuclear empire. The ministry is responsible for a number of nuclear firsts over the '50s and '60s[7] including:
- 1954-first commercial nuclear plant (Obninsk NPP)
- 1959-first nuclear surface ship (Lenin)
- 1964-first VVER nuclear reactor (Novovoronezh NPP)
- 1974-First RBMK nuclear reactor (Leningrad NPP)
Kyshtym & Chernobyl
In 1957 an explosion occurred at a nuclear waste storage facility at the Mayak nuclear facility near Kyshtym, Chelyabinsk Oblast. E. P. Slavsky was placed in charge of the cleanup operation. He ordered a quarantine of the surrounding region and an evacuation of the communities downwind of the distraught plant. It was at Kyshtym that Slavsky pioneered the burial enclosure technique later employed at Chernobyl. It is estimated that around 49-55 cancer related fatalities occurred as a result.[8] On May 20, 1986 Slavsky was put in charge of Construction Committee 605 responsible for liquidating the consequences of the April 26th accident at Chernobyl.[1][2] He travelled to Pripyat to assess the damage and conceive the plans for what would become the Chernobyl sarcophagus.[2]
Slavsky's Ouster from Power
References
- ^ a b c d "Efim Pavlovich Slavsky". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2023-10-19.
- ^ a b c Plokhy, Serhii (2018). Chernobyl. Hachette Book Group. ISBN 9781541617087.
- ^ Groskop, Viv (2018-05-20). "Chernobyl: History of a Tragedy by Serhii Plokhy review – death of the Soviet dream". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 2023-10-19.
- ^ a b c "Secret Efim the Great". ForumDaily. 2012-05-24. Retrieved 2023-10-19.
- ^ "Coinbase-Electrozink". Crunchbase.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "The Soviet Atomic Bomb". www.atomicarchive.com. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
- ^ [www.rosatom.ru/en/press-centre/short-history-of-the-russian-nuclear-industry/ "A short history of the Russian nuclear industry"]. Rosatum State Atomic Energy Corporation.
{{cite web}}:|first=missing|last=(help); Check|url=value (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "List of nuclear and radiation accidents by death toll", Wikipedia, 2023-07-28, retrieved 2023-10-20