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==Critical reception==
==Critical reception==
[[John Leonard (critic)|John Leonard]] called the film "splendid" and "a triumph" in ''[[New York Magazine]]''.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=RekCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA86 A Mini-Series Supreme], [[New York Magazine]] (via [[Google Books]]), Apr. 8, 1991</ref> While generally praising the film, [[Richard Zoglin]] in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time Magazine]]'' called the portrayal of Warren's visit to Gettysburg "simplistic."<ref>[https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,972675,00.html Go Slow, Mr. Marshall], [[Time (magazine)|Time]], Apr. 8, 1991</ref> A contemporary review in the ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' called the film "one of television's finest hours," but also called the scene of Warren at Gettysburg "hokey melodrama" and suggested that it was apocryphal.<ref>[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1991/04/07/supreme-struggle-the-abc-miniseries-separate-but-equal-turns-one-of-the-civil-rights-movements-greatest-triumphs-into-one-of-televisions-finest-hours/ SUPREME STRUGGLE THE ABC MINISERIES ‘SEPARATE BUT EQUAL’ TURNS ONE OF THE CIVIL-RIGHTS MOVEMENT’S GREATEST TRIUMPHS INTO ONE OF TELEVISION’S FINEST HOURS.], [[Orlando Sentinel]], Apr. 7, 1991</ref>
[[John Leonard (critic)|John Leonard]] called the film "splendid" and "a triumph" in ''[[New York Magazine]]''.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=RekCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA86 A Mini-Series Supreme], [[New York Magazine]] (via [[Google Books]]), April 8, 1991</ref> While generally praising the film, [[Richard Zoglin]] in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time Magazine]]'' called the portrayal of Warren's visit to Gettysburg "simplistic."<ref>[https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,972675,00.html Go Slow, Mr. Marshall], [[Time (magazine)|Time]], April 8, 1991</ref> A contemporary review in the ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' called the film "one of television's finest hours," but also called the scene of Warren at Gettysburg "hokey melodrama" and suggested that it was apocryphal.<ref>[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1991/04/07/supreme-struggle-the-abc-miniseries-separate-but-equal-turns-one-of-the-civil-rights-movements-greatest-triumphs-into-one-of-televisions-finest-hours/ SUPREME STRUGGLE THE ABC MINISERIES ‘SEPARATE BUT EQUAL’ TURNS ONE OF THE CIVIL-RIGHTS MOVEMENT’S GREATEST TRIUMPHS INTO ONE OF TELEVISION’S FINEST HOURS.], [[Orlando Sentinel]], April 7, 1991</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 20:27, 17 May 2024

For the legal doctrine, see separate but equal. For the All Grown Up! episode, see List of All Grown Up! episodes.
Separate but Equal
VHS cover art
GenreDrama
History
Written byGeorge Stevens Jr.
Directed byGeorge Stevens Jr.
StarringSidney Poitier
Gloria Foster
Tommy Hollis
Burt Lancaster
Music byCarl Davis
Country of originUnited States
Original languageEnglish
Production
Executive producersStan Margulies
George Stevens Jr.
Production locationsOrlando, Florida
Charleston, South Carolina
Manhattan
Saluda, South Carolina
Washington, D.C.
CinematographyNick Knowland
EditorJohn W. Wheeler
Running time194 minutes
Production companiesNew Liberty Films
Republic Pictures
Original release
NetworkABC
ReleaseApril 7 (1991-04-07) –
April 8, 1991 (1991-04-08)

Separate But Equal is a 1991 American two-part television miniseries depicting the landmark Supreme Court desegregation case Brown v. Board of Education, based on the phrase "Separate but equal". The film stars Sidney Poitier as lead NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Richard Kiley as Chief Justice Earl Warren, Burt Lancaster (in his final television role) as lawyer John W. Davis (loser of Briggs v. Elliott and the Democratic candidate in the 1924 US presidential election), Cleavon Little as lawyer and judge Robert L. Carter, and Lynne Thigpen as Ruth Alice Stovall.[1]

In 1991, the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences rewarded the film with the Outstanding Miniseries award.[2] The film received 8 nominations for Emmy Awards in 1991 and won 2,[3] and received 3 nominations for Golden Globe Awards in 1992.[4]

Plot

The issue before the United States Supreme Court is whether the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution mandates the individual states to desegregate public schools; that is, whether the nation's "separate but equal" policy heretofore upheld under the law, is unconstitutional. The issue is placed before the Court by Brown v. Board of Education and its companion case, Briggs v. Elliott. Many of the justices personally believe segregation is morally unacceptable, but have difficulty justifying the idea legally under the 14th Amendment. Marshall and Davis argue their respective cases. Marshall argues the equal protection clause extends far enough to the states to prohibit segregated schools. Davis counters that control of public schools is a "states' rights" issue that Congress never intended to be covered by the 14th Amendment when it was passed.

Taking the case under advisement, the stalemated justices agree to allow Marshall and Davis an opportunity to reargue their respective cases as to whether the equal protection clause specifically extends to the desegregation of schools. In the interim, Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson dies and is replaced by a non-jurist, Governor Earl Warren of California.

Meanwhile, Marshall and his staff are fruitless in finding any research showing the Civil-War era crafters of the 14th Amendment in 1866 intended for schools to be desegregated. On the other hand, Davis and his Ivy League-educated staff find several examples of segregated schools having existed ever since the passage of the equal protection clause. Finally, the NAACP staffers discover a quote by Thaddeus Stevens delivered on the floor of the Senate during the debate over the Amendment, which directly states segregation is constitutionally and morally wrong. They place it at the front of their brief. Marshall's argument is compelling.

As the case is taken under advisement a second time, new Chief Justice Warren is taken on a tour of Gettysburg Battlefield by his black chauffeur. He also realizes that his chauffeur must sleep in the car because there are no lodging places available for him because of his race. Warren discovers a majority of the Court agrees to strike down the "separate but equal" laws; however, it is important to him that the Court be unanimous. He writes an opinion and takes copies to all of the dissenting justices trying to convince each one of the significance of unanimity. They finally all agree. Warren reads his opinion which states that segregation "has no place" in American society. Even opposing counsel, John W. Davis, privately agrees it is time for society to change.

The epilogue acknowledges Thurgood Marshall's own ascent to the Supreme Court in 1967 and explains that the plaintiff in the companion case, a black student named Briggs, never attended an integrated school.

Cast

Critical reception

John Leonard called the film "splendid" and "a triumph" in New York Magazine.[5] While generally praising the film, Richard Zoglin in Time Magazine called the portrayal of Warren's visit to Gettysburg "simplistic."[6] A contemporary review in the Orlando Sentinel called the film "one of television's finest hours," but also called the scene of Warren at Gettysburg "hokey melodrama" and suggested that it was apocryphal.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Separate But Equal (TV 1991) - IMDb". IMDb. Retrieved 2010-10-13
  2. ^ Outstanding Drama/Comedy Special and Miniseries - 1991
  3. ^ Separate But Equal Awards & Nominations
  4. ^ Separate But Equal - Golden Globes
  5. ^ A Mini-Series Supreme, New York Magazine (via Google Books), April 8, 1991
  6. ^ Go Slow, Mr. Marshall, Time, April 8, 1991
  7. ^ SUPREME STRUGGLE THE ABC MINISERIES ‘SEPARATE BUT EQUAL’ TURNS ONE OF THE CIVIL-RIGHTS MOVEMENT’S GREATEST TRIUMPHS INTO ONE OF TELEVISION’S FINEST HOURS., Orlando Sentinel, April 7, 1991
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