Kolbeinsey: Difference between revisions

Kolbeinsey
	Eroded remnants of the island in 2020
	Kolbeinsey
Geography
Location	Greenland Sea
Coordinates	67°09′02″N 18°41′01″W / 67.15056°N 18.68361°W
Administration
	Iceland
Demographics
Population	0

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400km
250miles

Kolbeinsey

Location map of Kolbeinsey in Iceland

Kolbeinsey (Icelandic: [ˈkʰɔlˌpeinsˌeiː] ^ⓘ; also known as Kolbeinn's Isle, Seagull Rock, Mevenklint, Mevenklip, or Meeuw Steen)^[1] is a small Icelandic islet in the Greenland Sea located 105 kilometres (55 nautical miles) off the northern coast of Iceland, 74 km (40 nmi) north-northwest of the island of Grímsey. It is the northernmost point of Iceland and lies north of the Arctic Circle. The islet is named after Kolbeinn Sigmundsson, from Kolbeinsdalur in Skagafjörður, who according to Svarfdæla saga is said to have broken his ship there and died with his men.^[2]

A basalt landform, devoid of vegetation, Kolbeinsey is subject to rapid wave erosion and is expected to disappear in the near future. Erosion rate data from 1994 suggested that this would happen around 2020.^[3] In August 2020, English YouTuber Tom Scott published a video confirming the continued existence of the island, with two skerries still visible at low tide.^[4] As of April 2021^[update], two small skerries remained visible at low tide.^[5]^[6]

History[edit]

The original size of Kolbeinsey is unknown. When it was first measured in 1616, the island was 700 metres (2,300 ft) in length from north to south and 100 m (330 ft) east to west. By 1903, it had already diminished to half that size. In August 1985, the island was recorded as being 39 m (128 ft) across.^[3] At the beginning of 2001, Kolbeinsey had been reduced to an area of 90 m² (970 sq ft), corresponding to the size of a circle of about 10.7 m (35 ft 1 in) in diameter. The island had a maximum elevation of 8 m (26 ft).

In 1952, Iceland declared Kolbeinsey to be a baseline point for the purposes of defining its exclusive fishery limits, originally set at 4 nmi (7 km) from the baseline.^[7] Iceland would eventually declare a 200-nautical-mile (370 km) exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in 1975, using Kolbeinsey as the baseline point. Denmark (on behalf of Greenland) objected to the use of Kolbeinsey as a baseline point as doing so gave Iceland control over 9,400 km² (2,700 sq nmi) of sea area that would otherwise belong to Greenland.^[8] A helipad was constructed in 1989^[3] and further efforts to reinforce the island were discussed in the Icelandic parliament in the 1990s.^[9] However, an agreement was reached in 1997 between Iceland, Denmark and Greenland (which was a party to the agreement in its own capacity) that permanently fixed the EEZ boundary in the area, giving Iceland control over 30 percent of the disputed area, while Greenland would control the remaining 70 percent.^[10] Since that agreement, Kolbeinsey has not been relevant to the definition of EEZ boundaries and there were no further efforts to reinforce the island.^[11]

In March 2006, it was reported that helicopters were no longer able to land on Kolbeinsey. It had been found that almost a half of the helipad that was laid with concrete in 1989 had been destroyed when a large piece of rock separated from the rest of the island.^[12] In 2010, it was reported that the helipad had collapsed completely and that the island was now actually two skerries, separated by a gap of about 4 m (13 ft).^[13]

In an August 2020 video, Tom Scott, a British YouTuber, chartered a plane to confirm the continued existence of Kolbeinsey; the two skerries were still visible.^[14] In April 2021, the Icelandic Coast Guard visited the island and measured it as 20 metres (66 ft) wide from west to east and 14.5 metres (48 ft) long from north to south.^[5]^[6]

Geology[edit]

A submarine eruption was reported in 1999 near the Kolbeinsey Ridge northwest of Grímsey. Kolbeinsey is the only subaerial expression of this portion of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It formed during the late-Pleistocene or Holocene. Dredged glass shards indicate submarine eruptive activity during the late-Pleistocene until at least 11,800 radiocarbon years ago.^[15]

References[edit]

^ Ringler, Dick (August 1996). "Jónas Hallgrímsson: Kolbeinn's Isle (Kolbeinsey)". University of Wisconsin–Madison. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
^ "Svarfdæla saga". www.snerpa.is. Archived from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sæmundsson, Kristján; Hjartarson, Árni (1994). "Geology and erosion of Kolbeinsey". In Gísli Viggóson (ed.). Proceedings of the Hornafjörlur International Costal Symposium. Orkustofnun (National Energy Authority of Iceland). pp. 443–451. Archived from the original on 9 January 2006. Retrieved 11 April 2008.
^ Is the most northern part of Iceland still there?, retrieved 2023-11-14
^ ^a ^b "Annasamt og eftirminnilegt ár að baki". Landhelgisgæsla Íslands (in Icelandic). 3 January 2022. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
^ ^a ^b Fontaine, Andie Sophia (28 April 2021). "VIDEO: Kolbeinsey, Iceland's Northernmost Island, Is Hanging In There". The Reykjavík Grapevine. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
^ "Fjögurra mílna verndun miðanna umhverfis Ísland". Þjóðviljinn (in Icelandic). No. 17:66. 20 March 1952. p. 1. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021. Heitir hún reglugerð um verndun fiskimiða umhverfis Ísland. Efni hennar er það, að dregin er grunnlína umhverfis landið frá yztu annesjum, eyjum og skerjum og þvert yfir mynni flóa og fjarða, en síðan sjálf markalínan 4 mílur utar.
^ Indriðason, Friðrik (20 August 1988). "Mjög ólíklegt að Danir geti vísað málinu til Haag". Morgunblaðið (in Icelandic). No. 76:188. p. 32. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
^ "Lögsaga byggð á bjargi?". Morgunblaðið (in Icelandic). No. 84:175. 3 August 1996. p. 31. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
^ "Ísland, Grænland and Noregur semja um lögsögumörk". Morgunblaðið (in Icelandic). No. 85:258. 12 November 1997. p. 11. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
^ "Kolbeinsey að hverfa". DV (in Icelandic). No. 93:261. 21 November 2003. p. 15. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
^ "Flag by crash - no longer possible to land helicopters on the island". lhg.is. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2010.
^ "Niðurbrotinn útvörður Íslands". Morgunblaðið (in Icelandic). 19 June 2010. p. 15. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
^ Jónsdóttir, Kolbrún E. Jónsdóttir (17 August 2020). "Er Kolbeinsy enn á sínum stað?". Visir.is (in Icelandic). Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
^ "Kolbeinsey Ridge". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.

External links[edit]

Media related to Kolbeinsey at Wikimedia Commons
Further information on Kolbeinsey
Kolbeinsey að hverfa in Icelandic

[wisc-1] Ringler, Dick (August 1996). "Jónas Hallgrímsson: Kolbeinn's Isle (Kolbeinsey)". University of Wisconsin–Madison. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2020.

[2] "Svarfdæla saga". www.snerpa.is. Archived from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.

[neai-3] Sæmundsson, Kristján; Hjartarson, Árni (1994). "Geology and erosion of Kolbeinsey". In Gísli Viggóson (ed.). Proceedings of the Hornafjörlur International Costal Symposium. Orkustofnun (National Energy Authority of Iceland). pp. 443–451. Archived from the original on 9 January 2006. Retrieved 11 April 2008.

[4] Is the most northern part of Iceland still there?, retrieved 2023-11-14

[ref-4-5] "Annasamt og eftirminnilegt ár að baki". Landhelgisgæsla Íslands (in Icelandic). 3 January 2022. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2022.

[ref-5-6] Fontaine, Andie Sophia (28 April 2021). "VIDEO: Kolbeinsey, Iceland's Northernmost Island, Is Hanging In There". The Reykjavík Grapevine. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2022.

[7] "Fjögurra mílna verndun miðanna umhverfis Ísland". Þjóðviljinn (in Icelandic). No. 17:66. 20 March 1952. p. 1. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021. Heitir hún reglugerð um verndun fiskimiða umhverfis Ísland. Efni hennar er það, að dregin er grunnlína umhverfis landið frá yztu annesjum, eyjum og skerjum og þvert yfir mynni flóa og fjarða, en síðan sjálf markalínan 4 mílur utar.

[8] Indriðason, Friðrik (20 August 1988). "Mjög ólíklegt að Danir geti vísað málinu til Haag". Morgunblaðið (in Icelandic). No. 76:188. p. 32. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.

[9] "Lögsaga byggð á bjargi?". Morgunblaðið (in Icelandic). No. 84:175. 3 August 1996. p. 31. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.

[10] "Ísland, Grænland and Noregur semja um lögsögumörk". Morgunblaðið (in Icelandic). No. 85:258. 12 November 1997. p. 11. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.

[11] "Kolbeinsey að hverfa". DV (in Icelandic). No. 93:261. 21 November 2003. p. 15. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.

[lhg-12] "Flag by crash - no longer possible to land helicopters on the island". lhg.is. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2010.

[13] "Niðurbrotinn útvörður Íslands". Morgunblaðið (in Icelandic). 19 June 2010. p. 15. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.

[14] Jónsdóttir, Kolbrún E. Jónsdóttir (17 August 2020). "Er Kolbeinsy enn á sínum stað?". Visir.is (in Icelandic). Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2022.

[gvp-15] "Kolbeinsey Ridge". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.

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 | caption    = Location map of Kolbeinsey in Iceland
 }}
-'''Kolbeinsey''' ({{IPA-is|ˈkʰɔlˌpeinsˌeiː|lang|Kolbeinsey pronunciation.ogg}}; also known as '''Kolbeinn's Isle''', '''Seagull Rock''', '''Mevenklint''', '''Mevenklip''', or '''Meeuw Steen''')<ref name="wisc">{{cite web |url=http://www.library.wisc.edu/etext/Jonas/Kolbeinsey/Kolbeinsey.html |title=Jónas Hallgrímsson: Kolbeinn's Isle (Kolbeinsey) |first=Dick |last=Ringler |date=August 1996 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] |access-date=17 August 2020 |archive-date=7 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307042408/https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/Jonas/Kolbeinsey/Kolbeinsey.html |url-status=live}}</ref> is a small [[islet]] in the [[Greenland Sea]] located {{convert|105|km|nmi|abbr=off|round=5}} off the northern coast of [[Iceland]], {{convert|74|km|nmi|abbr=on|frac=2}} north-northwest of the island of [[Grímsey]]. It is the northernmost point of [[Iceland]] and lies north of the [[Arctic Circle]]. The islet is named after Kolbeinn Sigmundsson, from Kolbeinsdalur in [[Skagafjörður]], who according to ''[[Svarfdæla saga]]'' is said to have broken his ship there and died with his men.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Svarfdæla saga |url=https://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/svarfd.htm|access-date=28 August 2020 |website=www.snerpa.is |archive-date=20 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120084558/https://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/svarfd.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>
+'''Kolbeinsey''' ({{IPA-is|ˈkʰɔlˌpeinsˌeiː|lang|Kolbeinsey pronunciation.ogg}}; also known as '''Kolbeinn's Isle''', '''Seagull Rock''', '''Mevenklint''', '''Mevenklip''', or '''Meeuw Steen''')<ref name="wisc">{{cite web |url=http://www.library.wisc.edu/etext/Jonas/Kolbeinsey/Kolbeinsey.html |title=Jónas Hallgrímsson: Kolbeinn's Isle (Kolbeinsey) |first=Dick |last=Ringler |date=August 1996 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] |access-date=17 August 2020 |archive-date=7 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307042408/https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/Jonas/Kolbeinsey/Kolbeinsey.html |url-status=live}}</ref> is a small Icelandic [[islet]] in the [[Greenland Sea]] located {{convert|105|km|nmi|abbr=off|round=5}} off the northern coast of [[Iceland]], {{convert|74|km|nmi|abbr=on|frac=2}} north-northwest of the island of [[Grímsey]]. It is the northernmost point of [[Iceland]] and lies north of the [[Arctic Circle]]. The islet is named after Kolbeinn Sigmundsson, from Kolbeinsdalur in [[Skagafjörður]], who according to ''[[Svarfdæla saga]]'' is said to have broken his ship there and died with his men.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Svarfdæla saga |url=https://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/svarfd.htm|access-date=28 August 2020 |website=www.snerpa.is |archive-date=20 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120084558/https://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/svarfd.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>
 A [[basalt]] landform, devoid of [[vegetation]], Kolbeinsey is subject to rapid wave [[erosion]] and is expected to disappear in the near future. Erosion rate data from 1994 suggested that this would happen around 2020.<ref name="neai">{{cite book |url=http://www.os.is/~ah/kolbeinsey/kolb_ensk.html |last1=Sæmundsson |first1=Kristján |last2=Hjartarson |first2=Árni |chapter=Geology and erosion of Kolbeinsey|pages=443–451|editor=Gísli Viggóson |title=Proceedings of the Hornafjörlur International Costal Symposium |publisher=Orkustofnun (National Energy Authority of Iceland) |year=1994 |access-date=11 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060109130623/http://www.os.is/~ah/kolbeinsey/kolb_ensk.html |archive-date=9 January 2006}}</ref> In August 2020, English YouTuber [[Tom Scott (YouTuber)|Tom Scott]] published a video confirming the continued existence of the island, with two skerries still visible at low tide.<ref>{{Citation |title=Is the most northern part of Iceland still there? |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hr03xF08qoU |access-date=2023-11-14 |language=en}}</ref> {{As of|2021|4}}, two small [[skerry|skerries]] remained visible at [[low tide]].<ref name="ref-4">{{cite web |title=Annasamt og eftirminnilegt ár að baki |work=[[Landhelgisgæsla Íslands]] |date=3 January 2022 |url=https://www.lhg.is/frettir-og-fjolmidlar/frettasafn/frettayfirlit/annasamt-og-eftirminnilegt-ar-ad-baki |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810082431/https://www.lhg.is/frettir-og-fjolmidlar/frettasafn/frettayfirlit/annasamt-og-eftirminnilegt-ar-ad-baki |archive-date=10 August 2022 |access-date=10 August 2022 |language=is}}</ref><ref name="ref-5">{{cite magazine |last=Fontaine |first=Andie Sophia |title=VIDEO: Kolbeinsey, Iceland's Northernmost Island, Is Hanging In There |magazine=[[The Reykjavík Grapevine]] |date=28 April 2021 |url=https://grapevine.is/news/2021/04/28/video-kolbeinsey-icelands-northernmost-island-is-hanging-in-there/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428124849/https://grapevine.is/news/2021/04/28/video-kolbeinsey-icelands-northernmost-island-is-hanging-in-there/ |archive-date=28 April 2021 |access-date=10 August 2022}}</ref>
 ==History==
-[[File:Kolbeinsøy 1.jpg|thumb|Kolbeinsey from the deck of RV ''Knorr'', 2011]]
+[[File:Kolbeinsøy 1.jpg|thumb|Kolbeinsey seen near the horizon from the deck of RV ''Knorr'', 2011]]
-The original size of Kolbeinsey is unknown. When it was first measured in 1616, the island was {{convert|700|m|ft|sigfig=2}} in length from north to south and {{convert|100|m|ft|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} east to west. By 1903, it had already diminished to half of that size. In August 1985, the island was recorded as being {{convert|39|m|ft|abbr=on}} across.<ref name="neai"/> At the beginning of 2001, Kolbeinsey had been reduced to an area of {{convert|90|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}, corresponding to the size of a circle of about {{convert|10.7|m|ftin|abbr=on}} in diameter. The island had a maximum elevation of {{convert|8|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
+The original size of Kolbeinsey is unknown. When it was first measured in 1616, the island was {{convert|700|m|ft|sigfig=2}} in length from north to south and {{convert|100|m|ft|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} east to west. By 1903, it had already diminished to half that size. In August 1985, the island was recorded as being {{convert|39|m|ft|abbr=on}} across.<ref name="neai"/> At the beginning of 2001, Kolbeinsey had been reduced to an area of {{convert|90|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}, corresponding to the size of a circle of about {{convert|10.7|m|ftin|abbr=on}} in diameter. The island had a maximum elevation of {{convert|8|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
-In 1952, Iceland declared Kolbeinsey to be a [[Baseline (sea)|baseline]] point for the purposes of defining its exclusive [[fishery]] limits, originally set at {{convert|4|nmi|km|0|abbr=on}} from the baseline.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fjögurra mílna verndun miðanna umhverfis Ísland |url=https://timarit.is/page/2760408?iabr=on |access-date=28 October 2021 |work=Þjóðviljinn |issue=17:66 |date=20 March 1952 |page=1 |language=is |quote=Heitir hún reglugerð um verndun fiskimiða umhverfis Ísland. Efni hennar er það, að dregin er grunnlína umhverfis landið frá yztu annesjum, eyjum og skerjum og þvert yfir mynni flóa og fjarða, en síðan sjálf markalínan 4 mílur utar. |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028101855/https://timarit.is/page/2760408?iabr=on |url-status=live}}</ref> Iceland would eventually declare a {{convert|200|nmi|km|adj=on}} [[exclusive economic zone]] (EEZ) in 1975. At that point, [[Denmark]] (on behalf of [[Greenland]]) objected to the use of Kolbeinsey as a baseline point as doing so gave Iceland control over {{convert|9400|km2|sqnmi|abbr=on}} of sea area that would otherwise belong to Greenland.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Indriðason |first=Friðrik |title=Mjög ólíklegt að Danir geti vísað málinu til Haag |url=https://timarit.is/page/1687094?iabr=on |access-date=28 October 2021 |work=Morgunblaðið |issue=76:188 |date=20 August 1988 |pages=32 |language=is |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028101853/https://timarit.is/page/1687094?iabr=on |url-status=live}}</ref> A helipad was constructed in 1989<ref name="neai"/> and further efforts to reinforce the island were discussed in the [[Althing|Icelandic parliament]] in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lögsaga byggð á bjargi? |url=https://timarit.is/page/1859320?iabr=on |access-date=28 October 2021 |work=Morgunblaðið |issue=84:175 |date=3 August 1996 |page=31 |language=is |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028101857/https://timarit.is/page/1859320?iabr=on |url-status=live}}</ref> However, an agreement was reached in 1997 between Iceland, Denmark and Greenland (which was a party to the agreement in its own capacity) that permanently fixed the EEZ boundary in the area, giving Iceland control over 30 percent of the disputed area, while Greenland would control the remaining 70 percent.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ísland, Grænland and Noregur semja um lögsögumörk |url=https://timarit.is/page/1891448?iabr=on |access-date=28 October 2021 |work=Morgunblaðið |issue=85:258 |date=12 November 1997 |page=11 |language=is |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028101855/https://timarit.is/page/1891448?iabr=on |url-status=live}}</ref> Since that agreement, Kolbeinsey has not been relevant to the definition of EEZ boundaries and there were no further efforts to reinforce the island.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kolbeinsey að hverfa |url=https://timarit.is/page/3054049?iabr=on |access-date=28 October 2021 |work=DV |issue=93:261 |date=21 November 2003 |page=15 |language=is |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028101853/https://timarit.is/page/3054049?iabr=on |url-status=live}}</ref>
+In 1952, Iceland declared Kolbeinsey to be a [[Baseline (sea)|baseline]] point for the purposes of defining its exclusive [[fishery]] limits, originally set at {{convert|4|nmi|km|0|abbr=on}} from the baseline.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fjögurra mílna verndun miðanna umhverfis Ísland |url=https://timarit.is/page/2760408?iabr=on |access-date=28 October 2021 |work=Þjóðviljinn |issue=17:66 |date=20 March 1952 |page=1 |language=is |quote=Heitir hún reglugerð um verndun fiskimiða umhverfis Ísland. Efni hennar er það, að dregin er grunnlína umhverfis landið frá yztu annesjum, eyjum og skerjum og þvert yfir mynni flóa og fjarða, en síðan sjálf markalínan 4 mílur utar. |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028101855/https://timarit.is/page/2760408?iabr=on |url-status=live}}</ref> Iceland would eventually declare a {{convert|200|nmi|km|adj=on}} [[exclusive economic zone]] (EEZ) in 1975, using Kolbeinsey as the baseline point. [[Denmark]] (on behalf of [[Greenland]]) objected to the use of Kolbeinsey as a baseline point as doing so gave Iceland control over {{convert|9400|km2|sqnmi|abbr=on}} of sea area that would otherwise belong to Greenland.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Indriðason |first=Friðrik |title=Mjög ólíklegt að Danir geti vísað málinu til Haag |url=https://timarit.is/page/1687094?iabr=on |access-date=28 October 2021 |work=Morgunblaðið |issue=76:188 |date=20 August 1988 |pages=32 |language=is |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028101853/https://timarit.is/page/1687094?iabr=on |url-status=live}}</ref> A helipad was constructed in 1989<ref name="neai"/> and further efforts to reinforce the island were discussed in the [[Althing|Icelandic parliament]] in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lögsaga byggð á bjargi? |url=https://timarit.is/page/1859320?iabr=on |access-date=28 October 2021 |work=Morgunblaðið |issue=84:175 |date=3 August 1996 |page=31 |language=is |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028101857/https://timarit.is/page/1859320?iabr=on |url-status=live}}</ref> However, an agreement was reached in 1997 between Iceland, Denmark and Greenland (which was a party to the agreement in its own capacity) that permanently fixed the EEZ boundary in the area, giving Iceland control over 30 percent of the disputed area, while Greenland would control the remaining 70 percent.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ísland, Grænland and Noregur semja um lögsögumörk |url=https://timarit.is/page/1891448?iabr=on |access-date=28 October 2021 |work=Morgunblaðið |issue=85:258 |date=12 November 1997 |page=11 |language=is |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028101855/https://timarit.is/page/1891448?iabr=on |url-status=live}}</ref> Since that agreement, Kolbeinsey has not been relevant to the definition of EEZ boundaries and there were no further efforts to reinforce the island.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kolbeinsey að hverfa |url=https://timarit.is/page/3054049?iabr=on |access-date=28 October 2021 |work=DV |issue=93:261 |date=21 November 2003 |page=15 |language=is |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028101853/https://timarit.is/page/3054049?iabr=on |url-status=live}}</ref>
 In March 2006, it was reported that helicopters were no longer able to land on Kolbeinsey. It had been found that almost a half of the helipad that was laid with concrete in 1989 had been destroyed when a large piece of rock separated from the rest of the island.<ref name="lhg">{{cite web |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=is&u=http://www.lhg.is/frettirogutgafa/frettir/nr/212 |title=Flag by crash - no longer possible to land helicopters on the island |publisher=lhg.is |access-date=2 August 2010 |archive-date=11 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111061906/http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=is&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lhg.is%2Ffrettirogutgafa%2Ffrettir%2Fnr%2F212 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2010, it was reported that the helipad had collapsed completely and that the island was now actually two [[skerry|skerries]], separated by a gap of about {{convert|4|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=Niðurbrotinn útvörður Íslands |url=https://timarit.is/page/5326486?iabr=on |access-date=28 October 2021 |work=Morgunblaðið |date=19 June 2010 |page=15 |language=is |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028122749/https://timarit.is/page/5326486?iabr=on |url-status=live}}</ref>

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
Geographic	Global Volcanism Program

Latest revision as of 09:38, 23 May 2024

History[edit]

Geology[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]