Colocasia

For the moth genus, see Colocasia (moth).

Colocasia
Colocasia gigantea (Giant taro)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Liliopsida
Order:	Alismatales
Family:	Araceae
Genus:	Colocasia Schott
Species
See text.

Colocasia is a genus of six to eight species of flowering plants in the family Araceae, native to tropical Polynesia and southeastern Asia (Wagner, Herbst, and Sohmer, 1999). Common name "Elephant-ear", or "Taro" this name also used for some other large-leaved genera in the Araceae, notably Xanthosoma and Caladium.

They are herbaceous perennial plants with a large rhizome on or just below the ground surface. The leaves are large to very large, 20-150 cm long, with a sagittate shape. The elephant's-ear plant gets its name from the leaves, which are shaped like a large ear or shield.

Species of Colocasia

• Colocasia affinis (syn. C. marshallii)
• Colocasia bicolor
• Colocasia coryli
• Colocasia esculenta (syn. C. antiquorum) - Taro or Elephant-ear
• Colocasia fontanesii
• Colocasia gigantea - Giant Taro
• Colocasia lihengiae
• Colocasia macrorrhiza
• Colocasia menglaensis

Colocasia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Palpifer murinus and Palpifer sexnotatus.

Cultivation and uses

Colocasia esculenta

Colocasia esculenta and other members of the genus, are cultivated for their edible tubers, a traditional starch staple in many tropical areas. The edible type are grown in the South Pacific and are "eaten like potatoes and is known as taro, eddo, and dasheen. This famous root vegetable is known as "Arbi/Arvi" in the Indian subcontinent where it's leaves are also cherished. A favorite Hawaiian dish is made by boiling the starchy underground stem of the plant" (World Book Encyclopedia).

In Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts of Karnataka state (India), they are used to make Patrode a popular delicacy, in kerala state (India) they are use to make chembila curry one of tasty delicacies. The stem & root are also used in the preparation of delicacies ( ishtu moru curry etc.). In Northern Andhrapradesh state of India several delicacies are made either with root or leaves of Chaama. In Gujarat, they are used to make a popular dish called Patra. They are grown outside year-round in subtropical and tropical areas. In temperate regions, they are grown as ornamental plants, planted out for the summer and dug up and stored over winter; they can be grown in almost any temperature zone as long as the summer is warm. The plant can be grown in the ground or in large containers.

The root tuber is typically planted close to the surface. The first signs of growth will appear in 1 to 3 weeks. The adult plant will need a minimum of at least 1 m of space for good growth. They do best in compost-rich soil and in shade, but will grow reasonably well in average soil provided it is moisture-retentive. The plants should not be left to go dry for too long; if this does happen, the leaves will wilt; watering will allow the plant to recover if done before they get too dry. Periodic fertilisation (every 3 to 4 weeks) with a common plant fertiliser will increase yields.

Growth is best at temperatures between 20 °C to 30 °C. The plants can be damaged if temperatures fall below 10 °C for more than a few days. When cultivated in climates with colder winters, the tuber must be dug up and stored during the colder, winter months in a cool, dry, place protected from frost and with good ventilation to reduce the risk of fungal diseases. Replanting in spring is done when the chance of frost has passed.

Leaves and tuber of this plant are used as food items in Indian sub-continent. The plant is known as Arabi or Ghuiya in local language as well as Patra.

References

• Wagner, W. L., D. R. Herbst, and S. H. Sohmer. 1999. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai‘i. Revised edition. Vol. 2. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press. p. 1357.