Fraserburgh

Fraserburgh Scots: The Broch
Fishing Boats in Fraserburgh Harbour
Population
OS grid reference	NJ997670
Council area	Aberdeenshire
Lieutenancy area	Aberdeenshire
Country	Scotland
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	FRASERBURGH
Postcode district	AB43
Dialling code	01346
Police	Scotland
Fire	Scottish
Ambulance	Scottish
UK Parliament	Banff and Buchan
Scottish Parliament	Banff and Buchan

Fraserburgh (Scots: The Broch) is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland with a population recorded in the 2001 Census at 12,454. It lies at the extreme northeast corner of Aberdeenshire, around 40 miles (64 km) north of Aberdeen, and 17 miles (27 km) north of Peterhead. It is the largest shellfish port in Europe and a major white fish port and busy commercial harbour.

History

Toponymy

The name of the town means, literally, 'burgh of Fraser' which is named after the Fraser family that bought the lands of Philorth in 1504 and thereafter brought about major improvement due to investment over the next century.

Development

Fraserburgh became a burgh of barony in 1546. By 1570, the Fraser family had built a castle (Fraserburgh Castle) at Kinnaird's Head and within a year the area church was built. By the 1590s the area known as Faithlie was developing a small harbour.

In 1592, Faithlie was renamed Fraserburgh by a charter of the Crown under King James VI. Sir Alexander Fraser was given permission to improve and govern the town as Lord Saltoun. At present this title is still in existence and is held by Flora Fraser, 20th Lady Saltoun and head of Clan Fraser. The Royal Charter also gave permission to build a college and university in Fraserburgh allowing the Lord Saltoun to appoint a rector, a principal, a sub-principal, and all the professors for teaching the different sciences. In 1597 the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland recommended the Rev. Charles Ferme, then minister at the Old Parish, to be its first (and only) principal.

In 1601, Fraserburgh became a burgh of regality. The college, however, closed only a decade or so after Ferme's arrest on the orders of James VI for taking part in the 1605 General Assembly, being used again only for a short time in 1647 when King's College, Aberdeen temporarily relocated owing to an outbreak of plague.

Fraserburgh thereafter remained relatively quiet until 1787 when Fraserburgh Castle was converted to Kinnaird Head Lighthouse, Scotland's first mainland lighthouse. In 1803, the original 1571 church building was replaced and enlarged to seat 1000 people. The Auld Kirk was to be the standing authority in the town up until the 1840s.

The Statistical Account on the Parish of Fraserburgh, written between 1791-1799 (probably 1791) by Rev. Alexander Simpson of the Old Parish Church, shows that the population of Fraserburgh was growing with peaks due to seasonal employment. He records a population of about 2000 in 1780 of whom only 1000 resided in the town. There was an additional population of 200 in the village of Broadsea. He makes a point of the arrival of Dr. Webster in Fraserburgh in 1755 claiming that the population then only stood at 1682. By the time the account was written the population had increased by 518 souls since 1755. Rev. Simpson also gives accounts of deaths, births and marriages. Between 1784-1791, he claims to have an average of 37 baptisms, 14 marriages and 19 deaths per year. More notably, the statistical account mentions activities with the harbour. He describes the harbour as small but good, telling that it had the capability to take vessels with '200 tons burden' at the time the account was written. The account also mentions that Fraserburgh had tried and succeeded in shipbuilding especially after 1784. His account finishes speaking of a proposed enlargement of the harbour. He claims that the local people would willingly donate what they could afford but only if additional funding was provided by the Government and Royal Burghs.

The second statistical account, written as a follow up to the first of the 1790s, was written in January 1840 by Rev. John Cumming. He records population in 1791 as 2215 growing to only 2271 by 1811, but increasing massively to 2954 by 1831. He considered the herring fishing, which intensified in 1815, to be the most important reason for this population boom. By 1840 he writes that seamen were marrying early with 86 marriages and 60 births in the parish in the space of one year. On top of this increased population, he explains that the herring season seen an additional 1200 people working in the Parish. There is also mention of the prosperity of this trade bringing about an increase in general wealth with a change in both dress and diet. Cumming also records 37 illegitimate children from 1837-1840 although he keeps no record of death. The prosperity of the economy also brought about improvement within the town with a considerable amount of new houses being built in the town. The people were gaining from the herring industry as in real terms rent fell by 6% from 1815 to 1840. Lord Saltoun was described as the predominant land owner earning £2266,13s,4d in rents. This period also saw the extension of the harbour with a northern pier of 300 yards built between 1807-1812 and, in 1818, a southern pier built by Act of Parliament. Cumming states that no less than £30,000 was spent developing the harbour between 1807 and 1840 by which time the harbour held 8 vessels of 45-155 tons and 220 boats of the herring fishery.

A railway station opened in 1865 and trains operated to Aberdeen via Maud and Dyce, as well as a short branch line to St. Combs. It was, however, closed to passengers in 1965 as part of the Beeching cuts, though freight trains continued to operate until 1979, after which the station site was redeveloped.

Politics

• UK Constituency: Banff and Buchan — Alex Salmond, SNP, (1987–), Party leader (1990–2000, 2004–), First Minister of Scotland (2007-)
• Scottish Parliament Constituency: Banff and Buchan — Stewart Stevenson, SNP, (2001–) Minister for Transport, Infrastructure and Climate Change (2007-)
• Aberdeenshire Council Ward: Fraserburgh and District - 3 SNP councillors and 1 independent councillor.

Landmarks

The town has several attractions including an award winning sand beach, a major harbour, the lighthouse museum, heritage centre and a variety of amenities and facilities.

Fraserburgh also has a variety of churches including; 3 Church of Scotland congregations (Old Parish, South Church and West Church), 4 Pentecostal churches (Elim Pentecostal, Assembly of God, Calvary Church and Emmanual Christian Fellowship), as well as Baptist, Roman Catholic, Episcopal, Congregational, Brethern and Bethesda Evangelical Church and the Salvation Army.

Economy

Fraserburgh is heavily dependent on the fishing industry, on which provides 60% of employment in the town.

'Drug problem' controversy

In recent years Fraserburgh has developed a reputation as being a town with a particular problem with illegal drugs. In 2007, police estimated that up to one in five adults in Fraserburgh may have drug problems. One consequence of the severity of the drug problem has been that foreign workers have been recruited to work on local fishing boats, without whom some boats would have found difficulty getting a crew. In 2008, it was reported that a local GP who specialised in helping drug addicts had decided to retire, prompting fears of an explosion in crime in the town. On the positive side, a 'Solid Rock Cafe' was set up to help prevent drug abuse and help drug abusers and their families.

Sports

Fraserburgh has a number of sporting facilities including a swimming pool, ten-pin bowling alley, tennis courts, putting green, martial arts dojo, skatepark and football pitches.

Fraserburgh golf club is the fifth oldest club in Scotland and seventh oldest in the world. It has both an 18 hole and a 9 hole course, and a modern clubhouse.

Fraserburgh Football Club is a senior football club that plays in the Highland League. Fraserburgh United FC is a junior football club that plays in the Scottish Junior Football North Premier League (also known as the North Superleague).

Local dialect

The town has a strong version of the Doric dialect. As a result, a recent documentary series from the BBC entitled 'Trawlermen' was subtitled to ensure viewers outwith the local vicinity could follow the programme in full.

Notable people

• George Bruce (1909-2002): Poet of the Scottish literary renaissance
• Bill Gibb (1943-): born in Fraserburgh; became international fashion designer
• Steve Fairnie (1951-1993) : Fraserburgh born musician, painter, sculptor, actor, board game designer, chicken hypnotist, frontman of the post-punk band Writz and half of the Techno Twins.
• Thomas Blake Glover (1838–1911): born in Fraserburgh, where his father worked for the coastguard, moved to Japan and founded Mitsubishi Company. Known as the Scottish Samuri. He has a local chip shop named after him.
• Robertson Macaulay (1833-1915): one time president of Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada).
• Dennis Nilsen (1945–): Serial killer; born at Academy Road, Fraserburgh.
• James Ramsay (1733–89): born in Fraserburgh; anti-slavery campaigner.
• Sir George Strahan (1838–87): born in Fraserburgh; British colonial governor.
• Joseph Watt (1887-1955): Gardenstown born; recipient of the Victoria Cross 15th May, 1917
• Stan Williams (1940-): Liverpool born but lived in Fraserburgh since 1975; author of 'PENNY LANE is in My Ears and in My Eyes' about growing up with The Beatles

Twin Town

• Bressuire, France

External links

• Fraserburgh: Scotland's Leading Light
• Fraserburgh Heritage Centre
• Banff and Buchan College
• Macrae Foods LTD
• Cairness House
• Buchan hillwalking club
• Web Historian's pages on the fishing villages of the North East
• Fraserburgh Leisure Centre - Featuring the finest local cuisine, cheap bar & family entertainment