Shar Pei

Shar Pei
Adult Shar Pei.
Alternative names
Chinese Shar Pei Chinese Fighting Dog
Country of origin
China
Classification and breed standards
FCI: Group 2 Section 2 #309 Stds AKC: Nonsporting Stds ANKC: Group 7 (Non-Sporting) Stds CKC: Group 6 - Non-Sporting Dogs KC(UK): Utility Stds NZKC: Non-sporting Stds

Shar Pei is a breed of dog whose distinctive feature is deep wrinkles. The name (沙皮, pinyin: shā pí) itself translates to "Sand Skin," not because of their colors, but because of their texture. As young puppies, they have lots of wrinkles, but as they mature, the wrinkles disappear as they "grow into their skin". They were not recognized by the American Kennel Club until 1991.

Appearance

The Chinese variety of Shar Pei looks like a Doberman Pinscher with small floppy ears, long legs, and a narrow face. Coming in many colors, it has the same characteristic blue-black tongue of the Chow Chow. The wrinkles are seen only on the face and back. Through selective breeding, the American variety of Shar Pei has very short, stubby legs, many wrinkles covering all of its body, and a wide "hippo face". The tail curls up and rests on the back.

Health

A common problem caused by irresponsible inbreeding is excessive wrinkling that causes an eye condition which turns the eyelashes inward, thus irritating the eye and possibly causing infection. This condition is called entropion and can be fixed by an eye surgery ("tacking" the eyelids up so they won't roll onto the eyeball). Skin infections are also common in this breed due to the folds and wrinkles, as is dry, flaky skin which can be remedied by frequent bathing using a special shampoo. One of the reasons for poor skin quality is feeding too rich food. Shar Pei have evolved in areas with food shortages, and must have been able to survive on very poor diets. If we feed high protein food, the dog cannot cope successfully with it. High protein diet also increases the risk of a disease called amyloidosis, which can seriously affect the kidneys. The disease shows itself by short fevers lasting 24 hours, after which there may be no more recurrence; alternatively they may recur at more frequent intervals, becoming more serious, and eventually resulting in kidney or liver failure. Tendency to this disease is recessive, and surfaces when both parents carry it.

History

The Shar Pei breed comes from the Guangzhou province of China where it was well-known as a fighting and guard dog. Originally, it was an all-purpose utility dog of poorer farmers and had fewer wrinkles; when the British introduced dog fighting to China in the late 19th century, it was the breed best suited for this purpose due to its size and strength. The dogs were then bred with an increased amount of wrinkles for their advantages in fighting; if the dog was bitten on a wrinkle, it could still turn around and bite back. At one point they were close to extinction, and were listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as "The rarest dog in the world". Since then, however, the Shar Pei has begun to thrive in many parts of the world as an excellent family dog, due to their loving and devoted nature, which shows that they were originally a utility and companion breed rather than a fighting breed.

The same Shar Pei as a puppy. Note the greater amount of wrinkles.

See also

• List of dog fighting breeds
• Sharpdale (don't delete -- how do you think new hybrids gain popularity?)