Masyaf: Difference between revisions
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'''Masyaf''' ([[Arabic]] مصياف) is a city in [[Syria]], in the [[Hama Governorate]], notable for its large medieval castle. |
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==History of the Castle== |
==History of the Castle== |
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The castle dates back to the [[Byzantine empire|Byzantine]] era. It is situated in the lush [[Orontes River|Orontes Valley]], c. 60 kilometers to the west of [[Hama]]. It served to protect the trade routes to cities further inland such as [[Banyas]]. The castle itself stands about 20 meters above the surrounding plain. |
The castle dates back to the [[Byzantine empire|Byzantine]] era. It is situated in the lush [[Orontes River|Orontes Valley]], c. 60 kilometers to the west of [[Hama]]. It served to protect the trade routes to cities further inland such as [[Banyas]]. The castle itself stands about 20 meters above the surrounding plain. |
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Evidence suggests that the lower layers and foundations of the castle are of Byzantine origin. Later levels were added by the [[Nizari]] [[Ismailis]], [[Mamluk]]s, and [[Ottoman empire|Ottomans]]. The castle was captured by the Ismailis in 1141 from [[Sanqur]] (who had held it on behalf of the Banu Mundiqh of [[Shayzar]]) and was later refortified by [[Rashid al-Din Sinan]]. |
Evidence suggests that the lower layers and foundations of the castle are of Byzantine origin. Later levels were added by the [[Nizari]] [[Ismailis]], [[Mamluk]]s, and [[Ottoman empire|Ottomans]]. The castle was captured by the Ismailis in 1141 from [[Sanqur]] (who had held it on behalf of the Banu Mundiqh of [[Shayzar]]) and was later refortified by [[Rashid al-Din Sinan]]. Masyaf and the surrounding town functioned as the capital of a Nizari [[emirate]] from the middle of the 12th century until the end of the 13th century. [[Saladin]] besieged it in May of 1176 but the siege did not last long and it concluded with a truce. Current research indicates it was held by the [[Hashshashin|Assassins]] at that time.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?alias=secrets-of-assassins-fort&chanId=sa003&modsrc=reuters |format=html|title=Secrets of Assassins' fort unearthed in Syria|accessdate=2007-07-13}}</ref> |
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In 1260, the castle was surrendered to the [[Mongol]]s. Later that year in September, the Nizaris allied with the Mamelukes to drive the Mongols out from Syria and reclaim the castle. [[Baybars]] took hold of the castle in February of 1270. In 1830, an Egyptian expedition led by [[Ibrahim Pasha]] did some damage to the castle. Restoration funded by the [[Aga Khan Trust for Culture]] [[Aga Khan Historic Cities Support Programme|Historic Cities Support Programme]] began in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.akdn.org/hcsp/Syria/Syriapages16_23a.pdf |format=PDF |title=A Brief Account of Project Activities in Syria - Aga Khan Trust for Culture Historic Cities Support Programme, October 2001 |accessdate=2006-12-01}}</ref> |
In 1260, the castle was surrendered to the [[Mongol]]s. Later that year in September, the Nizaris allied with the Mamelukes to drive the Mongols out from Syria and reclaim the castle. [[Baybars]] took hold of the castle in February of 1270. In 1830, an Egyptian expedition led by [[Ibrahim Pasha]] did some damage to the castle. Restoration funded by the [[Aga Khan Trust for Culture]] [[Aga Khan Historic Cities Support Programme|Historic Cities Support Programme]] began in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.akdn.org/hcsp/Syria/Syriapages16_23a.pdf |format=PDF |title=A Brief Account of Project Activities in Syria - Aga Khan Trust for Culture Historic Cities Support Programme, October 2001 |accessdate=2006-12-01}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 15:37, 26 March 2009
35°3′55.23″N 36°20′31.51″E / 35.0653417°N 36.3420861°E
Masyaf
مصياف | |
|---|---|
 A view of Masyaf castle from ground level | |
| Country |  Syria |
| Governorate | Hama Governorate |
| District | Masyaf District |
| Elevation | 500 m (1,600 ft) |
Masyaf (Arabic مصياف) is a city in Syria, in the Hama Governorate, notable for its large medieval castle.
History of the Castle
The castle dates back to the Byzantine era. It is situated in the lush Orontes Valley, c. 60 kilometers to the west of Hama. It served to protect the trade routes to cities further inland such as Banyas. The castle itself stands about 20 meters above the surrounding plain.
Evidence suggests that the lower layers and foundations of the castle are of Byzantine origin. Later levels were added by the Nizari Ismailis, Mamluks, and Ottomans. The castle was captured by the Ismailis in 1141 from Sanqur (who had held it on behalf of the Banu Mundiqh of Shayzar) and was later refortified by Rashid al-Din Sinan. Masyaf and the surrounding town functioned as the capital of a Nizari emirate from the middle of the 12th century until the end of the 13th century. Saladin besieged it in May of 1176 but the siege did not last long and it concluded with a truce. Current research indicates it was held by the Assassins at that time.[1]
In 1260, the castle was surrendered to the Mongols. Later that year in September, the Nizaris allied with the Mamelukes to drive the Mongols out from Syria and reclaim the castle. Baybars took hold of the castle in February of 1270. In 1830, an Egyptian expedition led by Ibrahim Pasha did some damage to the castle. Restoration funded by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture Historic Cities Support Programme began in 2000.[2]
Popular Culture
A fictional depiction of the city and the castle are featured in the video game Assassin's Creed.
References
- ^ "Secrets of Assassins' fort unearthed in Syria" (html). Retrieved 2007-07-13.
- ^ "A Brief Account of Project Activities in Syria - Aga Khan Trust for Culture Historic Cities Support Programme, October 2001" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-12-01.
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