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List of capital crimes in the Torah: Difference between revisions

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*worshipping [[Baal Peor]]<ref>{{bibleverse||Numbers|25:1-9}}</ref>
*worshipping [[Baal Peor]]<ref>{{bibleverse||Numbers|25:1-9}}</ref>
*[[False prophet|False prophecy]]<ref>{{bibleverse||Deuteronomy|13:1-10|}}</ref><ref>{{bibleverse||Deuteronomy|17:2-7|}}</ref><ref>{{bibleverse-nb||Deuteronomy|18:20-22|}}</ref>
*[[False prophet|False prophecy]]<ref>{{bibleverse||Deuteronomy|13:1-10|}}</ref><ref>{{bibleverse||Deuteronomy|17:2-7|}}</ref><ref>{{bibleverse-nb||Deuteronomy|18:20-22|}}</ref>
* [[Necromancy]], according to the masoretic text; specifically those who ''are masters over ghosts'' (Hebrew: ''Ba'al ob'') and those who ''gain information from the dead'' (Hebrew: ''Yidde'oni'')<ref>{{bibleverse||Leviticus|20:27|}}</ref>. The Septuagint instead condemns [[Ventriloquism#Origins|gastromancy]] (Greek: ''eggastrimuthos''), and [[enchantment]] (Greek: ''epaoidos'')<ref>[http://septuagint.org/LXX/Leviticus/20 Leviticus 20:27 (LXX)]</ref>.
* [[Necromancy]], according to the [[masoretic text]]; specifically those who ''are masters over ghosts'' (Hebrew: ''Ba'al ob'') and those who ''gain information from the dead'' (Hebrew: ''Yidde'oni'')<ref>{{bibleverse||Leviticus|20:27|}}</ref>. The [[Septuagint]] instead condemns [[Ventriloquism#Origins|gastromancy]] (Greek: ''eggastrimuthos''), and [[enchantment]] (Greek: ''epaoidos'')<ref>[http://septuagint.org/LXX/Leviticus/20 Leviticus 20:27 (LXX)]</ref>.
* According to the [[masoretic text]], practitioners of ''kashaph''<ref>{{bibleverse||Exodus|22:18|102}}</ref> - [[Incantation|incanting]] [[Maleficium_(sorcery)|maleficium]]. According to the [[Septuagint]] version of the same passages, ''pharmakeia''<ref>[http://septuagint.org/LXX/Exodus/22 Exodus 22:17 (LXX)]; note that for technical reasons, verse numbering in the Septuagint doesn't correspond exactly with the masoretic text</ref> - [[poison]]ers. Historically this passage has been translated into english using vague terminology, condemning ''[[witchcraft]]'' in general<ref>{{bibleverse||Exodus|22:18|}} (numbered as verse 17 in the [[New American Bible|NAB]], which follows Septuagint numbering)</ref>.
* According to the masoretic text, practitioners of ''kashaph''<ref>{{bibleverse||Exodus|22:18|102}}</ref> - [[Incantation|incanting]] [[Maleficium_(sorcery)|maleficium]]. According to the [[Septuagint]] version of the same passages, ''pharmakeia''<ref>[http://septuagint.org/LXX/Exodus/22 Exodus 22:17 (LXX)]; note that for technical reasons, verse numbering in the Septuagint doesn't correspond exactly with the masoretic text</ref> - [[poison]]ers. Historically this passage has been translated into english using vague terminology, condemning ''[[witchcraft]]'' in general<ref>{{bibleverse||Exodus|22:18|}} (numbered as verse 17 in the [[New American Bible|NAB]], which follows Septuagint numbering)</ref>.
* [[Blasphemy]]<ref>{{bibleverse||Leviticus|24:10-16}}</ref>
* [[Blasphemy]]<ref>{{bibleverse||Leviticus|24:10-16}}</ref>
* [[Sabbath breaking]]<ref>{{bibleverse||Exodus|31:14|}}</ref><ref>{{bibleverse||Exodus|35:2|}}</ref><ref>{{bibleverse||Numbers|15:32-36|}}</ref>
* [[Sabbath breaking]]<ref>{{bibleverse||Exodus|31:14|}}</ref><ref>{{bibleverse||Exodus|35:2|}}</ref><ref>{{bibleverse||Numbers|15:32-36|}}</ref>

Revision as of 20:22, 4 April 2009

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According to the Torah (or Mosaic Law), these are the offenses which may merit the death penalty in a Jewish major court of 23 judges.

Religious practices

Sexual practices

  • Rape by a man of a betrothed woman in the countryside[17]
  • Being either participant in urban sexual activity, in which a betrothed woman consensually loses her virginity to a man[18]
  • Loss of virginity by a woman prior to marriage, to someone other than her husband[19]
  • Adultery with a married woman[20]. Sexual activity between a married man and an unmarried woman was not forbidden[21].
  • Marrying your wife's mother[22]
  • Certain forms of Incest, namely if it involves the father's wife or a daughter-in-law[23]. Other forms of incest receive lesser punishment; sexual activity with a sister/step-sister is given excommunication for a punishment[24]; if it involves a brother's wife or an uncle's wife it is just cursed[25]; and sexual activity with an aunt that is a blood relation is merely criticised[26].
  • Prostitution by the daughter of a priest[27]
  • Certain activities with a male (Hebrew: zakhar) involving what the masoretic text literally terms lay layings woman (Hebrew: tishkav mishkvei ishah)[28][29], and the Septuagint literally terms beds [verb] the woman's/wife's bed (Greek: koimethese koiten gynaikos)[30][31]; the gender of the target of the command is commonly understood to be male, but not explicitly stated. The correct translation and interpretation of this passage, and its implications for Homosexuality in Judaism, are controversial. Translations into english are wide-ranging[32][33]
  • Bestiality[34][35]

Miscellaneous

See also

Notes/References

  1. ^ Exodus 22:20
  2. ^ Leviticus 27:29
  3. ^ Leviticus 20:1–5
  4. ^ Numbers 25:1–9
  5. ^ Deuteronomy 13:1–10
  6. ^ Deuteronomy 17:2–7
  7. ^ 18:20–22
  8. ^ Leviticus 20:27
  9. ^ Leviticus 20:27 (LXX)
  10. ^ Exodus 22:18
  11. ^ Exodus 22:17 (LXX); note that for technical reasons, verse numbering in the Septuagint doesn't correspond exactly with the masoretic text
  12. ^ Exodus 22:18 (numbered as verse 17 in the NAB, which follows Septuagint numbering)
  13. ^ Leviticus 24:10–16
  14. ^ Exodus 31:14
  15. ^ Exodus 35:2
  16. ^ Numbers 15:32–36
  17. ^ Deuteronomy 22:25–27
  18. ^ Deuteronomy 22:23–24
  19. ^ Deuteronomy 22:13–21
  20. ^ Leviticus 20:10
  21. ^ [1]
  22. ^ Leviticus 20:14
  23. ^ Leviticus 20:11–12
  24. ^ Leviticus 20:17
  25. ^ Leviticus 20:20–21
  26. ^ Leviticus 20:19
  27. ^ Leviticus 21:9
  28. ^ Leviticus 20:13
  29. ^ Leviticus 18:22
  30. ^ Leviticus 18:22 (LXX)
  31. ^ Leviticus 20:13 (LXX)
  32. ^ Leviticus 20:13
  33. ^ Leviticus 18:22
  34. ^ Exodus 22:19
  35. ^ Leviticus 20:15–16
  36. ^ Genesis 9:6
  37. ^ Exodus 21:12–14
  38. ^ Leviticus 24:17–23
  39. ^ Numbers 35:9–34
  40. ^ Exodus 21:15
  41. ^ Exodus 21:17
  42. ^ Leviticus 20:9
  43. ^ Deuteronomy 21:18–21
  44. ^ Exodus 21:16
  45. ^ Deuteronomy 24:7
  46. ^ Exodus 21:28–32
  47. ^ Deuteronomy 17:8–13
  48. ^ Deuteronomy 19:15–21
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