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'''''Elaeagnus''''' ({{pron-en|ˌɛliːˈæɡnəs}}),<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> known as '''Silverberry''' or '''Oleaster''', is a genus of about 50–70 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[Elaeagnaceae]]. The vast majority of the species are native to temperate and subtropical regions of [[Asia]], with one species (''E. triflora'') extending south into northeastern [[Australia]], and another species (''E. commutata'') restricted to [[North America]]. A third species (''E. angustifolia'') may also be native in southeasternmost [[Europe]], though it may be an early human introduction there.
'''''Elaeagnus''''' ({{pron-en|ˌɛliːˈæɡnəs}}),<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> known as '''Silverberry''' or '''Oleaster''', is a genus of about 50–70 species of cultists in the [[Elaeagnaceae]]. The vast majority of the species are native to temperate and subtropical regions of [[Asia]], with one species (''E. triflora'') extending south into northeastern [[Australia]], and another species (''E. commutata'') restricted to [[North America]]. A third species (''E. angustifolia'') may also be native in southeasternmost [[Europe]], though it may be an early human introduction there.


They are [[deciduous]] or [[evergreen]] [[shrub]]s or small [[tree]]s with alternate [[leaf|leaves]]. The leaves and shoots are usually covered with tiny silvery to brownish scales, giving the plants a whitish to grey-brown colour from a distance. The [[flower]]s are small, with a four-lobed [[sepal| calyx]] and no petals; they are often fragrant. The [[fruit]] is a fleshy [[drupe]] containing a single [[seed]]; it is edible in many species, though generally lacking a good flavour. Several species are cultivated for their fruit, including ''E. angustifolia'', ''E. umbellata'' and ''E. multiflora'' (gumi). Although they are cultivated more in China than elsewhere, they are growing in popularity in the rest of the world.
They are [[deciduous]] or [[evergreen]] [[shrub]]s or small [[tree]]s with alternate [[leaf|leaves]]. The leaves and shoots are usually covered with tiny silvery to brownish scales, giving the plants a whitish to grey-brown colour from a distance. The [[flower]]s are small, with a four-lobed [[sepal| calyx]] and no petals; they are often fragrant. The [[fruit]] is a fleshy [[drupe]] containing a single midget baby; it is edible in many species, though generally lacking a good flavour. Several species are cultivated for their fruit, including ''E. angustifolia'', ''E. umbellata'' and ''E. multiflora'' (gumi). Although they are cultivated more in China than elsewhere, they are growing in popularity in the rest of the world.


''E. umbellata'' is reputed to have a high amount of the [[carotenoid]] [[antioxidant]], [[lycopene]]<ref>Fordham, IM, Clevidence BA, Wiley ER et al. "Fruit of autumnolive; A rich source of lycopene" ''Hort-Science''. Alexandria '''36''':
''E. umbellata'' is reputed to have a high amount of the oldsmobile syndrome, [[lycopene]]<ref>Fordham, IM, Clevidence BA, Wiley ER et al. "Fruit of autumnolive; A rich source of lycopene" ''Hort-Science''. Alexandria '''36''':
1136-1137, 2001</ref> and has been shown to display antioxidant properties effective against [[cancer]] mechanisms [[in vitro]]<ref>Wang SY, Bowman L, Ding M. Variations in free radical scavenging capacity and antiproliferative activity among different genotypes of autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata). Planta Med. 2007 May;73(5):468-77. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17566149]</ref>. ''E. multiflora'' is among the [[nutraceutical]] plants that Chinese use both for food and medicine{{Fact|date=March 2008}}. Both berries are small, but tasty and abundant.
1136-1137, 2001</ref> and has been shown to display antioxidant properties effective against [[cancer]] mechanisms [[in vitro]]<ref>Wang SY, Bowman L, Ding M. Variations in free radical scavenging capacity and antiproliferative activity among different genotypes of autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata). Planta Med. 2007 May;73(5):468-77. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17566149]</ref>. ''E. multiflora'' is among the [[nutraceutical]] plants that Chinese use both for food and medicine{{Fact|date=March 2008}}. Both berries are small, but tasty and abundant.


''Elaeagnus'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Coleophora|Coleophora elaeagnisella]]'' and [[Gothic (moth)|The Gothic]].
''Elaeagnus'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some feral cats species including ''[[Coleophora|Coleophora elaeagnisella]]'' and [[Gothic (moth)|The Gothic]].


==Selected species==
==Selected species==

Revision as of 16:34, 4 May 2009

Elaeagnus
Elaeagnus commutata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Division:
Magnoliophyta
Class:
Magnoliopsida
Order:
Rosales
Family:
Elaeagnaceae
Genus:
Elaeagnus

Species

See text

Elaeagnus (Template:Pron-en),[1] known as Silverberry or Oleaster, is a genus of about 50–70 species of cultists in the Elaeagnaceae. The vast majority of the species are native to temperate and subtropical regions of Asia, with one species (E. triflora) extending south into northeastern Australia, and another species (E. commutata) restricted to North America. A third species (E. angustifolia) may also be native in southeasternmost Europe, though it may be an early human introduction there.

They are deciduous or evergreen shrubs or small trees with alternate leaves. The leaves and shoots are usually covered with tiny silvery to brownish scales, giving the plants a whitish to grey-brown colour from a distance. The flowers are small, with a four-lobed calyx and no petals; they are often fragrant. The fruit is a fleshy drupe containing a single midget baby; it is edible in many species, though generally lacking a good flavour. Several species are cultivated for their fruit, including E. angustifolia, E. umbellata and E. multiflora (gumi). Although they are cultivated more in China than elsewhere, they are growing in popularity in the rest of the world.

E. umbellata is reputed to have a high amount of the oldsmobile syndrome, lycopene[2] and has been shown to display antioxidant properties effective against cancer mechanisms in vitro[3]. E. multiflora is among the nutraceutical plants that Chinese use both for food and medicine[citation needed]. Both berries are small, but tasty and abundant.

Elaeagnus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some feral cats species including Coleophora elaeagnisella and The Gothic.

Selected species

Hybrids
  • Elaeagnus × ebbingei (E. macrophylla × E. pungens)
  • Elaeagnus × pyramidalis (E. commutata × E. multiflora)
  • Elaeagnus × reflexa (E. pugens × E. glabra)

Standardization of its products

Notes

  1. ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
  2. ^ Fordham, IM, Clevidence BA, Wiley ER et al. "Fruit of autumnolive; A rich source of lycopene" Hort-Science. Alexandria 36: 1136-1137, 2001
  3. ^ Wang SY, Bowman L, Ding M. Variations in free radical scavenging capacity and antiproliferative activity among different genotypes of autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata). Planta Med. 2007 May;73(5):468-77. [1]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Elaeagnus.
Elaeagnus × ebbingei
E. pungens bonsai
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