Jump to content

Khanate of Nakhichevan: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Mursel (talk | contribs)
7,779 edits
first come to conclusion in tak then you can change
precisely, i see no talk from you, only revert like blind man
Line 13: Line 13:
|status = [[khanate]]
|status = [[khanate]]
}}
}}
The '''Khanate of Nakhichevan''' ({{lang-fa|خانات نخجوان}}) was a province<ref>{{cite web
The '''Khanate of Nakhichevan''' ({{lang-az|Naxçıvan xanlığı}}; {{lang-fa|خانات نخجوان}}) was a feudal state<ref>William Bayne Fisher, Peter Avery, Ilya Gershevitch, Gavin Hambly, Charles Melville. The Cambridge History of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic. Cambridge University Press, 1991. ISBN 0521200954, 9780521200950</ref> in the southern Caucasus, subordinate to the Persian Shahs, and named after its chief settlement, the town of [[Nakhchivan City|Nakhichivan]]. Its territory was similar to the present-day [[Nakhchivan|Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]], except that it extended further north (as far as [[Jermuk]] in present-day Armenia) but did not include [[Şərur|Sharur]] (the present-day Şərur and Sədərək districts of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic). <ref>Hewsen, Robert H., ''Armenia: A Historical Atlas'', (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001), map 149.</ref>
| last =Oberling
| first =P
| title =ĀYRĪMLŪ
| publisher =Encyclopedia Iranica
| url =http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/unicode/v3f2/v3f2a045.html
| accessdate = 2009-02-1 }}</ref> of [[Safavids|Persia]] from the 1604 to 1828. Its territory corresponded to most of the present-day [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]] and central parts of present-day [[Armenia]].<ref>Hewsen, Robert H. Armenia: a Historical Atlas. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001, map 149.</ref>


As a result of the Persian defeat in the last [[Russo-Persian War, 1826-1828|Russo-Persian War]], it was ceded to the [[Russian Empire]] in accordance with the [[Treaty of Turkmenchay]]. Immediately following this, the territories of the former [[Khanate of Erevan]] and Nakhichevan were joined to form the [[Armenian oblast]].
==History==
==History==


Initially the territory of Nakhichevan was part of [[Khanate of Erevan|Čoḵūr Saʿd]], but later came to be ruled by a separate khan.<ref>Bournoutian, George A. (1992). ''The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar Rule, 1795-1828.'' p. 32.</ref> Shortly after the capture of Erevan in 1604, [[Shah Abbas I|Shah ʿAbbās I]] appointed Maqṣud Sultan<ref name="iranica"/>, a leader of a Turkic<ref name="iranica"/> tribe named Kangarlu, described by J. M. Jouannin as “a small tribe established in Persian Armenia, on the shores of the [[Aras]]"<ref name="iranica"/> as governor of Nakhichevan.<ref name=iranica>{{cite web
Initially the territory of Nakhichevan was part of [[Khanate of Erevan|Čoḵūr Saʿd]], but later came to be ruled by a separate khan.<ref>Bournoutian, George A. (1992). ''The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar Rule, 1795-1828.'' p. 32.</ref> Shortly after the capture of Erevan in 1604, [[Shah Abbas I|Shah ʿAbbās I]] appointed Maqsud Sultan<ref name="iranica"/>, a leader of a Turkic<ref name="iranica"/> tribe named Kangarlu, described by J. M. Jouannin as “a small tribe established in [[Persian Armenia]], on the shores of the [[Aras]]"<ref name="iranica"/> as governor of Nakhichevan.<ref name=iranica>{{cite web
| last =Oberling
| last =Oberling
| first =P
| first =P
Line 33: Line 40:
| publisher =Encyclopedia Iranica
| publisher =Encyclopedia Iranica
| url =http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/unicode/sup/Abbasabad.html
| url =http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/unicode/sup/Abbasabad.html
| accessdate = 2009-02-01 }}</ref> conferred the rank of [[major-general]] of the Russian army and the title of campaign [[ataman]] of the Kangarly militia.<ref>{{ru icon}} Иванов Р. Н. Именем Союза Советских… Жизнь и гибель комбрига Нахичеванского. — М.: Герои Отечества, 2007.</ref>
| accessdate = 2009-02-01 }}</ref> conferred the rank of [[major-general]] of the Russian army and the title of campaign [[ataman]] of the Kangarlu militia. {{Fact|date=May 2009}}


==The abolition of the khanate==
==The abolition of the khanate==

In 1828 the khanates of Erivan and Nakhichivan were dissolved and their territories united to form the [[Armenian Oblast|Armenian Province]] ("Armianskaia Oblast"). In 1840 that province was dissolved and its territory incorporated into a larger new province, the [[Georgia-Imeretia Governorate]] ("Gruziia-Imeretiia"). This new division did not last long – in 1845 a vast new territory called the Caucasian Territory ("Kavkazskii Krai") or Caucasian Viceregency ("Kavkazskoe Namestnichestvo") was created, in which the former Armenian Province formed part of a subdivision named the [[Tiflis Governorate]]. In 1849 the [[Erivan Governorate]] was established, separate from the Tiflis Governorate. It included the territory of the former Nakhchivan khanate, which became the province's Nakhichevan [[uyezd]]. <ref>Hewsen, Robert H. Armenia: a Historical Atlas. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001, p173.</ref>

After the dissolution, the khans of Nakhichevan took the Russified surname Khan Nakhichevanski, and the men of its family traditionally entered the Russian public services, chiefly the army. The family remained very wealthy, were the biggest landowners in the district, and continued to exercise enormous influence over the rest of the Moslem community. <ref>Villari, Luigi. ''Fire and Sword in the Caucasus''. London: T. F. Unwin, 1906 ISBN 0-7007-1624-6 p. 266-268</ref> Six Khans Nakhchivanski became generals in the Russian [[tsarist]], [[Soviet]] and Iranian armies. Two sons of Ehsan khan - Ismail khan and Kalbali khan - were generals in the Russian army and were awarded [[Order of Saint George|orders of Saint-George]] IV degree for their actions in battle. A son of Kalbali khan, [[Huseyn Khan Nakhichevanski]], was a prominent Russian military commander and [[adjutant general]] of the Russian Emperor, and his nephews, Jamshid and Kalbali, were generals in the Soviet and Iranian armies respectively.<ref>{{ru icon}} Иванов Р. Н. Именем Союза Советских… Жизнь и гибель комбрига Нахичеванского. — М.: Герои Отечества, 2007.</ref>
After the dissolution, the khans of Nakhichevan took the Russified surname Khan Nakhichevanski, and the men of its family traditionally entered the Russian public services, chiefly the army. The family remained very wealthy, were the biggest landowners in the district, and continued to exercise enormous influence over the rest of the Moslem community. <ref>Villari, Luigi. ''Fire and Sword in the Caucasus''. London: T. F. Unwin, 1906 ISBN 0-7007-1624-6 p. 266-268</ref> Six Khans Nakhchivanski became generals in the Russian [[tsarist]], [[Soviet]] and Iranian armies. Two sons of Ehsan khan - Ismail khan and Kalbali khan - were generals in the Russian army and were awarded [[Order of Saint George|orders of Saint-George]] IV degree for their actions in battle. A son of Kalbali khan, [[Huseyn Khan Nakhichevanski]], was a prominent Russian military commander and [[adjutant general]] of the Russian Emperor, and his nephews, Jamshid and Kalbali, were generals in the Soviet and Iranian armies respectively.<ref>{{ru icon}} Иванов Р. Н. Именем Союза Советских… Жизнь и гибель комбрига Нахичеванского. — М.: Герои Отечества, 2007.</ref>


Revision as of 00:00, 3 June 2009

Khanate of Nakhichevan
1604–1828
"The Nakhichevan and Yerevan khanates, c.1800."
"The Nakhichevan and Yerevan khanates, c.1800."
Statuskhanate
CapitalNakhichevan
History 
• Established
1604
• Disestablished
1828

The Khanate of Nakhichevan (Persian: خانات نخجوان) was a province[1] of Persia from the 1604 to 1828. Its territory corresponded to most of the present-day Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and central parts of present-day Armenia.[2]

As a result of the Persian defeat in the last Russo-Persian War, it was ceded to the Russian Empire in accordance with the Treaty of Turkmenchay. Immediately following this, the territories of the former Khanate of Erevan and Nakhichevan were joined to form the Armenian oblast.

History

Initially the territory of Nakhichevan was part of Čoḵūr Saʿd, but later came to be ruled by a separate khan.[3] Shortly after the capture of Erevan in 1604, Shah ʿAbbās I appointed Maqsud Sultan[4], a leader of a Turkic[4] tribe named Kangarlu, described by J. M. Jouannin as “a small tribe established in Persian Armenia, on the shores of the Aras"[4] as governor of Nakhichevan.[4] Later that year, Ottoman forces threatened the area, Shah Abbas ordered Maqsud Sultan to evacuate the entire population of the Nakhichevan region (including the Armenians of Jolfa, who, in the following year, were transplanted to Isfahan) to Qaraja Dag (Arasbaran) and Dezmar. [4]. Persian rule was interrupted by Ottoman occupation between 1635-1636 and 1722-1736.

During the Russo-Persian War of 1804-1813, in 1808 Russian forces under general Gudovich briefly occupied Nakhichevan, but as a result of the Treaty of Gulistan it was returned to Persian control.[5]

During the Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828, in 1827 Abbas Mirza appointed Ehsan Khan Kangarlu as commander of Abbasabad, a fortress of strategic importance for the defense of the Nakhichevan khanate. [6] After heavy losses in an attempt to take the fortress by escalade on July 14, the Russians mounted a siege. Ehsan Khan secretly contacted the Russian commander, General Paskevich, and opened the gates of the fortress to him on 22 July 1827. With the Treaty of Turkmenchay, in 1828 the khanate became a Russian possession and Ehsan Khan was rewarded with the governorship,[6] conferred the rank of major-general of the Russian army and the title of campaign ataman of the Kangarlu militia. [citation needed]

The abolition of the khanate

After the dissolution, the khans of Nakhichevan took the Russified surname Khan Nakhichevanski, and the men of its family traditionally entered the Russian public services, chiefly the army. The family remained very wealthy, were the biggest landowners in the district, and continued to exercise enormous influence over the rest of the Moslem community. [7] Six Khans Nakhchivanski became generals in the Russian tsarist, Soviet and Iranian armies. Two sons of Ehsan khan - Ismail khan and Kalbali khan - were generals in the Russian army and were awarded orders of Saint-George IV degree for their actions in battle. A son of Kalbali khan, Huseyn Khan Nakhichevanski, was a prominent Russian military commander and adjutant general of the Russian Emperor, and his nephews, Jamshid and Kalbali, were generals in the Soviet and Iranian armies respectively.[8]

Rulers[9]

  • 1747-1787 - Heydargulu Khan
  • Haji Khan Kangarli
  • Rahim Khan
  • Aligulu Khan
  • Valigulu Khan
  • Abbasgulu Khan
  • Jafargulu Khan
  • 1787-1823 - Kalbali Khan
  • Abbasgulu Khan Kangarli
  • Mahammadbagir Khan
  • 1823-1828 - Ehsan Khan
  • 1828-1834 - Karim Khan Kangarli

Notes

  1. ^ Oberling, P. "ĀYRĪMLŪ". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2009-02-1. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  2. ^ Hewsen, Robert H. Armenia: a Historical Atlas. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001, map 149.
  3. ^ Bournoutian, George A. (1992). The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar Rule, 1795-1828. p. 32.
  4. ^ a b c d e Oberling, P. "Kangarlu". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  5. ^ Template:Ru icon Записки о службе генерал-фельдмаршала графа И. В. Гудовича, составленные им самим
  6. ^ a b Ekbal, Kamran. "ʿAbbāsābād (2)". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
  7. ^ Villari, Luigi. Fire and Sword in the Caucasus. London: T. F. Unwin, 1906 ISBN 0-7007-1624-6 p. 266-268
  8. ^ Template:Ru icon Иванов Р. Н. Именем Союза Советских… Жизнь и гибель комбрига Нахичеванского. — М.: Герои Отечества, 2007.
  9. ^ Azerbaijani Soviet Encyclopedia, Baku, 1983, vol. 7, p. 176

See also

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khanate_of_Nakhichevan&oldid=294057505"