Hello

For other uses, see hello (disambiguation).

"Hallo" redirects here. For other uses, see Hallo (disambiguation).

Hello is a salutation or greeting in the English language. Hello was recorded in dictionaries in 1883.

First use

Many stories date the first use of hello (with that spelling) to around the time of the invention of the telephone in 1876. It was, however, used in print in Roughing It by Mark Twain in 1872 (written between 1870 and 1871), so its first use must have predated the telephone:

A miner came out and said: 'Hello!'

An earlier use can be found back in the New York Tribune in 1848.

It was listed in dictionaries by 1883.

The word was extensively used in literature by the 1860s.

Etymology

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, hello is an alteration of hallo, hollo, which came from Old High German "halâ, holâ, emphatic imper[ative] of halôn, holôn to fetch, used esp[ecially] in hailing a ferryman." It also connects the development of hello to the influence of an earlier form, holla, whose origin is in the French holà (roughly, 'whoa there!', from French là 'there').

Telephone

The word hello has also been credited to Thomas Edison, specifically as a way to greet someone when answering the telephone; according to one source, he expressed his surprise with a misheard Hullo. Alexander Graham Bell initially used Ahoy (as used on ships) as a telephone greeting. However, in 1877, Edison wrote to T.B.A. David, the president of the Central District and Printing Telegraph Company of Pittsburgh:

Friend David, I do not think we shall need a call bell as Hello! can be heard 10 to 20 feet away. What you think? Edison - P.S. first cost of sender & receiver to manufacture is only $7.00.

By 1889, central telephone exchange operators were known as 'hello-girls' due to the association between the greeting and the telephone.

Hullo

Hello may also be derived from Hullo. Hullo was in use before hello and was used as a greeting and also an expression of surprise. Charles Dickens uses it in Chapter 8 of Oliver Twist in 1838 when Oliver meets the Artful Dodger:

Upon this, the boy crossed over; and walking close up to Oliver, said 'Hullo, my covey! What's the row?'

It was in use in both senses by the time Tom Brown's Schooldays was published in 1857 (although the book was set in the 1830s so it may have been in use by then):

• "'Hullo though,' says East, pulling up, and taking another look at Tom; 'this'll never do...'"
• "Hullo, Brown! where do you come from?"

Although much less common than it used to be, the word hullo is still in use, mainly in British English.

Hallo

Hello is alternatively thought to come from the word hallo (1840) via hollo (also holla, holloa, halloo, halloa). The definition of hollo is to shout or an exclamation originally shouted in a hunt when the quarry was spotted:

It is used by Samuel Taylor Coleridge's famous poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner written in 1798

And the good south wind still blew behind,

But no sweet bird did follow, Nor any day for food or play

Came to the mariners' hollo!

Hallo is also German, Norwegian and Dutch for Hello.

If I fly, Marcius,/Halloo me like a hare.

— Coriolanus (I.viii.7), William Shakespeare

Webster's dictionary from 1913 traces the etymology of holloa to the Old English halow and suggests: "Perhaps from ah + lo; compare Anglo Saxon ealā."

According to the American Heritage Dictionary, hallo is a modification of the obsolete holla (stop!), perhaps from Old French hola (ho, ho! + la, there, from Latin illac, that way). Hallo is also used by many famous authors like Enid Blyton. Example:"Hallo!", chorused the 600 children.

The Old English verb, hǽlan (1. wv/t1b 1 to heal, cure, save; greet, salute; gehǽl! Hosanna!), may be the ultimate origin of the word. Hǽlan is likely a cognate of German Heil and other similar words of Germanic origin.

Cognates

"Hello" is found as a loanword in many other languages. It is often often used when answering the telephone, or as an informal greeting.

Language	Cognate	Usage
Afrikaans	hallo
Arabic	allo?, Hala?, Marhaba?	when answering the telephone
Bengali	haelo!	when answering the telephone
Bulgarian	ало (alo)	when answering the telephone
Catalan	hola!	friendly (informal) greeting
Croatian	halo?	when answering the telephone
Dutch	hallo!
Finnish	haloo?	when answering the telephone
French	allô?	when answering the telephone
German	hallo!
Gujarati	hello!	when answering the telephone
Hungarian	helló!	friendly (informal) greeting
	halló!	when answering the telephone
Hebrew	הָלוֹ (hallo)	when answering the telephone
Kannada	halloa	when answering the telephone
Lithuanian	alio?	when answering the telephone
Macedonian	ало (alo)	when answering the telephone
Marathi	hello	when answering the telephone
Norwegian	hallo!
Portuguese	alô?	when answering the telephone
Romanian	alo	when answering the telephone
Russian	алло (allo), алё	when answering the telephone
Spanish	¡hola!	friendly (informal) greeting
	¿aló?	(Mexico) when answering the telephone
Swedish	hallå!
Tagalog	helo!
Turkish	alo!	when answering the telephone

"Hello, World" computer program

Main article: Hello world program

Students learning a new computer programming language will often begin by writing a "Hello, world!" program, which outputs that greeting to a display screen or printer. The widespread use of this tradition arose from an introductory chapter of the book The C Programming Language by Kernighan & Ritchie, which reused the following example taken from earlier memos by Brian Kernighan at Bell Labs:

"hello, world"

Controversy

In 1997, Leonso Canales Jr. from Kingsville, Texas convinced Kleberg County commissioners to designate "heaven-o" as the county's official greeting, on the grounds that the greeting "hello" contains the word "hell", and that the proposed alternative sounds more "positive". "Hello", however, is not etymologically related to "hell".

Perception of “Hello” in other nations

In some other nations, especially the ones that had little contact with foreigners at the time, Westerners were often viewed as people who constantly said “hello” and little else. Jung Chang describes this view as follows:

"In my mind... foreigners said ‘hello’ all the time, with an odd intonation.... When boys played ‘guerrilla warfare,’ which was their version of cowboys and Indians, the enemy side would have thorns glued onto their noses and say ‘hello’ all the time."

— Chang, Jung

Of course, in many other nations “hello” is no longer considered foreign, as evidenced by the number of people that have adopted it into their own language (as in French allô).

External links

• Hello in more than 800 languages
• OED online entry for hollo (Subscription)
• Merriam-Webster Dictionary: hollo, hullo