Jump to content

Jat Sikh: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
SmackBot (talk | contribs)
3,734,324 edits
m →‎Notable Jat-Sikhs: Date maintenance tags and general fixes
Undone ''vandalism'' by SIkh-history and reverted ti version by Information-Line
Tag: references removed
Line 14: Line 14:
<blockquote>"As has already been explained the virtues of the Jats are identical with those of the Sikhs, but the latter posses in a higher degree the ardent military spirit which had its origin in the warlike precepts of Govind Singh."
<blockquote>"As has already been explained the virtues of the Jats are identical with those of the Sikhs, but the latter posses in a higher degree the ardent military spirit which had its origin in the warlike precepts of Govind Singh."
<ref>Barstow, A.E., (Major, 2/11th Sikh Regiment-Late 15th Ludhiana Sikhs), The Sikhs: An Ethnology (revised at the request of the Government of India), reprinted by B.R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, India, 1985, p. 155, first published in 1928.</ref></blockquote>
<ref>Barstow, A.E., (Major, 2/11th Sikh Regiment-Late 15th Ludhiana Sikhs), The Sikhs: An Ethnology (revised at the request of the Government of India), reprinted by B.R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, India, 1985, p. 155, first published in 1928.</ref></blockquote>

Dr. Irfan Habib, Professor Emeritus, Aligarh Muslim University, argues that Sikhism did a lot to uplift<ref>http://www.punjabheritage.org/content/view/1163/31/ - Sikhism uplifted the social status of Jat community of Punjab says Irfan Habib</ref> the status of Jatts in general


==Jats Sikhs in The British Army==
==Jats Sikhs in The British Army==
Jatt Sikhs according to Major AE Barstow."<ref>Barstow, A.E., (Major, 2/11th Sikh Regiment-Late 15th Ludhiana Sikhs), The Sikhs: An Ethnology (revised at the request of the Government of India), reprinted by B.R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, India, 1985, pp. 62-63, first published in 1928.</ref> were very good soldiers, and due to the influence of Sikhism,<ref>Barstow, A.E., (Major, 2/11th Sikh Regiment-Late 15th Ludhiana Sikhs), The Sikhs: An Ethnology (revised at the request of the Government of India), reprinted by B.R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, India, 1985, pp. 155, first published in 1928.</ref> possessed more of a martial quality than their other non-Sikh Jat brethren. Barstow further comments, that due to their diet, fondness for wrestling (something encouraged and taught by Guru Angad<ref>http://www.panjabilok.net/faith/sikh/guruangad.htm</ref><ref>http://sikhism.about.com/od/angaddev/tp/Angad_Dev_Second_Guru.htm</ref> to the Sikh people) and weightlifting, they possessed good physical attributes for soldiery. Jatt Sikhs (alongside other Sikhs) were seen a good source for recruitment<ref name="Falcon">Falcon, R.W. (Captain, 4th Sikh Infantry, Punjab Frontier Force), Handbook on Sikhs: for the use of Regimental Officers, Printed at the Pioneer Press, Allahabad, India, 1896, pp. 64-65.</ref> according to R W Falcon. According to Captain A H Bingley they were particularly loyal soldiers<ref>Bingley, A.H. (Captain, 7th-Duke of Connaught's own Bengal Infantry, Handbook for the Indian Army: Sikhs, Compiled under the orders of the Government of India, Printed at the Government Central Printing Office, Simla, India, 1899, pp. 90-91, 11, 92.</ref> .
Jatt Sikhs according to Major AE Barstow."<ref>Barstow, A.E., (Major, 2/11th Sikh Regiment-Late 15th Ludhiana Sikhs), The Sikhs: An Ethnology (revised at the request of the Government of India), reprinted by B.R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, India, 1985, pp. 62-63, first published in 1928.</ref> were very good soldiers, and due to the influence of Sikhism,<ref>Barstow, A.E., (Major, 2/11th Sikh Regiment-Late 15th Ludhiana Sikhs), The Sikhs: An Ethnology (revised at the request of the Government of India), reprinted by B.R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, India, 1985, pp. 155, first published in 1928.</ref> possessed more of a martial quality than their other non-Sikh Jat brethren. Barstow further comments, that due to their diet, fondness for wrestling (something encouraged and taught by Guru Angad<ref>http://www.panjabilok.net/faith/sikh/guruangad.htm</ref><ref>http://sikhism.about.com/od/angaddev/tp/Angad_Dev_Second_Guru.htm</ref>) and weightlifting, they possessed good physical attributes for soldiery. Jatt Sikhs (alongside other Sikhs) were seen a good source for recruitment<ref name="Falcon">Falcon, R.W. (Captain, 4th Sikh Infantry, Punjab Frontier Force), Handbook on Sikhs: for the use of Regimental Officers, Printed at the Pioneer Press, Allahabad, India, 1896, pp. 64-65.</ref> according to R W Falcon. According to Captain A H Bingley they were particularly loyal soldiers<ref>Bingley, A.H. (Captain, 7th-Duke of Connaught's own Bengal Infantry, Handbook for the Indian Army: Sikhs, Compiled under the orders of the Government of India, Printed at the Government Central Printing Office, Simla, India, 1899, pp. 90-91, 11, 92.</ref> .


==Notable Jat-Sikhs==
==Notable Jat-Sikhs==
* [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] - the Jat-Sikh (possibly Sansi Caste<ref>Sir Lepel Griffin, Punjab Chiefs, Vol. 1, p 219"...and from Sansi the Sindhanwalias and the Sansis have a common descent. The Sansis were the theivish and degraded tribe [sic] and the house of Sindhanwalia naturally feeling ashamed of its Sansi name invented a romantic story to account for it. But the relationship between the nobles and the beggars, does not seem the less certain and if history of Maharaja Ranjit Singh is attentively considered it will appear that much his policy and many of his actions had the true Sansi complexion"</ref> caste<ref>The Sansis of Punjab; a Gypsy and De-notified Tribe of Rajput Origin, Maharaja Ranjit Singh- The Most Glorious Sansi, pp 13, By Sher Singh, 1926-, Published by , 1965, Original from the University of Michigan</ref><ref>Tribalism in India, pp 160, By Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya, Edition: illustrated, Published by Vikas, 1978, Original from the University of Michigan</ref><ref>Sociological Bulletin,pp 97, By Indian Sociological Society, Published by Indian Sociological Society., 1952</ref><ref>Indian Librarian edited by Sant Ram Bhatia,pp 220, Published by , 1964Item notes: v.19-21 1964-67, Original from the University of Michigan</ref><ref>The Sikhs in History, pp 92, By Sangat Singh, Edition: 2, Published by S. Singh, 1995, Original from the University of Michigan</ref><ref>Some Aspects of State and Society Under Ranjit Singh, pp 5 By Fauja Singh, Published by Master Publishers, 1981, Original from the University of Michigan</ref>)<ref>Preminder Singh Sandhawalia (1999). Noblemen and Kinsmen History of a Sikh Family: History of a Sikh Family. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. ISBN 8121509149</ref><ref>Jean-Marie Lafont, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lord of the Five Rivers. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002). </ref> Emperor of the [[Sikh empire]].
* [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] - the Jat-Sikh (possibly Sansi Caste<ref>Sir Lepel Griffin, Punjab Chiefs, Vol. 1, p 219"...and from Sansi the Sindhanwalias and the Sansis have a common descent. The Sansis were the theivish and degraded tribe [sic] and the house of Sindhanwalia naturally feeling ashamed of its Sansi name invented a romantic story to account for it. But the relationship between the nobles and the beggars, does not seem the less certain and if history of Maharaja Ranjit Singh is attentively considered it will appear that much his policy and many of his actions had the true Sansi complexion"</ref> caste<ref>The Sansis of Punjab; a Gypsy and De-notified Tribe of Rajput Origin, Maharaja Ranjit Singh- The Most Glorious Sansi, pp 13, By Sher Singh, 1926-, Published by , 1965, Original from the University of Michigan</ref><ref>Tribalism in India, pp 160, By Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya, Edition: illustrated, Published by Vikas, 1978, Original from the University of Michigan</ref><ref>Sociological Bulletin,pp 97, By Indian Sociological Society, Published by Indian Sociological Society., 1952</ref><ref>Indian Librarian edited by Sant Ram Bhatia,pp 220, Published by , 1964Item notes: v.19-21 1964-67, Original from the University of Michigan</ref><ref>The Sikhs in History, pp 92, By Sangat Singh, Edition: 2, Published by S. Singh, 1995, Original from the University of Michigan</ref><ref>Some Aspects of State and Society Under Ranjit Singh, pp 5 By Fauja Singh, Published by Master Publishers, 1981, Original from the University of Michigan</ref>)<ref>Preminder Singh Sandhawalia (1999). Noblemen and Kinsmen History of a Sikh Family: History of a Sikh Family. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. ISBN 8121509149</ref><ref>Jean-Marie Lafont, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lord of the Five Rivers. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002). </ref> Emperor of the [[Sikh empire]].
* [[Nirmaljeet Singh Sekhon]] - a [[Sekhon]] Jat-Sikh, the only [[Indian Air Force]] member to receive the [[Param Vir Chakra]], India's highest military decoration.<ref>http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/airforce/1971war/sbmirza.html</ref>
* [[Nirmaljeet Singh Sekhon]] - a [[Sekhon]] Jat-Sikh, the only [[Indian Air Force]] member to receive the [[Param Vir Chakra]], India's highest military decoration.<ref>http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/airforce/1971war/sbmirza.html</ref>
* [[Nawab Kapur Singh]] - the Jat-Sikh leader of Singhpur [[Misl]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}.
* [[Nawab Kapur Singh]] - the Jat-Sikh leader of Singhpur [[Misl]].
* [[KPS Gill]] - a Jat Sikh Police Officer nicknamed 'Supercop' for eradicating terrorism from Punjab.<ref>http://www.santabanta.com/cinema.asp?pid=28983</ref>
* [[KPS Gill]] - a Jat Sikh Police Officer nicknamed 'Supercop' for eradicating terrorism from Punjab.<ref>http://www.santabanta.com/cinema.asp?pid=28983</ref>
* [[Bhagat Singh]] - a Jat Indian freedom fighter of Sikh origin. Claimed by Bhai Randhir Singh to be a Sikh <ref>Singh, Sangat (1995). The Sikhs in History. S. Singh. ISBN 0964755505. "Bhagat Singh's last wish, that he be administered amrit, Sikh baptism, by a group of five including Bhai Randhir Singh was not fulfilled by the British"</ref>. Other documentation records him as an [[atheist]]<ref>http://www.marxists.org/archive/bhagat-singh/1930/10/05.htm</ref><ref> http://www.shahidbhagatsingh.org/</ref> .
* [[Bhagat Singh]] - a Jat Indian freedom fighter of Sikh origin. Claimed by Bhai Randhir Singh to be a Sikh <ref>Singh, Sangat (1995). The Sikhs in History. S. Singh. ISBN 0964755505. "Bhagat Singh's last wish, that he be administered amrit, Sikh baptism, by a group of five including Bhai Randhir Singh was not fulfilled by the British"</ref>. Other documentation records him as an [[atheist]]<ref>http://www.marxists.org/archive/bhagat-singh/1930/10/05.htm</ref><ref> http://www.shahidbhagatsingh.org/</ref> .
* [[Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon]] - a Jat-Sikh Indian freedom fighter.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}
* [[Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon]] - a Jat-Sikh Indian freedom fighter.
* [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]] ([[Sidhu#The Brars|Brar]] Jat) - leader of the [[Khalistan]] movement.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}
* [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]] ([[Sidhu#The Brars|Brar]] Jat) - leader of the [[Khalistan]] movement.
* [[Dharmendra]] Singh Deol - a [[Deol]] Jat-Sikh and award-winning Indian [[Bollywood]] film star who has appeared in more than 200 Bollywood films.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}
* [[Dharmendra]] Singh Deol - a [[Deol]] Jat-Sikh and award-winning Indian [[Bollywood]] film star who has appeared in more than 200 Bollywood films.


==See also==
==See also==
* For more on the ethnic group, which crosses religious boundaries, see [[Jat people]].
* [[Jat people]].


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 16:13, 29 July 2009

Jatt Sikh (also Jat Sikh) refers to a sub group of the Sikh ethnoreligious group from the Indian subcontinent. There are nearly 11 million Jatt Sikhs in South Asia[citation needed], mostly in Punjab, where they comprise 42.5% of the population.[citation needed]

History

Jatt-Sikhs are descended from mostly Hindu[1][2] and some , Buddhist [citation needed] and Muslim Jatts[citation needed] who converted to Sikhism.

Jatts started to follow the teachings of Guru Nanak in small numbers and this grew after[3][4] the formation of the Khalsa. They converted en masse to Sikhism from the time of Banda Singh Bahadur, and formed the vanguard of Sikh resistance against the Mughal Empire from the 18th century onwards.

At least 7 of the 12 Sikh Misls (Sikh confederacies) were led by Jatt-Sikhs.

Influence of Sikhism on Jatts

Jat Sikhs (as well as Sikhs in general) appeared to possess more of a martial streak then their non-Sikh brethren. The reason for this was summed up by Major A.E. Barstow as being due to the influence of Sikhism.

"As has already been explained the virtues of the Jats are identical with those of the Sikhs, but the latter posses in a higher degree the ardent military spirit which had its origin in the warlike precepts of Govind Singh." [5]

Jats Sikhs in The British Army

Jatt Sikhs according to Major AE Barstow."[6] were very good soldiers, and due to the influence of Sikhism,[7] possessed more of a martial quality than their other non-Sikh Jat brethren. Barstow further comments, that due to their diet, fondness for wrestling (something encouraged and taught by Guru Angad[8][9]) and weightlifting, they possessed good physical attributes for soldiery. Jatt Sikhs (alongside other Sikhs) were seen a good source for recruitment[10] according to R W Falcon. According to Captain A H Bingley they were particularly loyal soldiers[11] .

Notable Jat-Sikhs

See also

  • For more on the ethnic group, which crosses religious boundaries, see Jat people.

References

  1. ^ The transformation of Sikh society‎ - Page 92 by Ethne K. Marenco - The gazetteer also describes the relation of the Jat Sikhs to the Jat Hindus ...to 2019 in 1911 is attributed to the conversion of Jat Hindus to Sikhism. ...
  2. ^ Social philosophy and social transformation of Sikhs‎ by R. N. Singh (Ph. D.) Page 130 - The decrease of Jat Hindus from 16843 in 1881 to 2019 in 1911 is attributed to the conversion of Jat Hindus to Sikhism. ...
  3. ^ The Sikh Revolution By Jagjit Singh ISBN 8188306002 page 205 onwards
  4. ^ Perspectives on Sikh Studies and The Development of Sikh Militarisation by Jagjit Singh Page 92 onwards courtesy http://www.globalsikhstudies.net/pdf/per-sikh-studies.pdf
  5. ^ Barstow, A.E., (Major, 2/11th Sikh Regiment-Late 15th Ludhiana Sikhs), The Sikhs: An Ethnology (revised at the request of the Government of India), reprinted by B.R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, India, 1985, p. 155, first published in 1928.
  6. ^ Barstow, A.E., (Major, 2/11th Sikh Regiment-Late 15th Ludhiana Sikhs), The Sikhs: An Ethnology (revised at the request of the Government of India), reprinted by B.R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, India, 1985, pp. 62-63, first published in 1928.
  7. ^ Barstow, A.E., (Major, 2/11th Sikh Regiment-Late 15th Ludhiana Sikhs), The Sikhs: An Ethnology (revised at the request of the Government of India), reprinted by B.R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, India, 1985, pp. 155, first published in 1928.
  8. ^ http://www.panjabilok.net/faith/sikh/guruangad.htm
  9. ^ http://sikhism.about.com/od/angaddev/tp/Angad_Dev_Second_Guru.htm
  10. ^ Falcon, R.W. (Captain, 4th Sikh Infantry, Punjab Frontier Force), Handbook on Sikhs: for the use of Regimental Officers, Printed at the Pioneer Press, Allahabad, India, 1896, pp. 64-65.
  11. ^ Bingley, A.H. (Captain, 7th-Duke of Connaught's own Bengal Infantry, Handbook for the Indian Army: Sikhs, Compiled under the orders of the Government of India, Printed at the Government Central Printing Office, Simla, India, 1899, pp. 90-91, 11, 92.
  12. ^ Sir Lepel Griffin, Punjab Chiefs, Vol. 1, p 219"...and from Sansi the Sindhanwalias and the Sansis have a common descent. The Sansis were the theivish and degraded tribe [sic] and the house of Sindhanwalia naturally feeling ashamed of its Sansi name invented a romantic story to account for it. But the relationship between the nobles and the beggars, does not seem the less certain and if history of Maharaja Ranjit Singh is attentively considered it will appear that much his policy and many of his actions had the true Sansi complexion"
  13. ^ The Sansis of Punjab; a Gypsy and De-notified Tribe of Rajput Origin, Maharaja Ranjit Singh- The Most Glorious Sansi, pp 13, By Sher Singh, 1926-, Published by , 1965, Original from the University of Michigan
  14. ^ Tribalism in India, pp 160, By Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya, Edition: illustrated, Published by Vikas, 1978, Original from the University of Michigan
  15. ^ Sociological Bulletin,pp 97, By Indian Sociological Society, Published by Indian Sociological Society., 1952
  16. ^ Indian Librarian edited by Sant Ram Bhatia,pp 220, Published by , 1964Item notes: v.19-21 1964-67, Original from the University of Michigan
  17. ^ The Sikhs in History, pp 92, By Sangat Singh, Edition: 2, Published by S. Singh, 1995, Original from the University of Michigan
  18. ^ Some Aspects of State and Society Under Ranjit Singh, pp 5 By Fauja Singh, Published by Master Publishers, 1981, Original from the University of Michigan
  19. ^ Preminder Singh Sandhawalia (1999). Noblemen and Kinsmen History of a Sikh Family: History of a Sikh Family. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. ISBN 8121509149
  20. ^ Jean-Marie Lafont, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lord of the Five Rivers. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).
  21. ^ http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/airforce/1971war/sbmirza.html
  22. ^ http://www.santabanta.com/cinema.asp?pid=28983
  23. ^ Singh, Sangat (1995). The Sikhs in History. S. Singh. ISBN 0964755505. "Bhagat Singh's last wish, that he be administered amrit, Sikh baptism, by a group of five including Bhai Randhir Singh was not fulfilled by the British"
  24. ^ http://www.marxists.org/archive/bhagat-singh/1930/10/05.htm
  25. ^ http://www.shahidbhagatsingh.org/
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jat_Sikh&oldid=304902665"