Jack of all trades

"Jack of all trades, master of none" is a figure of speech used in reference to a Generalist, a person, that is competent with many skills but is not outstanding in any particular one.

Ultimately, a Jack of all trades may be a master of integration, as such an individual knows enough from many learned trades and skills to be able to bring their disciplines together in a practical manner, and is not a specialist. Such a person is known as a polymath or a Renaissance man, and a typical example is someone like Leonardo da Vinci.

In 1612, the phrase appeared in 'Essays and Characters of a Prison' by Geffray Mynshul and the phrase has been in use in the United States since 1721.

The 'jack of all trades' part of the phrase was in common use during the 1600s and was generally used as a term of praise. 'Jack' in those days was a generic term for 'man'. Later the 'master of none' was added and the expression ceased to be very flattering. Today, the phrase used in its entirety generally describes a person whose knowledge, while covering a number of areas, is superficial in all of them, whilst when abbreviated as simply 'jack of all trades' is more ambiguous and the user's intention may vary, dependent on context.

In other languages

• Chinese
  • Mandarin (Simplified): 门门懂,样样瘟. ("All trades known, all trades dull")
  • Mandarin (Traditional): 門門懂,樣樣瘟. ("All trades known, all trades dull")
  • Cantonese: 周身刀,無張利. ("Surrounded by knives, none are sharp")

• Spanish
  • Spain: Todero, Aprendiz de todo, maestro de nada ("apprentice of everything, master of nothing").

• • Mexico: a todo le tiras, y a nada le pegas (You shoot for everything, but you hit nothing).

• German: Hansdampf in allen Gassen.

• Brazilian Portuguese: pau para toda obra (literally, "wood for every construction") is also commonly used, but with a positive connotation, describing someone who is able and willing to serve many tasks (with enough competence).

• Lithuanian: devyni amatai – dešimtas badas ("when you have nine trades, then your tenth one is famine/starvation"), there is also a term Barbė šimtadarbė (Barbie with hundred professions).

• Estonian: üheksa ametit, kümnes nälg (nine trades, the tenth one - starvation).

• Greek: Πολυτεχνίτης και ερημοσπίτης (he who knows a lot of crafts lives in an empty house"; the empty house – without a spouse and children – implies poverty and lack of prosperity).

• Arabic: صاحب بالين كداب (the one who think of two things is a lair).

• Elizabethan English: the synonymous quasi-New Latin term Johannes factotum ("Johnny do-it-all") was sometimes used, with the same negative connotation that "Jack of all trades" sometimes has today. The term was famously used by Robert Greene in the earliest surviving published reference to William Shakespeare.

• Urdu: ' ("ھر فن مولا").

• Russian: "Мастер на все руки" (the one who is highly skilled (or just talanted) in many areas). It is used only as a term of praise.