2009 New Zealand child discipline referendum

The New Zealand corporal punishment referendum, 2009 was held in New Zealand from 31 July to 21 August, and was a citizens-initiated referendum on parental corporal punishment. It asked:

"Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand?"

Background

The petition for the referendum was launched in February 2007 in response to the "anti-smacking" bill then before Parliament to amend Section 59 of the Crimes Act, removing discipline as a defence for assault against children. The petition was organised by Sheryl Savill with support from Kiwi Party's Larry Baldock. The wording of the petition was approved by Clerk of the House David McGee on 21 February 2007.

The bill, introduced by Sue Bradford, was passed in Parliament with 113 votes to 7 on 16 May 2007. Meanwhile organisations and individuals led by Larry Baldock continued to collect signatures to initiate a referendum. They fell short by about 15,500 signatures (many were invalid), and they were granted two further months to make up the difference. Eventually the petition attracted 310,000 signatures from voters, surpassing the 285,000 signatures, or 10 percent of total voters, required to force a referendum.

In June 2008, then Prime Minister Helen Clark announced that the referendum would not take place alongside the 2008 election as the organisers had been hoping. The decision was based on advice from the Chief Electoral Officer that holding such a referendum could lead to voter confusion. Instead, a postal ballot was selected, starting 30 July 2009 for eligible voters and closing on 21 August 2009.

Prime Minister John Key said that the government would change the law if it was not working, but that he believed the current law is working well.

Criticism of the question

The wording of citizens-initiated referendum questions is ultimately the responsibility of the Clerk of the House. The final wording of this question was decided by David McGee on 21 February 2007. Under the referendum legislation, the wording of the question is required to "convey clearly the purpose and effect" of the referendum.

[The question] "could have been written by Dr Seuss – this isn't Green Eggs and Ham, this is yes means no and no means yes, but we're all meant to understand what the referendum means. I think it's ridiculous myself."

— Prime Minister John Key,

The referendum question was interpreted by some to imply that "a smack" can form part of "good parental correction". However this interpretation was not universally held, making the referendum a loaded question, and drawing broad criticism along these lines. Murray Edridge, Chief Executive of Barnardos New Zealand, noted that the question "presupposes that smacking is part of good parental correction" which he described as "a debatable issue". Prime Minister Key described the question as "ambiguous" and pointed out that it "could be read a number of different ways". Leader of the Opposition Phil Goff expressed concern that the question "implies that if you vote 'yes' that [sic] you're in favour of criminal sanctions being taken against reasonable parents — actually nobody believes that."

Both John Key and Phil Goff stated that they did not intend to vote in the referendum, with Key calling the question "ridiculous". The Prime Minister believes turnout will be low.

Sue Bradford has introduced a private member's bill designed to prevent future citizens-initiated referenda from having poorly worded questions, and the government is currently considering adopting it. The Citizens Initiated Referenda (Wording of Questions) Amendment member's bill is to ensure this better wording in referendums.

The "yes" campaign

Most front-line child welfare organisations, such as Plunket, Barnardos, Save the Children, Unicef, Women's Refuge, CPAG, Epoch and Jigsaw, believed the referendum question was misleading, and encouraged their supporters to vote "yes". These organisations, along with many others, are backing "The Yes Vote" campaign. Māori Party co-leader Pita Sharples and Green Party co-leader Russel Norman want the current law retained, with Norman adding he would vote Yes.

The "no" campaign

A "Vote NO" campaign emerged on 22 June with the launch of their website. The campaign was supported by Simon Barnett. ACT leader Rodney Hide said he would vote no, believing parents have the right to lightly smack their children. Family First and The Kiwi Party also supported the referendum.

Interpretation problems

Sue Bradford's bill to reform referendum questions raised questions about interpretation of the 2009 referendum. She wrote:

An example of an approved referendum question that is both leading and misleading is the NZ Referendum on Child Discipline 2009 proposed by Larry Baldock.

The question approved for that referendum "Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand?" is leading in that the use of the word "good" before "parental correction" makes a value-judgment which predetermines the answer. People answering the question will be drawn to answer "no" on the basis that what is "good" cannot be criminal.

Caritas Aotearoa New Zealand has made this argument:

Mr Smith says the upcoming referendum will not provide clarity on the question of child discipline, because it is possible to support the 2007 amendment while voting either Yes or No to the referendum question: Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand?

However, Caritas recognises that in the political context of the referendum, a 'Yes' vote is seen to be a vote for the status quo, while a 'No' vote is seen to be a vote against the 2007 amendment.

"In this context, we recommend a 'Yes' vote, as we believe the status quo is close to the position that we recommended to the Select Committee. However, the wording of the question is so ambiguous, many New Zealanders who support efforts to reduce violence against children, may in good conscience still feel obliged to vote 'No'. It will be hard to understand what the outcome of the referendum may mean," says Mr Smith.

He says Caritas will be writing to the Prime Minister and other relevant politicians, expressing concern that the ambiguous nature of the question will result in an outcome that cannot be understood as either supporting or opposing the 2007 amendment.

Results

Nationwide

New Zealand citizens-initiated referendum, 2009

Choice	Votes	%
No	1,470,755	87.40
Yes	201,541	11.98
Invalid or blank votes	12,106	0.72
Total votes	1,684,402	100.00
Registered voters/turnout	3,002,968	56.09

By electoral division

Electorate	Yes Y		No N		Informal votes		Total valid votes	Invalid votes	Electors on Roll	Turnout
Total	11.98%	201,541	87.40%	1,470,755	10,421	0.62%	1,684,402	1,685	3,002,968	56.09%
Auckland Central	28.84%	5,537	70.12%	13,463	1.04%	200	19,200	14	44,153	43.52%

Aftermath

Government response

Prime Minister John Key promised to bring forward the planned review of the law.

John Boscawen's private member's bill

By coincidence, Government coalition and ACT MP John Boscawen had a private member's bill legalising smacking drawn from the ballot less than a week after the referendum. Prime Minister John Key said his National Party would vote it down, with the Labour Party and Green Party also opposed making it likely to be lost after the first reading debate of the bill.

Binding referendum planned

Dissatisfied with the government's response, the Kiwi Party is planning another referendum to make referendums legally binding.

Public protesting

A protest against Prime Minister John Key's response to the referendum is planned for Saturday, November 21st at 1.30pm, which will go from Auckland, down Queen Street Britomart Transport Centre down Queen Street, Auckland to the Auckland Town Hall

Opinion polls

Source	Date	Sample	YYes	NNo	Dont know/won't vote
TVNZ/Colmar Brunton	3 August 2009	1000	13%	83%	5%

See also

• Crimes Act 1961, the Act that was amended
• Corporal punishment in the home

External links

• Elections New Zealand - 2009 Citizens Initiated Referendum
• The Yes Vote campaign
• The Vote No campaign