List of earthquakes in California: Difference between revisions
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| <ref>[http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/states/events/1986_07_08.php ''Historic earthquakes - North Palm Springs, California ''] ''USGS''</ref><ref>[http://www.data.scec.org/chrono_index/npalmspr.html ''SCEDC - North Palm Springs Earthquake (1986)'']</ref> |
| <ref>[http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/states/events/1986_07_08.php ''Historic earthquakes - North Palm Springs, California ''] ''USGS''</ref><ref>[http://www.data.scec.org/chrono_index/npalmspr.html ''SCEDC - North Palm Springs Earthquake (1986)'']</ref> |
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| [[Oceanside, California|Oceanside]] |
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| 1986 Oceanside earthquake |
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| <ref>[http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/78/6/1885]</ref> |
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Revision as of 06:52, 3 March 2010
Earthquakes in California are common occurrences as the state is located on the San Andreas Fault, which cuts across California and forms the tectonic boundary between the Pacific and the North American Plate. There are many thousands of small earthquakes per year, most of them are so small that they are not felt. [1] California's complex and interesting landscape can be attributed to the network of faulting that runs underneath the state. The earliest reported earthquake in California was felt in 1769 by the Portola expedition about 30 miles southeast of Los Angeles, probably near the San Andreas Fault. [2] [3]
History
California has hundreds of active faults located throughout the state that are capable of producing large earthquakes. The most active fault is the San Jacinto Fault in Southern California, which has produced large events on a regular basis throughout recent history. The Mendocino Triple Junction located offshore of Northern California is also very active, producing several earthquakes above magnitude 7 throughout history. [4] Northern California is also subject to megathrust earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone (extending north from Mendocino), such as the 1700 Cascadia earthquake, magnitude of approximately 9. The town of Parkfield in central California is located on a section of the San Andreas Fault that produces an earthquake of about magnitude 6 every 20-30 years on average in 1857, 1881, 1901, 1922, 1934, 1966 and 2004.[5]
The largest recorded earthquake in California was the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake, with an estimated magnitude of 7.9. This earthquake ruptured the San Andreas Fault from Parkfield to Wrightwood, a distance of 225 miles (350 km). The most destructive earthquake to date was the 7.8 magnitude 1906 San Francisco earthquake, in which over 3000 people perished in the earthquake and the fires that followed. The 1906 quake ruptured the northern segment of the San Andreas Fault for 296 miles (477 km), from San Juan Bautista to near Cape Mendocino in the north.[6] More recently, the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, which affected the San Francisco bay area, [7] and the 1994 Northridge earthquake which hit the Greater Los Angeles area, [8] caused widespread damage and deaths in their respective regions.
List of earthquakes in California
Preparedness
Today, there are ways to protect and prepare possible sites of earthquakes from severe damage, through the following processes: Earthquake engineering, Earthquake preparedness, Household seismic safety, Seismic retrofit (including special fasteners, materials, and techniques), Seismic hazard, Mitigation of seismic motion, and Earthquake prediction.
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and California Institute of Technology (Caltech) provide public education to California. They hope to provide "public education about seismic hazards and methods of reducing or preventing seismic disaster damage." The California Earthquake Authority outlined the risks earthquakes pose to California and measures households can take to "Quake Safe" their house. Putting Down Roots in Earthquake Country and Dare To Prepare are some of the Earthquake Readiness Campaigns.
Putting Down Roots in Earthquake Country
Is a popular 32-page earthquake science and preparedness handbook was first published in 1995 by the SCEC. [51]
See also
References
- ^ "Geology in California". data source. Retrieved 2009-03-17.
- ^ "Earthquake History for California". Info from USGS. Retrieved 2009-03-17.
- ^ "Earthquake Facts". data from USGS. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
- ^ Mendocino Triple Junction Offshore Northern California
- ^ The Parkfield, California, Earthquake Experiment USGS
- ^ The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake USGS
- ^ "October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake". data from USGS. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
- ^ "January 17, 1994 Northridge, CA Earthquake". Retrieved 2009-03-18.
- ^ Historic earthquakes - Southwest of San Bernadino County, California USGS
- ^ a b SCEDC Wrightwood Earthquake (1812)
- ^ Historic earthquakes - West of Ventura, California USGS
- ^ Historic earthquakes - San Francisco area, California USGS
- ^ Historic earthquakes - Santa Cruz Mountains, California USGS
- ^ Historic earthquakes - Vacaville, California USGS
- ^ Historic earthquakes - Winters, California USGS
- ^ Historic earthquakes - San Jacinto, California USGS
- ^ SCEDC San Jacinto Fault Earthquake (1899)
- ^ Historic Earthquakes San Jacinto, California USGS
- ^ SCEDC - Imperial Valley Earthquake (1915)
- ^ Historic Earthquakes San Jacinto, California USGS
- ^ SCEDC - San Jacinto Earthquake (1918)
- ^ Historic Earthquakes - Off the coast of Humboldt County, California USGS
- ^ Historic earthquakes - Santa Barbara, California USGS
- ^ SCEDC Santa Barbara earthquake (1925)
- ^ Historic Earthquakes - Eureka, California USGS
- ^ Historic earthquakes - Imperial Valley, California USGS
- ^ SCEDC - Imperial Valley earthquake (1940)
- ^ SCEDC - Fish Creek Mountains Earthquake (1942)
- ^ SCEDC - Manix Earthquake (1947)
- ^ SCEDC - San Jacinto Fault Earthquake (1954)
- ^ Historic Earthquakes - Eureka, California USGS
- ^ Historic Earthquakes - Daly City, California USGS
- ^ SCEDC - Borrego Mountain EarthquakeSCEDC
- ^ Historic Earthquakes - Imperial Valley, Mexico-California Border USGS
- ^ Historic Earthquakes - North of Livermore Valley, California USGS
- ^ Historic Earthquakes - Off the coast of Humboldt County, California USGS
- ^ Historic earthquakes - North Palm Springs, California USGS
- ^ SCEDC - North Palm Springs Earthquake (1986)
- ^ [1]
- ^ Historic Earthquakes - Chalfant Valley, California USGS
- ^ a b Historic earthquakes - West of Westmorland, California USGS
- ^ a b SCEDC - Elmore Ranch and Superstition Hills Earthquakes
- ^ SCEDC - Sierra Madre Earthquake (1991)
- ^ Historic Earthquakes - Southern California USGS
- ^ SCEDC - Joshua Tree Earthquake (1992)
- ^ Cape Mendocino, California earthquakes USGS
- ^ CISN: M5.2 near Anza California Integrated Seismic Network
- ^ CISN: M4.9 near Yucaipa California Integrated Seismic Network
- ^ Magnitude 6.5 - OFFSHORE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA USGS
- ^ Magnitude 5.9 - OFFSHORE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA USGS
- ^ "Putting Down Roots in Earthquake Country". Retrieved 2009-03-17.
External links
- U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park Northern California - USGS
- University of California, Berkeley Northern California - UCB
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pasadena Southern California - USGS
- California Institute of Technology Southern California - Caltech
- University of California, San Diego Southern California - UCSD
- Southern California Earthquake Data Center
- The Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC)
- Putting Down Roots in Earthquake Country An Earthquake Science and Preparedness Handbook produced by SCEC
- Recent earthquakes in California and Nevada
- UCSD Broadband Seismic Data Collection Center - small localized broadband seismic network monitoring the San Jacinto and San Andreas fault zones, located in Southern California