List of human cell types: Difference between revisions
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Cell types can be classified by their tissue of origin. However, it is possible for some cells to have their behavior induced by surrounding tissue. |
Cell types can be classified by their tissue of origin. However, it is possible for some cells to have their behavior induced by surrounding tissue. |
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==Cells that are derived primarily from endoderm== |
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=== Gland cells === |
=== Gland cells === |
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====Exocrine secretory epithelial cells==== |
====Exocrine secretory epithelial cells==== |
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Revision as of 13:20, 1 July 2010
There are several hundred distinct human cell types [1], [2]. There are more than 100 trillion cells in the human body.
Cell types can be classified by their tissue of origin. However, it is possible for some cells to have their behavior induced by surrounding tissue.
Cells that are derived primarily from endoderm
Gland cells
Exocrine secretory epithelial cells
- Salivary gland mucous cell (polysaccharide-rich secretion)
- Salivary gland serous cell (glycoprotein enzyme-rich secretion)
- Von Ebner's gland cell in tongue (washes taste buds)
- Mammary gland cell (milk secretion)
- Lacrimal gland cell (tear secretion)
- Ceruminous gland cell in ear (wax secretion)
- Eccrine sweat gland dark cell (glycoprotein secretion)
- Eccrine sweat gland clear cell (small molecule secretion)
- Apocrine sweat gland cell (odoriferous secretion, sex-hormone sensitive)
- Gland of Moll cell in eyelid (specialized sweat gland)
- Sebaceous gland cell (lipid-rich sebum secretion)
- Bowman's gland cell in nose (washes olfactory epithelium)
- Brunner's gland cell in duodenum (enzymes and alkaline mucus)
- Seminal vesicle cell (secretes seminal fluid components, including fructose for swimming sperm)
- Prostate gland cell (secretes seminal fluid components)
- Bulbourethral gland cell (mucus secretion)
- Bartholin's gland cell (vaginal lubricant secretion)
- Gland of Littre cell (mucus secretion)
- Uterus endometrium cell (carbohydrate secretion)
- Isolated goblet cell of respiratory and digestive tracts (mucus secretion)
- Stomach lining mucous cell (mucus secretion)
- Gastric gland zymogenic cell (pepsinogen secretion)
- Gastric gland oxyntic cell (hydrochloric acid secretion)
- Pancreatic acinar cell (bicarbonate and digestive enzyme secretion)
- Paneth cell of small intestine (lysozyme secretion)
- Type II pneumocyte of lung (surfactant secretion)
- Clara cell of lung
Hormone secreting cells
- Anterior pituitary cells
- Intermediate pituitary cell, secreting melanocyte-stimulating hormone
- Magnocellular neurosecretory cells
- secreting oxytocin
- secreting vasopressin
- Gut and respiratory tract cells
- secreting serotonin
- secreting endorphin
- secreting somatostatin
- secreting gastrin
- secreting secretin
- secreting cholecystokinin
- secreting insulin
- secreting glucagon
- secreting bombesin
- Thyroid gland cells
- Parathyroid gland cells
- Adrenal gland cells
- chromaffin cells
- secreting steroid hormones (mineralcorticoids and gluco corticoids)
- Leydig cell of testes secreting testosterone
- Theca interna cell of ovarian follicle secreting estrogen
- Corpus luteum cell of ruptured ovarian follicle secreting progesterone
- Juxtaglomerular cell (renin secretion)
- Macula densa cell of kidney
- Peripolar cell of kidney
- Mesangial cell of kidney
Epithelial cells lining closed internal body cavities
- Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial fenestrated cell
- Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial continuous cell
- Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial splenic cell
- Synovial cell (lining joint cavities, hyaluronic acid secretion)
- Serosal cell (lining peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities)
- Squamous cell (lining perilymphatic space of ear)
- Squamous cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
- Columnar cell of endolymphatic sac with microvilli (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
- Columnar cell of endolymphatic sac without microvilli (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
- Dark cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
- Vestibular membrane cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
- Stria vascularis basal cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
- Stria vascularis marginal cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
- Cell of Claudius (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
- Cell of Boettcher (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
- Choroid plexus cell (cerebrospinal fluid secretion)
- Pia-arachnoid squamous cell
- Pigmented ciliary epithelium cell of eye
- Nonpigmented ciliary epithelium cell of eye
- Corneal endothelial cell
- Peg cell (of Fallopian tube)
Ciliated cells with propulsive function
- Respiratory tract ciliated cell
- Oviduct ciliated cell (in female)
- Uterine endometrial ciliated cell (in female)
- Rete testis ciliated cell (in male)
- Ductulus efferens ciliated cell (in male)
- Ciliated ependymal cell of central nervous system (lining brain cavities)
Derived primarily from ectoderm
Integumentary system
Keratinizing epithelial cells
- Epidermal keratinocyte (differentiating epidermal cell)
- Epidermal basal cell (stem cell)
- Keratinocyte of fingernails and toenails
- Nail bed basal cell (stem cell)
- Medullary hair shaft cell
- Cortical hair shaft cell
- Cuticular hair shaft cell
- Cuticular hair root sheath cell
- Hair root sheath cell of Huxley's layer
- Hair root sheath cell of Henle's layer
- External hair root sheath cell
- Hair matrix cell (stem cell)
Wet stratified barrier epithelial cells
- Surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina
- basal cell (stem cell) of epithelia of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina
- Urinary epithelium cell (lining urinary bladder and urinary ducts)
Nervous system
Sensory transducer cells
- Auditory inner hair cell of organ of Corti
- Auditory outer hair cell of organ of Corti
- Basal cell of olfactory epithelium (stem cell for olfactory neurons)
- Cold-sensitive primary sensory neurons
- Heat-sensitive primary sensory neurons
- Merkel cell of epidermis (touch sensor)
- Olfactory receptor neuron
- Pain-sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types)
- Photoreceptor cells of retina in eye:
- Proprioceptive primary sensory neurons (various types)
- Touch-sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types)
- Type I carotid body cell (blood pH sensor)
- Type II carotid body cell (blood pH sensor)
- Type I hair cell of vestibular apparatus of ear (acceleration and gravity)
- Type II hair cell of vestibular apparatus of ear (acceleration and gravity)
- Type I taste bud cell
Autonomic neuron cells
- Cholinergic neural cell (various types)
- Adrenergic neural cell (various types)
- Peptidergic neural cell (various types)
Sense organ and peripheral neuron supporting cells
- Inner pillar cell of organ of Corti
- Outer pillar cell of organ of Corti
- Inner phalangeal cell of organ of Corti
- Outer phalangeal cell of organ of Corti
- Border cell of organ of Corti
- Hensen cell of organ of Corti
- Vestibular apparatus supporting cell
- Taste bud supporting cell
- Olfactory epithelium supporting cell
- Schwann cell
- Satellite cell (encapsulating peripheral nerve cell bodies)
- Enteric glial cell
Central nervous system neurons and glial cells
- Astrocyte (various types)
- Neuron cells (large variety of types, still poorly classified)
- Oligodendrocyte
- Spindle neuron
Lens cells
Derived primarily from mesoderm
Metabolism and storage cells
- Hepatocyte (liver cell)
- Adipocytes:
- Liver lipocyte
Barrier function cells (Lung, Gut, Exocrine Glands and Urogenital Tract)
Kidney
- Kidney glomerulus parietal cell
- Kidney glomerulus podocyte
- Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell
- Loop of Henle thin segment cell
- Kidney distal tubule cell
- Kidney collecting duct cell
Other
- Type I pneumocyte (lining air space of lung)
- Pancreatic duct cell (centroacinar cell)
- Nonstriated duct cell (of sweat gland, salivary gland, mammary gland, etc.)
- Duct cell (of seminal vesicle, prostate gland, etc.)
- Intestinal brush border cell (with microvilli)
- Exocrine gland striated duct cell
- Gall bladder epithelial cell
- Ductulus efferens nonciliated cell
- Epididymal principal cell
- Epididymal basal cell
Extracellular matrix secretion cells
- Ameloblast epithelial cell (tooth enamel secretion)
- Planum semilunatum epithelial cell of vestibular apparatus of ear (proteoglycan secretion)
- Organ of Corti interdental epithelial cell (secreting tectorial membrane covering hair cells)
- Loose connective tissue fibroblasts
- Corneal fibroblasts (corneal keratocytes)
- Tendon fibroblasts
- Bone marrow reticular tissue fibroblasts
- Other nonepithelial fibroblasts
- Pericyte
- Nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc
- Cementoblast/cementocyte (tooth root bonelike cementum secretion)
- Odontoblast/odontocyte (tooth dentin secretion)
- Hyaline cartilage chondrocyte
- Fibrocartilage chondrocyte
- Elastic cartilage chondrocyte
- Osteoblast/osteocyte
- Osteoprogenitor cell (stem cell of osteoblasts)
- Hyalocyte of vitreous body of eye
- Stellate cell of perilymphatic space of ear
- Hepatic stellate cell (Ito cell)
- Pancreatic stellate cell
Contractile cells
- Skeletal muscle cells
- Satellite cell (stem cell)
- Heart muscle cells
- Ordinary heart muscle cell
- Nodal heart muscle cell
- Purkinje fiber cell
- Smooth muscle cell (various types)
- Myoepithelial cell of iris
- Myoepithelial cell of exocrine glands
Blood and immune system cells
- Erythrocyte (red blood cell)
- Megakaryocyte (platelet precursor)
- Monocyte
- Connective tissue macrophage (various types)
- Epidermal Langerhans cell
- Osteoclast (in bone)
- Dendritic cell (in lymphoid tissues)
- Microglial cell (in central nervous system)
- Neutrophil granulocyte
- Eosinophil granulocyte
- Basophil granulocyte
- Mast cell
- Helper T cell
- Suppressor T cell
- Cytotoxic T cell
- Natural Killer T cell
- B cell
- Natural killer cell
- Reticulocyte
- Stem cells and committed progenitors for the blood and immune system (various types)
Pigment cells
Germ cells
- Oogonium/Oocyte
- Spermatid
- Spermatocyte
- Spermatogonium cell (stem cell for spermatocyte)
- Spermatozoon
Nurse cells
- Ovarian follicle cell
- Sertoli cell (in testis)
- Thymus epithelial cell
Interstitial cells
References
- ^ Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fourth Edition, Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
- ^ Eukaryotic cell types in COPE database
External links
See also
Template:Human cell types derived primarily from endoderm Template:Human cell types derived primarily from mesoderm Template:Human cell types derived primarily from ectoderm