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== Invasive status ==
== Invasive status ==
''P. juliflora'' is considered a noxious invader in the [[Afar Region]] of [[Ethiopia]], where it was introduced in the late 1970s and early 1980s, as well as in Australia, where it has colonized more than 800,000 hectares of arable land. In the Afar region its aggressive growth leads to a monoculture, denying native plants water and sunlight, while denying its nutrients with the animals that eat its pods or its leaves. The Regional government with the [[non-governmental organisation]] [[FARM-Africa]] are looking for ways to commercialize the tree's wood, but pastoralists who call it the "Devil Tree" insist that ''P. juliflora'' be eradicated.<ref>Caroline Irby, [http://www.dankalia.com/ethiopia/tree.htm "Devil of a problem: the tree that's eating Africa"] (accessed 14 January 2009)</ref>
''P. juliflora'' is considered a noxious invader in the [[Afar Region]] of [[Ethiopia]], where it was introduced in the late 1970s and early 1980s, as well as in Australia, where it has colonized more than 800,000 hectares of arable land. In the Afar region its aggressive growth leads to a monoculture, denying native plants water and sunlight, while denying its nutrients with the animals that eat its pods or its leaves. The Regional government with the [[non-governmental organisation]] [[FARM-Africa]] are looking for ways to commercialize the tree's wood, but pastoralists who call it the "Devil Tree" insist that ''P. juliflora'' be eradicated.<ref>Caroline Irby, [http://www.dankalia.com/ethiopia/tree.htm "Devil of a problem: the tree that's eating Africa"] (accessed 14 January 2009)</ref>
its all things are wrong

mater chod lody


==Trivia==
==Trivia==

Revision as of 06:28, 27 July 2010

"Turpio" redirects here. For the ancient Roman actor, see Lucius Ambivius Turpio.

Prosopis juliflora
Young tree
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Division:
Magnoliophyta
Class:
Magnoliopsida
Subclass:
Rosidae
(unranked):
Eurosids I
Order:
Fabales
Family:
Fabaceae
Subfamily:
Mimosoideae
Tribe:
Mimoseae
Genus:
Prosopis
Species:
P. juliflora
Binomial name
Prosopis juliflora
(Sw.) DC.
Synonyms

Many, see text

Parts drawing from the 1880-1883 edition of Francisco Manuel Blanco's Flora de Filipinas.
Blanco already suspected that Prosopis vidaliana, described not long ago, was identical with bayahonda blanca.

Prosopis juliflora (Template:Lang-es) is a shrub or small tree native to Mexico, South America and the Caribbean. It has become established as a weed in Asia, Australia and elsewhere. Its uses include forage, wood and environmental management.[1] The tree grows to a height of up to 12 metres (39 ft) and has a trunk with a diameter of up to 1.2 metres (3.9 ft).[2] It's known to hold the record for depth of penetration by roots. Prosopis juliflora roots were found growing at a depth of 53.3 meters (nearly 175 feet) at an open-pit mine near Tucson, Arizona.[3]

Nomenclature

Vernacular names

Flowers & leaves in Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh, India.

This is a well-known plant in its native range as well as in India, having a range of vernacular names, although no widely used English one. It is called bayahonda blanca in Spanish and bayarone Français in French. Other similar names are also used, including bayahonde, bayahonda and bayarone but these may also refer to any other Neotropical member of the genus Prosopis.

The tree is known by a range of other names in various parts of the world, including algarrobe, cambrón, cashaw, épinard, mesquite or mostrenco. In Hindi it is called Kabuli kikar, vilayati babul, vilayati khejra, vilayati kikar or "angaraji babul". The first of these means "Kabul acacia". The "vilayati" and "angaraji" names mean they are of European origin/brought by Europeans. In Gujarati it is called Gando Baval. Many of the less-specific names are due to the fact that over large parts of its range, it is the most familiar and common species of Prosopis, and thus to locals simply "the" bayahonde, algarrobe, etc. "Velvet mesquite" is sometimes given as an English name, but properly refers to a different species, Prosopis velutina.[2] In Tamil, its known as "Cheemai Karuvel" cheemai is the Tamil word meaning foreign and Karu vel means "Black Neem".Its found widely throughout Tamil Nadu and is used for burning, and as barriers.

In the Wayuu language, spoken on the La Guajira Peninsula in northern Colombia and Venezuela, it is called trupillo or turpío.[4]

Synonyms

This plant has been described under a number of now-invalid scientific names:[1]

  • Acacia cumanensis Willd.
  • Acacia juliflora (Sw.) Willd.
  • Acacia salinarum (Vahl) DC.
  • Algarobia juliflora (Sw.) Heynh.
Algarobia juliflora as defined by George Bentham refers only to the typical variety, Prosopis juliflora var. juliflora (Sw.) DC
  • Desmanthus salinarum (Vahl) Steud.
  • Mimosa juliflora Sw.
  • Mimosa piliflora Sw.
  • Mimosa salinarum Vahl
  • Neltuma bakeri Britton & Rose
  • Neltuma juliflora (Sw.) Raf.
  • Neltuma occidenatlis Britton & Rose
  • Neltuma occidentalis Britton & Rose
  • Neltuma pallescens Britton & Rose
  • Prosopis bracteolata DC.
  • Prosopis cumanensis (Willd.) Kunth
  • Prosopis domingensis DC.
  • Prosopis dulcis Kunth var. domingensis (DC.)Benth.
Carl Sigismund Kunth's Prosopis dulcis is Prosopis laevigata. P. dulcis as described by William Jackson Hooker is Caldén (P. caldenia).

Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz was sometimes considered to belong here too, but it is usually considered a good species these days.[2] Several other authors misapplied P. chilensis to Honey Mesquite (P. glandulosa).[1]

Invasive status

P. juliflora is considered a noxious invader in the Afar Region of Ethiopia, where it was introduced in the late 1970s and early 1980s, as well as in Australia, where it has colonized more than 800,000 hectares of arable land. In the Afar region its aggressive growth leads to a monoculture, denying native plants water and sunlight, while denying its nutrients with the animals that eat its pods or its leaves. The Regional government with the non-governmental organisation FARM-Africa are looking for ways to commercialize the tree's wood, but pastoralists who call it the "Devil Tree" insist that P. juliflora be eradicated.[5]

Trivia

Prosopis juliflora shows unusual amount of the flavonoid (-)-mesquitol from its heartwood[6].

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c "Prosopis juliflora - ILDIS LegumeWeb". www.ildis.org. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
  2. ^ a b c "Prosopis juliflora". www.hort.purdue.edu. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
  3. ^ Raven, Peter H.; Evert, Ray F.; Eichhorn, Susan E., ed. (2005). "Chapter 24". Biology of Plants (7th Edition ed.). New York, USA: Freeman. pp. 528–546. ISBN 0-7167-1007-2. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |origmonth=, |month=, |chapterurl=, |origdate=, and |coauthors= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
  4. ^ Villalobos et al. (2007)
  5. ^ Caroline Irby, "Devil of a problem: the tree that's eating Africa" (accessed 14 January 2009)
  6. ^ Unusual amount of (-)-mesquitol from the heartwood of Prosopis juliflora. Sirmah Peter, Dumarcay Stephane, Masson Eric and Gerardin Philippe, Natural Product Research, Volume 23, Number 2, January 2009 , pp. 183-189

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Neltuma juliflora.
  • Duke, James A. (1983): Prosopis juliflora DC.. In: Handbook of Energy Crops. Purdue University Center for New Crops & Plant Products. Version of 1998-JAN-08. Retrieved 2008-MAR-19.
  • International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS) (2005): Prosopis juliflora. Version 10.01, November 2005. Retrieved 2007-DEC-20.
  • Villalobos, Soraya; Vargas, Orlando & Melo, Sandra (2007): Uso, manejo y conservacion de "yosú", Stenocereus griseus (Cactaceae) en la Alta Guajira colombiana [Usage, Management and Conservation of yosú, Stenocereus griseus (Cactaceae), in the Upper Guajira, Colombia]. [Spanish with English abstract] Acta Biologica Colombiana 12(1): 99-112. PDF fulltext
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