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- Muhamman Alwali dan Muhamman Yaji, 43rd Sarkin Kano 12/1781-3/1807 (42nd Sarkin according to Burke's), +(killed) 1807
- Muhamman Alwali dan Muhamman Yaji, 43rd Sarkin Kano 12/1781-3/1807 (42nd Sarkin according to Burke's), +(killed) 1807


Emirs of Kano:
'''Emirs of Kano:'''
- Sulaymanu dan Abahama, 1st Emir of Kano (44th Sarkin Kano) 3/1807-22/8/1819, +1819
- Sulaymanu dan Abahama, 1st Emir of Kano (44th Sarkin Kano) 3/1807-22/8/1819, +1819


Line 178: Line 178:
- THANKS TO NURA MUSA BAKO.
- THANKS TO NURA MUSA BAKO.


===Fulani conquest and rule===
==='''Fulani conquest and rule'''===


[[Image:Kano-engraving.jpg|left|200px|thumb|1850 [[steel engraving]] of Kano]]
[[Image:Kano-engraving.jpg|left|200px|thumb|1850 [[steel engraving]] of Kano]]
Line 209: Line 209:
Although the Emir has limited formal powers, he continues to exert considerable authority and provides leadership on issues such as the tension between Christians and Muslims in the city.<ref name=BBC164/>
Although the Emir has limited formal powers, he continues to exert considerable authority and provides leadership on issues such as the tension between Christians and Muslims in the city.<ref name=BBC164/>


==Emirs==
=='''Emirs'''==


===Emirs of Kano under Sokoto vassalage===
===Emirs of Kano under Sokoto vassalage===
Line 226: Line 226:
*Aliyu (ruled 1894-1903)
*Aliyu (ruled 1894-1903)


===Later Emirs ===
==='''Later Emirs''' ===
Emirs during and after the colonial period:<ref name=wstates/>
Emirs during and after the colonial period:<ref name=wstates/>
*[[Muhammad Abbas]] (ruled 1903-1919)
*[[Muhammad Abbas]] (ruled 1903-1919)

Revision as of 18:23, 26 September 2010

Emirate of Kano
Gate to the Gidan Rumfa, the Emir's palace
Gate to the Gidan Rumfa, the Emir's palace
Country Nigeria
EmirateKano Emirate
Government
 • EmirAdo Bayero

The Kano Emirate is a traditional state in Northern Nigeria with headquarters in the city of Kano, capital of the modern Kano State. The Emirate was formed in 1805 during the Fulani jihad, when the old Hausa kingdom of Kano became subject to the Sokoto Caliphate. During and after the colonial period the powers of emirate were steadily reduced.[1] Ado Bayero became the emir in 1963, and still has great influence, although subject to the government laws and political leaders.[2]

History

Hausa kingdom

The Hausa Kingdom of Kano was based on an ancient settlement of Dalla Hill. While small chiefdoms were previously present in the area, according to the Kano Chronicle, Bagauda, a grandson of the mythical hero Bayajidda,[3] became the first king of Kano in 999, reigning until 1063.[4][5] Muhammad Rumfa ascended to the throne in 1463 and reigned until 1499. During his reign he reformed the city, expanded the Sahelian Gidan Rumfa (Emir's Palace), and played a role in the further Islamization of the city as he urged prominent residents to convert.[6][7] The Hausa state remained independent until the Fulani conquest of 1805. BRIEF HISTORY OF KANO STATE KINGDOM: One of the oldest kingdoms of Africa created c998. Kano became vassal of Bornu in the 18th century. In 1807, the Fulbe Jihad killed the 42nd King and replaced his Habe dynasty with a new dynasty of Emirs. On 3/2/1903, Kano became part of the Northern Nigerian British protectorate. Today, the State of Kano with capital named also Kano.

QUALIFICATIONS AND TITLES: Head of the Family: HRH The Emir of Kano (Sarkin Kano) (Kano, Kano)

PRECEDENCE IN THE HOUSE OF CHIEFS: 4

HEAD OF THE FAMILY: HRH Alhaji Ado Bayero dan Abd Allahi Bayero, 13th Emir of Kano (56th Sarkin Kano) since 12/10/1963, Director of Gulf Bank of Nigeria plc, Amb of Nigeria to Senegal before 12/10/1963, 3rd Chancellor Univ of Ibadan 24/4/1976, CFR, hon LLD, JP, ?1930

PREDECESSORS: Kings of Kano (Sarkin Kano): - Bagauda, 1st Sarkin Kano 998-1063. Father of:

- Warisi, 2nd Sarkin Kano 1063-1095. Father of:

- Gijimasu, 3rd Sarkin Kano 1095-1133. Father of:

- Nawata, 4th Sarkin Kano 1133-1135. Brother of:

- Gawata, 5th Sarkin Kano 1133-1135. Brother of:

- Yusa, 6th Sarkin Kano 1135-1193. Father of:

- Naguji, 7th Sarkin Kano 1193-1247

- Gugua, 8th Sarkin Kano 1247-1290. Son of 3rd Sarkin Gijimasu

- Shekarau, 9th Sarkin Kano 1290-1306. Son of 6th Sarkin Yusa and father of:

- Tsamia, 10th Sarkin Kano 1306-1342. Brother of:

- Osumanu Zamnagawa, 11th Sarkin Kano 1342-1349

- Yaji I, 12th Sarkin Kano 1349-1385. Son of 10th Sarkin Tsamia and brother of:

- Bugaya, 13th Sarkin Kano 1385-1389

- Kanajeji, 14th Sarkin Kano 1389-1409. Son of 12th Sarkin Yaji I and father of:

- Umaru, 15th Sarkin Kano 1409-1421. Brother of:

- Dauda, 16th Sarkin Kano 1421-1437. Brother of:

- Abdullahi Burja, 17th Sarkin Kano 1437-1452. Father of:

- Dakauta, 18th Sarkin Kano 1452. Father of:

- Atuma, 19th Sarkin Kano 1452

- Yakuba, 20th Sarkin Kano 1452-1462. Son of 17th Sarkin Abdullahi Burja and father of:

- Muhamman Rimfa, 21st Sarkin Kano 1462-1498. Father of:

- Abdullahi, 22nd Sarkin Kano 1498-1508. Father of:

- Muhamman Kisocki, 23rd Sarkin Kano 1508-1564. Father of:

- Yakufu, 24th Sarkin Kano 1564-1565. Father of:

- Dauda Abasama I, 25th Sarkin Kano 1565

- Abdu Bakr Kado, 26th Sarkin Kano 1565-1572. Son of 21st Sarkin Muhamman Rimfa

- Muhamman Shashere, 27th Sarkin Kano 1572-1582. Son of 24th Sarkin Yakufu

- Muhamman Zaki, 28th Sarkin Kano 1582-1617. Son of 23rd Sarkin Muhamman Kisocki and father of:

- Muhamman Nazaki, 29th Sarkin Kano 1617-1622. Father of:

- Kutumbi, 30th Sarkin Kano 1622-1648. Father of:

- al Hajj, 31st Sarkin Kano 1648-1649. Father of:

- Shekkarau, 32nd Sarkin Kano 1649-1650. Brother of:

- Muhamman Kukuna, 33rd Sarkin Kano 1650-1651 and 1651-1659

- Soyaki, 34th Sarkin Kano 1651. Son of 32nd Sarkin Shekkarau

- Bawa, 35th Sarkin Kano 1659-1670. Son of 33rd Sarkin Muhamman Kukuna and father of:

- Muhamman Dadi dan Bawa, 36th Sarkin Kano 1670-5/1702. Father of:

- Muhamman Sharefa dan Muhamman Dadi, 37th Sarkin Kano 5/1702-7/1730. Father of:

- Muhamman Kumbari dan Muhamman Sharefa, 38th Sarkin Kano 7/1730-2/1743. Father of:

- al Hajj Kabe dan Muhamman Kumbari, 39th Sarkin Kano 2/1743-5/1753

- Muhamman Yaji II ibn Muhamman Dadi,40th Sarkin Kano 5/1753-5/1768. Son of 36th Sarkin Muhamman Dadi and father of:

- Babba Zaki dan Muhamman Yaji, 41st Sarkin Kano 5/1768-2/1776. Brother of:

- Dauda Abasama II dan Muhamman Yaji, 42nd Sarkin Kano 2/1776-12/1780. Brother of:

- Muhamman Alwali dan Muhamman Yaji, 43rd Sarkin Kano 12/1781-3/1807 (42nd Sarkin according to Burke's), +(killed) 1807

Emirs of Kano: - Sulaymanu dan Abahama, 1st Emir of Kano (44th Sarkin Kano) 3/1807-22/8/1819, +1819

- Ibrahim Dabo dan Muhamman Cigari (Town Conqueror), 2nd Emir of Kano (45th Sarkin Kano)21/9/1819-9/2/1846, +1846. Father of: - Uthman I dan Ibrahim Dabo Ma je Ringim, 3rd Emir of Kano (46th Sarkin Kano)3/1846-26/8/1855, +Ringim 1855. Brother of:

- Abd Allahi dan Ibrahim Dabo Sarkin Yanka, 4th Emir of Kano (47th Sarkin Kano) 16/9/1855-8/9/1882, +Ma je Karofi, Katsina 1882. - Brother of:

- Muhamman Bello dan Ibrahim Dabo, 5th Emir of Kano (48th Sarkin Kano)  9/1882-25/11/1893, +1893. Father of:

- Muhamman Tukur dan Muhamman Bello, 6th Emir of Kano (49th Sarkin Kano) 12/1893-16/3/1895, +Gurin 1895    

- Aliyu Baba dan Abd Allahi, 7th Emir of Kano (50th Sarkin Kano) 16/3/1895-4/1903, in rebellion from 19/8/1894, exiled to Lokeja - when captured bu the ruler of Gobir, +Lokoja 1926. Son of 4th Emir Abd Allahi and brother of:    

- Muhammadu Abbas dan Abd Allahi, 8th Emir of Kano (51st Sarkin Kano) 3/4/1903-1/5/1919, +1919. Brother of:

- Uthman II dan Abd Allahi, 9th Emir of Kano (52nd Sarkin Kano) 1919-1926, +1926

- Abd Allahi Bayaro dan Muhammadu Abbas, 10th Emir of Kano (53rd Sarkin Kano) 1926-25/12/1953, ?1883, +1953. Son of 8th Emir - Muhammadu Abbas and father of:

- Muhammadu Sanusi dan Abd Allahi Bayero, 11th Emir of Kano (54th Sarkin Kano) 1/1/1954-abdicated 1963, retired to Azare, ?1905

- Muhammadu Inuwa Abbas dan Muhammadu Abbas, 12th Emir of Kano (55th Sarkin Kano) 1963-8/10/1963, ?1901, +1963. Son of 8th Emir - Muhammadu Abbas

- HRH Alhaji Ado Bayaro dan Abd Allahi Bayero, 13th Emir of Kano (56th Sarkin Kano) since 12/10/1963. Son of 10th Emir Abd Allahi - Bayero (see above, Head of the Family).

- THANKS TO NURA MUSA BAKO.

Fulani conquest and rule

1850 steel engraving of Kano

At the beginning of the 19th century, Fulani Islamic leader Usman dan Fodio led a jihad affecting much of northern Nigeria, leading to the emergence of the Sokoto Caliphate. Kano became the largest and most prosperous province of the empire.[8] This was one of the last major slave societies, with high percentages of enslaved population long after the Atlantic slave trade had been cut off. Heinrich Barth, a classical scholar who spent several years in northern Nigeria in the 1850s, estimated the percentage of slaves in Kano to be at least 50%, most of whom lived in slave villages.[8]

From 1893 until 1895, two rival claimants for the throne fought a civil war. With the help of royal slaves, Yusufu was victorious over Tukur, and claimed the title of emir.[9]

British colonization and later history

The Emir of Kano on the march (1911)

British forces captured Kano in 1903. The 7th emir of Kano, who was in Sokoto when Kano was occupied, was captured and exiled to Lokoja where he died in 1926.[1] The British made Kano the administrative centre of Northern Nigeria. It was replaced as the centre of government by Kaduna, and only regained administrative significance with the creation of Kano State following Nigerian independence. Although the Emir has limited formal powers, he continues to exert considerable authority and provides leadership on issues such as the tension between Christians and Muslims in the city.[2]

Emirs

Emirs of Kano under Sokoto vassalage

Emirs under Sokoto vassalage were:[10]

  • Suleiman (ruled 1805-1819)
  • Ibrahim (ruled 1819-1846)
  • Usman I (ruled 1846-1855)
  • Abdullah (ruled 1855-1883)
  • Mohammed Bello (ruled 1883-1893)
  • Mohammed Tukur (ruled 1893-1894)
  • Aliyu (ruled 1894-1903)

Later Emirs

Emirs during and after the colonial period:[10]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Kano". Kano Online. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  2. ^ a b "Nigeria road trip: Kano". BBC News Online. BBC. 2001-12-21. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  3. ^ Okehie-Offoha, Marcellina (1995). Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Nigeria. Africa World Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0865432833. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ^ "Kano". Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
  5. ^ Ki-Zerbo, Joseph (1998). UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV, Abridged Edition: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century. University of California Press. p. 107. ISBN 0520066995. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  6. ^ "Caravans Across the Desert: Marketplace". AFRICA: One Continent. Many Worlds. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Foundation. Archived from the original on January 2, 2005. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
  7. ^ "50 Greatest Africans - Sarki Muhammad Rumfa & Emperor Semamun". When We Ruled. Every Generation Media. Retrieved 2007-05-05.
  8. ^ a b Lovejoy, Paul (1983). Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 195. ISBN 0521243696.
  9. ^ Stilwell, Sean (2000). "Power, Honour and Shame: The Ideology of Royal Slavery in the Sokoto Caliphate". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute,. 70 (3). Edinburgh University Press: 394–421 =. doi:10.2307/1161067. Retrieved 2007-10-26.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  10. ^ a b "Traditional States of Nigeria". WorldStatesmen.org. Retrieved 2010-09-01.

SOURCES: Burke&#8217;s Royal Families of the World II Africa & The Middle East, London 1980 R.F.Tapsell, Monarch Rulers Dynasties and Kingdoms of the World, Thames and Hudson, London 1983 RELATED WEBSITE: Traditional States of Nigeria http://www.geocities.com/bcahoon.geo/Nigeria_native.html

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