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<ref name="spiegel">{{Cite web| url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,484510,00.html|title=World War II. New Research Taints Image of Desert Fox Romme|accessdate=2010-09-14|publisher=[[Der Spiegel]]|author=Jan Friedmann|date=23-May-2007}}</ref>
<ref name="spiegel">{{Cite web| url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,484510,00.html|title=World War II. New Research Taints Image of Desert Fox Romme|accessdate=2010-09-14|publisher=[[Der Spiegel]]|author=Jan Friedmann|date=23-May-2007}}</ref>


==Nazi propaganda in the Arab world==
==The Holocaust and Nazi propaganda in the Arab world==
Massive programs of propaganda were launched in the Arab world, first by Fascist Italy and later on by Nazi Germany. The Nazis in particular focused in impacting on the new generation of political thinkers and activists.
Massive programs of propaganda were launched in the Arab world, first by Fascist Italy and later on by Nazi Germany. The Nazis in particular focused in impacting on the new generation of political thinkers and activists.
<ref>{{cite book |title=The Middle East: a brief history of the last 2,000 years A Touchstone book |last=Lewis |first=bernard |year=1995 |page=310 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=9780684807126 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-LWbBMm27w8C&pg=PT310}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite book |title=The Middle East: a brief history of the last 2,000 years A Touchstone book |last=Lewis |first=bernard |year=1995 |page=310 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=9780684807126 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-LWbBMm27w8C&pg=PT310}}</ref>
Line 122: Line 122:
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=z4T_KhY8j9YC&pg=PA158}}</ref> was led by the [[Hitler youth]] modeled<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/1428511/You-boys-you-are-the-seeds-from-which-our-great-President-Saddam-will-rise-again.html |title=You boys you are the seeds from which our great President Saddam will rise again, |accessdate=2010-09-14|publisher=''The [[Daily Telegraph]]''|date=27-Apr-2003}}</ref> Iraqi-Arab [[Futuwwa]] paramilitary group under pro-Nazi Iraqi ministry of education [[Saib Shawkat]] who praised [[Hitler]] for eradicating Jews.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0010_0_09571.html|title=Iraq|accessdate=2010-09-14|publisher=JVL}}</ref>
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=z4T_KhY8j9YC&pg=PA158}}</ref> was led by the [[Hitler youth]] modeled<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/1428511/You-boys-you-are-the-seeds-from-which-our-great-President-Saddam-will-rise-again.html |title=You boys you are the seeds from which our great President Saddam will rise again, |accessdate=2010-09-14|publisher=''The [[Daily Telegraph]]''|date=27-Apr-2003}}</ref> Iraqi-Arab [[Futuwwa]] paramilitary group under pro-Nazi Iraqi ministry of education [[Saib Shawkat]] who praised [[Hitler]] for eradicating Jews.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0010_0_09571.html|title=Iraq|accessdate=2010-09-14|publisher=JVL}}</ref>


====North Africa====
====The Shoah/Holocaust in North Africa====

⚫
The [[SS]] had established a special unit in 1942 to "to Kill Jews in North Africa." It was led by SS Obersturmbannführer, [[Walter Rauff]], an experienced mass murderer who helped develop the mobile gassing vehicles the Germans used to murder Jewish people in Europe. The unit also established a network of labor camps in Tunisia where over 2,500 Tunisian Jews perished during a six months Nazi rule, the Tunisian Arabs' army was also involved in executions.<ref name="spiegel" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/s/shaked-edith/re-examining-wannsee.html |title=The Holocaust: Reexamining The Wannsee Conference, Himmler's Appointments Book, and Tunisian Jews |publisher=The Nizkor Project |author=Edith Shaked|accessdate=2010-09-14}}</ref>
On January 20, 1942, 15 high-ranking Nazi Party and German government officials met at a villa in Wannsee, a Berlin suburb, to coordinate the execution of the "Final Solution” of the Jewish Question (Endlösung). In the Wannsee document, the word “Europe” included France’s oversea three colonies of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, as per the term “unoccupied France.”

At the Wannsee Conference, Reinhard Heydrich, Heinrich Himmler’s deputy and head of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Main Office, or RSHA), noted the numbers of Jews to be murdered, and officially listed the figure of 700,000 Jews for "France/unoccupied territory”, including by that the Jews in unoccupied France’s North Africa possessions, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.

Sir Martin Gilbert, well-known historian and Holocaust scholar, makes it clear in his ATLAS OF THE HOLOCAUST that “It was not only in Europe, but also in North Africa that Jews were at risk” (page 137). On page 85, in map 99 “Jews Marked Out for Death, 20 January 1942,” Gilbert specifies, “France Unoccupied Zone: 700,000 including French North Africa.” In his book THE HOLOCAUST: A JEWISH TRAGEDY (published in the United States as The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe during the Second World War), Gilbert explains that “…700,000, a figure which included the Sephardi Jews in France’s North African possessions, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia… (page 282).”

Robert Satloff, in his book, “Among the Righteous: Lost Stories from the Holocaust’s Long Reach into Arab Lands” (New York: Public Affairs, 2006. pp. 18-19) firmly agrees with Sir Martin Gilbert’s statements, writing that “evidence of German ambition to target the Jews of these Arab lands can be found in the country-by-country plan for the extermination of Jews approved by Nazi leaders who gathered at the infamous Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. … The hugely inflated Wannsee number for the Jews of unoccupied France was no mistake, because it included the hundreds of thousands of Jews who lived in France’s North African possessions: the colony of Algeria and the two protectorates … of Morocco … and … Tunisia”

⚫
Thus, the [[SS]] had established a special unit in 1942 to "to Kill Jews in North Africa." It was led by SS Obersturmbannführer, [[Walter Rauff]], an experienced mass murderer who helped develop the mobile gassing vehicles the Germans used to murder Jewish people in Europe. The unit also established a network of labor camps in Tunisia where over 2,500 Tunisian Jews perished during a six months Nazi rule, the Tunisian Arabs' army was also involved in executions.<ref name="spiegel" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/s/shaked-edith/re-examining-wannsee.html |title=The Holocaust: Reexamining The Wannsee Conference, Himmler's Appointments Book, and Tunisian Jews |publisher=The Nizkor Project |author=Edith Shaked|accessdate=2010-09-14}}</ref>


====Eastern Europe====
====Eastern Europe====

Revision as of 04:33, 9 October 2010

Nazis' relationship with the Arab world is about the links and the regards the Nazis had with the Arab world and with the Arab leadership.

Nazis' contempt for the Arabs

Despite some Arab leaders' association, cooperation with Nazis. Adolph Hitler, the Nazis have considered the Arabs, still, just as the Jews, to be inferior.

The "Nazis viewed the Arabs with contempt. Arabs in Germany received the discriminatory treatment consistent with Nazi racial theories." [1][2]

Noted historian Bernard Lewis explaines that the Arabs, in Nazi Germany's classification shared the inferiority ascribed by Nazi ideology to the Jews, references to their inferiority were expressed from time to time, such as slurs -by August 1939 speech by Adolf Hitler- to the peoples of the Middle East, among other non- Europeans, as "painted half-apes, who want to feel the whip."[3] Adolf Hitler's description of Arabs as "half apes." has been well publicized.[1][2][4][5][6]

As the Führer had racist objections to Arabs, he declined to shake the Mufti's hand (in their 1941 meeting) and refused to drink coffee with him. [7]

The Holocaust and Nazi propaganda in the Arab world

Massive programs of propaganda were launched in the Arab world, first by Fascist Italy and later on by Nazi Germany. The Nazis in particular focused in impacting on the new generation of political thinkers and activists. [8]

Glorification and adoptation of Nazis

Hitler was celebrated in large parts of the Arab world, and some newspapers even likened him to the Prophet. Rommel was almost as popular as Hitler. Arabs Shouting of "Heil Rommel" was a common greeting in Arab countries. After France's defeat to Nazi Germany in 1940, Arabs were chanting against the French and British around the streets of Damascus: "No more Monsieur, no more Mister, Allah's in Heaven and Hitler's on earth."[7] Posters with Arabic sayings: “In heaven God is your ruler, on earth Hitler." were frequently displayed in shops in the towns of Syria. [9][10]

"Hitler himself was Islamicized on the radio and by word of mouth as Abu Ali, and in Egypt he was deemed as Muhammad Haidar. As such, he was prayed for in every village," say historians.[11][12]

Peter Viereck explaines that a major source for Arab nationalism, The 1920s champion of pan-Arabism Sati al-Husri and the founder of the Baath Sami al-Jundi, were devoted Fichte scholars. The latter admired Hitler as well.[13] The founder of the Baath wrote in his memoirs about Fascism and Nazi ideology among some important founders of the Baath, that when it was still called the National Arab Party (1939–40) and led mainly by Zaki al-Arsuzi, Arsuzi believed in the "racial purity and nobility of the Arabs."[14] He wrote: "We were racists. We admired the Nazis. We were immersed in reading Nazi literature and books that were the source of the Nazi spirit...We were the first who thought of a translation of Mein Kampf. Anyone who lived in Damascus at that time was witness to the Arab inclination toward Nazism."[15][16][17]

Nasser (who became Egypt's leader later on) recorded his sympathy and his disappointment at Germany's defeat. Rashid Ali al-Gaylani has been resuscitated as a hero in Saddam Hussein's Iraq.[18]

Contemporary

Syrians are quoted as saying "Today the Arabs remember Hitler favorably." To which Jumblatt replied: "At least he would have saved us from the Zionists. We must not take a strong stand against Nazism" explaines B. Lewis.[3]

In August 2010, a Saudi columnist condemned the 'phenomenon of sympathy for Adolf Hitler and for Nazism in the Arab world.' Iman Al-Quwaifli pointed out that sympathy for Hitler takes two forms: popular admiration and in intellectual terms."

An example of admiration for Hitler in today's Arab world has been giving to an Islamic cleric Hussam Fawzi Jabar justifying Hitler's actions against the Jews in an Egyptian talk show, aired (2010). [19]

Alliance with Neo-Nazis

Noted scholars such as "Robert Wistrich and Bernard Lewis have shown in their research the ideological similarities between fundamental Islam and Nazism. That is why Islamists can make common cause with neo-Nazis in Europe or an anti-Semite like David Duke in the United States. They share a core-hatred." [20]

Cooperation

Among the Arab leadership to have worked with the Nazis and aiding them, the two most noted were: Haj Amin Al-Husseini[21] the ex-Mufti, the spiritual leader of Palestine, notoriously anti-Jewish,[22][23] and the Iraqi prime minister Rashid Ali al-Gaylani.[24][25]

The ex Mufti had agents in Iraq, Syria and in Palestine.[10] In November 28, 1941, he met with Hitler.[10]

The Mufti leader has orchestrated an Iraqi government takeover, with Nazi support and financing, led by Rashid Ali al-Gaylani (1892–1965).[12]

Anwar Sadat (who later on became Egypt's leader) was a willing co-operator in Nazi Germany's espionage according to his own memoirs.[18]

Atrocities

Arab-Nazi cooperation led to significant actions, massacres.

Iraq

The 1941 Mufti inspired Farhud pogrom on the Jews of Baghdad by pro- Nazi Arabs murdering 140 Jews and injuring 700 more,[26] was led by the Hitler youth modeled[27] Iraqi-Arab Futuwwa paramilitary group under pro-Nazi Iraqi ministry of education Saib Shawkat who praised Hitler for eradicating Jews.[28]

The Shoah/Holocaust in North Africa

On January 20, 1942, 15 high-ranking Nazi Party and German government officials met at a villa in Wannsee, a Berlin suburb, to coordinate the execution of the "Final Solution” of the Jewish Question (Endlösung). In the Wannsee document, the word “Europe” included France’s oversea three colonies of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, as per the term “unoccupied France.”

At the Wannsee Conference, Reinhard Heydrich, Heinrich Himmler’s deputy and head of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Main Office, or RSHA), noted the numbers of Jews to be murdered, and officially listed the figure of 700,000 Jews for "France/unoccupied territory”, including by that the Jews in unoccupied France’s North Africa possessions, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.

Sir Martin Gilbert, well-known historian and Holocaust scholar, makes it clear in his ATLAS OF THE HOLOCAUST that “It was not only in Europe, but also in North Africa that Jews were at risk” (page 137). On page 85, in map 99 “Jews Marked Out for Death, 20 January 1942,” Gilbert specifies, “France Unoccupied Zone: 700,000 including French North Africa.” In his book THE HOLOCAUST: A JEWISH TRAGEDY (published in the United States as The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe during the Second World War), Gilbert explains that “…700,000, a figure which included the Sephardi Jews in France’s North African possessions, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia… (page 282).”

Robert Satloff, in his book, “Among the Righteous: Lost Stories from the Holocaust’s Long Reach into Arab Lands” (New York: Public Affairs, 2006. pp. 18-19) firmly agrees with Sir Martin Gilbert’s statements, writing that “evidence of German ambition to target the Jews of these Arab lands can be found in the country-by-country plan for the extermination of Jews approved by Nazi leaders who gathered at the infamous Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. … The hugely inflated Wannsee number for the Jews of unoccupied France was no mistake, because it included the hundreds of thousands of Jews who lived in France’s North African possessions: the colony of Algeria and the two protectorates … of Morocco … and … Tunisia”

Thus, the SS had established a special unit in 1942 to "to Kill Jews in North Africa." It was led by SS Obersturmbannführer, Walter Rauff, an experienced mass murderer who helped develop the mobile gassing vehicles the Germans used to murder Jewish people in Europe. The unit also established a network of labor camps in Tunisia where over 2,500 Tunisian Jews perished during a six months Nazi rule, the Tunisian Arabs' army was also involved in executions.[7][29]

Eastern Europe

The Mufti Haj Amin Al-Husseini led Muslim SS units[22] carrying out Nazis' atrocities in the Balkans. The three divisions of Muslim ("holy warriors" [30]) SS soldiers envolved in the region included: The Waffen SS 13th Handschar "Knife", the 23rd Kama "Dagger" and the 21st Skenderbeg. They were acting against Christians and against Jews.[31][32]

Incorporation

The 1930 saw many movements in the Arab world emerging in fascist and Nazi forms. The Young Egypt Party "Green shirts" was most resembling the Hitler youth and "obviously Nazi in form".[3] The SSNP has adopted a clear fascist line and took its emblem, the red hurricane from the Nazi swastika.[33] Its leader Anton Saada, referred to as the Fuhrer of the Syrian Nation by his followers.[34] Like many parties of the 1930s the SSNP adopted the styles of Fascism: Saada was known as al-za'im (the Fuhrer) and the party anthem was "Syria, Syria, fiber alles" sung to the same tune as the German national anthem.[35] He founded his fascist Syrian National Social Party with a program that Syrians were "a distinctive and naturally superior race."[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Mattar, Philip (1992). The Mufti of Jerusalem: Haj Amin al-Husseini and the Palestinian National Movement. Columbia University Press. p. 100. ISBN 9780231064637.
  2. ^ a b Lee, Martin A. (1999). The beast reawakens. Taylor & Francis. p. 122. ISBN 9780415925464.
  3. ^ a b c Lewis, Bernard (1999). Semites and anti-Semites: an inquiry into conflict and prejudice. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 140. ISBN 9780393318395. Cite error: The named reference "lewis-semites" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  4. ^ morris, Benny (1999). Righteous victims: a history of the Zionist-Arab conflict, 1881-2001. Random House, Inc. p. 165. ISBN 9780679421207.
  5. ^ http://www.aijac.org.au/review/2002/275/essay275.html
  6. ^ "Holocaust". Project Aladin. Retrieved 2010-09-14. {{cite web}}: Text "The Nazis, the Holocaust and Muslims" ignored (help)
  7. ^ a b c Jan Friedmann (23-May-2007). "World War II. New Research Taints Image of Desert Fox Romme". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 2010-09-14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ Lewis, bernard (1995). The Middle East: a brief history of the last 2,000 years A Touchstone book. Simon and Schuster. p. 310. ISBN 9780684807126.
  9. ^ Die Welt des Islams. Brill. 1985. p. 128.
  10. ^ a b c Alfassa, Shelomo (2006). Reference Guide to the Nazis and Arabs During the Holocaust: A Concise Guide to the Relationship and Conspiracy of the Nazis and the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem in North Africa and the Middle East During the Era of the Holocaust. Lulu.com. p. 25. ISBN 9780976322634. Cite error: The named reference "alfassa" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  11. ^ a b Pryce-Jones, David (2002). The closed circle: an interpretation of the Arabs G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Ivan R. Dee. p. 201. ISBN 9781566634403.
  12. ^ a b Patterson, David (2010). A Genealogy of Evil: Anti-Semitism from Nazism to Islamic Jihad. Cambridge University Press. p. 390. ISBN 9780521132619. Cite error: The named reference "patterson" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  13. ^ Viereck, Peter (2004). Metapolitics: from Wagner and the German Romantics to Hitler. Transaction Publishers. pp. 22–23. ISBN 9780765805102.
  14. ^ Podeh, Elie; Asher Kaufman; Moshe Maʻoz (2005). Arab-Jewish relations: from conflict to resolution? : essays in honour of Moshe Maʻoz. Sussex Academic Press. p. 141. ISBN 9781903900680.
  15. ^ Berman, Paul (2004). Terror and liberalism. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 55. ISBN 0-393-32555-5.
  16. ^ Morse, Chuck (2003). iUniverse ISBN 0-595-28944-4. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Text "title The Nazi Connection to Islamic Terrorism: Adolf Hitler and Haj Amin Al-Husseini" ignored (help); line feed character in |publisher= at position 11 (help)
  17. ^ http://www.afsi.org/OUTPOST/96JAN/jan6.htm
  18. ^ a b Lewis, Bernard (1995). The Middle East: a brief history of the last 2,000 years A Touchstone book. Simon and Schuster. p. 349. ISBN 9780684807126.
  19. ^ Saudi Columnist Condemns Sympathy for Hitler in the Arab World. August 4, 2010 Memri
  20. ^ Gerstenfeld, Manfred (2005). American Jewry's challenge: conversations confronting the twenty-first century. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 150.
  21. ^ Mallmann, Klaus-Michael; Martin Cüppers (2010). Enigma Books. ISBN 9781929631933. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Text "title Nazi Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews in Palestine" ignored (help)
  22. ^ a b "The Mufti of Berlin Arab-Nazi Collaboratio is a taboo topic in the West". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2010-09-14. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  23. ^ "The Mufti and the Führer". JVL. Retrieved 2010-09-14.
  24. ^ McKale, Donald M. (1987). Curt Prüfer, German diplomat from the Kaiser to Hitler. Kent State University Press. p. 168. ISBN 9780873383455.
  25. ^ "The Farhud". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 2010-09-14.
  26. ^ Rosen, Robert N. (2006). Saving the Jews: Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Holocaust. p. 158.
  27. ^ "You boys you are the seeds from which our great President Saddam will rise again,". The Daily Telegraph. 27-Apr-2003. Retrieved 2010-09-14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  28. ^ "Iraq". JVL. Retrieved 2010-09-14.
  29. ^ Edith Shaked. "The Holocaust: Reexamining The Wannsee Conference, Himmler's Appointments Book, and Tunisian Jews". The Nizkor Project. Retrieved 2010-09-14.
  30. ^ Carlson, John Roy (2008). Cairo to Damascus. READ BOOKS. p. 420. ISBN 9781443728782.
  31. ^ Seth J. Frantzman (10-May-2008). "Fascist Muslim group expected to loot Tel Aviv in 1948". San Francisco Sentinel. Retrieved 2010-09-14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  32. ^ Alon, Mati (2004). Holocaust and Redemption. Trafford Publishing. p. 207. ISBN 9781412003582.
  33. ^ Rolland, John C. (2003). Lebanon: current issues and background. Nova Publishers. p. 192. ISBN 9781590338711.
  34. ^ Morse, Chuck (2003). The Nazi Connection to Islamic Terrorism: Adolf Hitler and Haj Amin Al-Husseini. iUniverse,. ISBN 9780595289448.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  35. ^ Yapp, Malcolm (1996). The Near East since the First World War: a history to 1995. A history of the Near East Author Malcolm. Longman Original (from the University of Michigan). p. 113. ISBN 9780582256514. {{cite book}}: line feed character in |publisher= at position 8 (help); line feed character in |title= at position 88 (help)
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