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* Ford Focus EV
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== Compatible charging stations ==
== Compatible charging stations ==

Revision as of 05:06, 13 January 2011

SAE J1772
File:SAE J1772 plug and receptacle.jpg
Yazaki's SAE J1772 compliant electric vehicle connector.
Type Automotive power connector
Production history
Manufacturer Yazaki and others
Produced 2009
General specifications
Pins 5

SAE J1772 is a North American standard for electrical connectors for electric vehicles maintained by the Society of Automotive Engineers and has the formal title "SAE Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice J1772, SAE Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler”.[1] It covers the general physical, electrical, communication protocol, and performance requirements for the electric vehicle conductive charge system and coupler. The intent is to define a common electric vehicle conductive charging system architecture including operational requirements and the functional and dimensional requirements for the vehicle inlet and mating connector.

Avcon manufactured a rectangular connector compliant with the SAE J1772 REV NOV 2001 specification that was capable of delivering up to 6.6 kW of electrical power.[2]

The current revision of SAE J1772 (as of January 2010) is based on a round connector design from Yazaki and allows for an increased power delivery of up to 16.8 kW delivered via single phase 120–240 V AC at up to 80 amperes.

Development

The Yazaki plug that was built to the SAE J1772 plug standard successfully completed certification at UL. It is only certified to 30A although the standard is written to 80A There is a picture of the Yazaki Plug at TEVA2, where the hot stamping shows only 30A. The standard specification was subsequently voted upon by the SAE committee in July 2009.[3]

Here are some more pictures of the Plugs and Inlets TucsonEV.


Adoption

SAE J1772 was adopted on January 14, 2010 by the SAE Motor Vehicle Council.[4] The companies participating in or supporting the revised -2009 standard include GM, Chrysler, Ford, Toyota, Honda, Nissan, and Tesla.

Properties

Connector

The connector is designed for single phase electrical systems with 120 V or 240 V such as those used in North America and Japan.

The round 43 mm diameter connector has five pins, with 3 different pin sizes.[5]

  • AC Line 1 and AC Line 2 - have same size power pins
  • Ground Pin
  • Proximity Detection and Control Pilot - have same size pin

Proximity Detection - Prevents movement of the car while connected to the charger.

Control Pilot - Communication line used to coordinate charging level between and car and the charger as well as other information.

The connector uses a 1kHz square wave at +/- 12 volts generated by the EVSE on the pilot pin to detect the presence of the vehicle, communicate the maximum allowable charging current, and control charging.[6] The connector is designed to withstand up to 10,000 connection/disconnection cycles and exposure to all kinds of elements. Approximating one connection/disconnection cycle daily, the average connector's lifespan should be just over 27 years.

Charging

In the initial standard, two charging levels are defined.[4]

Voltage Phase Peak electrical current
AC Level 1 120 V Single phase 16 A
AC Level 2 240 V Single phase 80 A

Work continues on specifications for higher-voltage, DC Fast Charge charging,[4] which has been referred to as level 3 charging. As of February 2010, the SAE J1772 committee is designing a DC connector based on the SAE J1772 AC connector with additional DC and ground pins, to then evaluate against other designs including the JARI/TEPCO connector used by the CHAdeMO DC fast charge protocol.[7] There are indications SAE is also investigating a third level of AC charging.[8]

Safety

The J1772 standard includes several levels of shock protection, ensuring the safety of charging even in wet conditions. Physically, the connection pins are isolated on the interior of the connector when mated, ensuring no physical access to those pins. When not mated, J1772 connectors have no voltage at the pins[9], and charging power does not flow until commanded by the vehicle.[7]

The pins are of the first-make, last-break variety. So that if the plug is in the charging port of the vehicle and charging, and it is removed, the Control Pilot and Proximity Detection pins will break first so that the Power Pin relay in the Charging Station will be shut off and no current will flow.

Signaling[7]

  • Supply equipment signals presence of AC input power
  • Vehicle detects plug via proximity circuit (thus the vehicle can prevent driving away while connected)
  • Control pilot functions begin
    • Supply equipment detects plug-in electric vehicle
    • Supply equipment indicates to PEV readiness to supply energy
    • PEV ventilation requirements are determined
    • Supply equipment current capacity provided to PEV
  • PEV commands energy flow
  • PEV and supply equipment continuously monitor continuity of safety ground
  • Charge continues as determined by PEV
  • Charge may be interrupted by disconnecting the plug from the vehicle

Compatible vehicle models

Compatible charging stations

The Chevrolet Volt[13] and Nissan Leaf[14] both come with 120V portable charging leads that couple a 120V mains plug to the car's J1772 receptacle. For 240V charging, the U.S. National Electrical Code require a coupler to be permanently wired to an AC outlet in most cases;[15] such a coupler is commonly called a charging station. Products compatible with SAE J1772-2009 include:

Competing standards

Another international standard, IEC 62196, already exists from the International Electrotechnical Commission, uses the same control pilot signaling, and includes pins that can provide charging as proposed in SAE J1772-2001[1] as well as the new SAE J1772-2009 proposal. IEC 62196 adds pins that also permit much faster recharging using a far higher, 298 kW maximum power delivery via up to 690 V three phase AC, 50–60 Hz, at a rated current not exceeding 250 A or up to 600 V DC at a rated current not exceeding 400 A.[23]

The IEC 62196 pins are also part of the connector proposed first by RWE and Daimler and which are supposed to be added to the next version of the IEC 62196-2-X.[24] It proposes the round seven-pin Mennekes connector as an implementation of IEC 62196.[25] This connector has been chosen by several European automakers for prototype electric vehicles.[26] The current VDE-AR-E 2623-2-2 standard on this connector specifies up to 63A three-phase (at 400V in Central Europe).

Tokyo Electric Power Company has developed a specification solely for level 3 high-voltage DC automotive fast charging using a different connector (JARI Level 3 DC), and formed the CHΛdeMO (stands for Charge and Move) association with Japanese automakers Mitsubishi, Nissan and Subaru to promote it.[27]

References

  1. ^ a b Society of Automotive Engineers (2001-09-27). "SAE Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler, SAE J1772, REV. MONTH01" (DOC). California Air Resources Board. Retrieved 2009-10-23. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ California Air Resources Board. "Rulemaking: 2001-06-28 15 DAY NOTICE ZEV Infra 15day Ntc2-28.doc" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-10-23. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Sam Abuelsamid (2009-06-29). "Underwriters Laboratories approves SAE J1772 charging plug". Retrieved 2009-10-10. Underwriters Laboratories has completed its certification testing on the connector developed by Yazaki. {{cite web}}: External link in |author= (help)
  4. ^ a b c d "SAE standard on EV charging connector approved". SAE International. 2010-01-15. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  5. ^ J1772 Level 2 EV Plug
  6. ^ SAE EV Charging Systems Committee, SAE Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler
  7. ^ a b c Gery Kissel, SAE J1772™ Task Force Lead (2010-02-18). "SAE J1772™ Update For IEEE Standard 1809 Guide for Electric-Sourced Transportation Infrastructure Meeting" (PDF). SAE International. Retrieved 2010-09-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ David Herron (2010-07-30). "Electric vehicle charging standards". V is for Voltage Forums. Retrieved 2010-08-19. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  9. ^ "Charging the Chevy Volt web chat". GM-Volt.com. 2009-08-20. Retrieved 2010-09-03. When a J1772 standard plug (like on the Volt) is disconnected from the vehicle, no voltage is present at the pins. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  10. ^ Brian Verprauskus (2010-03). "Nissan's Zero-Emission Future" (PDF). Nissan North America. Retrieved 2010-06-22. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ {cite web |url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coda_Automotive}
  12. ^ {cite web |url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Prius_Plug-in_Hybrid}
  13. ^ Sebastian Blanco (2009-08-11). "GM shows off 120V and 240V chargers for 2011 Chevy Volt". Autoblog. Retrieved 2010-06-27.
  14. ^ "Nissan LEAF Electric Car | Answers | Charging". Nissan. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
  15. ^ "NEC 1999 National Electrical Code Article 625 - Electric Vehicle Charging System". National Electrical Code. 1999. Retrieved 2010-06-27.
  16. ^ Patrick Ponticel (2010-01-15). "AeroVironment to supply Leaf home charging unit". SAE Vehicle Engineering Online. SAE International. Retrieved 2010-06-26.
  17. ^ "ClipperCreek Ships the Only UL Listed SAE Compatible Charging Station" (Press release). ClipperCreek. 2010-05-07. Retrieved 2010-06-26.
  18. ^ "Coulomb Technologies Achieves UL Listing from Underwriters Laboratories for ChargePoint Networked Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles" (Press release). Coulomb Technologies. 2010-06-09. Retrieved 2010-06-26.
  19. ^ Donald Melanson (2010-07-27). "ECOtality and Frog Design debut eye-catching Blink EV chargers". Engadget. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  20. ^ "ECOtality Introduces Blink The First Smart, Interactive, Iconic EV Chargers and Network" (PDF) (Press release). ECOtality. 2010-07-27. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  21. ^ Sebastian Blanco (2010-07-13). "GE unveils new electric car charger, the WattStation [w/video]". Autoblog Green. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
  22. ^ "Leviton Announces Residential Charging Stations for Electric Vehicle Market" (Press release). Leviton. 2010-07-20. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  23. ^ "Norme International CEI/IEC International Standard 62196-1" (PDF). International Electrotechnical Commission. 2004. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
  24. ^ Winfried Tröster (2009-01-29). "62196 Part 2-X: Dimensional interchangeability requirements for pin and contact-tube vehicle couplers" (PDF). International Electrotechnical Commission. Retrieved 2010-04-15.
  25. ^ "EV Charging connectors". 2009-04-30. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
  26. ^ Xavier Navarro (2009-05-20). "The European standard charging plug for cars is selected after Mennekes design". Autoblog Green. Retrieved 2010-04-15.
  27. ^ "Tokyo Electric Power Licenses Aker Wade to Build Level III Fast Chargers". Green Car Congress. 2010-01-15. Retrieved 2010-04-13.
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