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==Usage==
==Usage==
{{Prose|date=February 2011}}
{{Prose|date=February 2011}}
*The term Naidu is the caste name and the title of Kamma and Kapu caste(Telaga/Balija Naidu/Ontari)of Andhra Pradesh.
*The term Naidu is the caste name and the title of Kapu caste(Telaga/Balija Naidu/Ontari)of Andhra Pradesh which comprises of about 28% of the population of Andhra Pradesh.
* Nayaka (Naidu) was an honorary title that was used by the people belonging to the other Telugu castes of [[Boyar]], Kamma, Mudi Raju, Adi Velama etc in Andhra Pradesh and other states.
* Nayaka (Naidu) was an honorary title that was used by the people belonging to the other Telugu castes of [[Boyar]], Kamma, Mudi Raju, Adi Velama etc in Andhra Pradesh and other states.
* It was used as a title denoting a village or lineage headman.
* It was used as a title denoting a village or lineage headman.
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===Andhra Pradesh===
===Andhra Pradesh===
In Andhra Pradesh, the title is predominantly used by [[Kamma]], [[Kapu]] (Balija) and [[Velama]]s
In Andhra Pradesh, the title is predominantly used by Kapu caste (Balija Naidu/Telaga/Ontari) though other castes such as Boyars,Adi/Polinati Velamas, Kammas etc started using of late.

===Tamil Nadu===
===Tamil Nadu===
Many Telugu speaking communities like [[Baljia]], [[Kamma]] and [[Gavara]]'s use the title ''Naidu'' , whereas the title [[Naicker]] is used by both Tamils and Telugus.
Many Telugu speaking communities like Baljia Naidu [Gajula/Kavarai or Gavara Balija Naidu],
Muttarayars, Kammas use the title ''Naidu'' , whereas the title [[Naicker]] is used by both Tamils and Telugus.


A section of Vanniars (Vanniakula Kshtriya or Agnikula Kshtriya) use the title Naicker, Naickan, Nayagar, Nayagan as titles.
A section of Vanniars (Vanniakula Kshtriya or Agnikula Kshtriya) use the title Naicker, Naickan, Nayagar, Nayagan as titles.
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==Usage abroad==
==Usage abroad==
In [[South Africa]] a variant spelling "Naidoo" is used amongst its Telugu citizens. The usage does not denote Telugu ancestry any longer as intermarriages had diluted such identities. In [[Sri Lanka]], it is used amongst the [[Hill Country Tamils]] of Indian origin and by Sri Lankan Naickers who descended from the [[Kandy Nayaks]]. In [[Mauritius]] it is a common surname of Telugu populations. In [[Fiji]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]] and [[Guyana]], it is a surname of the broader [[Indian diaspora]]. In [[Malaysia]] it is used by Telugus to denote their Telugu ancestry.
In [[South Africa]] a variant spelling "Naidoo" is used amongst its Telugu citizens. The usage does not denote Telugu ancestry any longer as intermarriages had diluted such identities. In [[Sri Lanka]], it is used amongst the [[Hill Country Tamils]] of Indian origin and by Sri Lankan Naickers who descended from the [[Kandy Nayaks]]. In [[Mauritius]] it is a common surname of Telugu populations. In [[Fiji]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]] and [[Guyana]], it is a surname of the broader [[Indian diaspora]]. In [[Malaysia]] it is used by Telugus to denote their Telugu ancestry.

==Notable Naidus==
'''Famous Naidus:'''
*[[S. V. Ranga Rao]] — Actor ,Producer
Notable Naidus:
*[[Savitri (actress)]] — Telugu and Tamil actress, producer
1) Bollini Munuswamy Naidu : Former Chief Minister of Tamilnadu
*[[Raghupathi Venkaiah]] Naidu — Father of Telugu cinema
2) GD Naidu: Indian inventor and engineer who is also referred to as the Edison of India
*[[Dwaram Venkataswamy Naidu]] — Classical musician
3) Padma Shri Dr.Govindappa Venkataswamy Naidu: Eye-care pioneer and founder of world largest Eye care hospital 'Aravind Eye Hospital'.
*[[Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu]] — Social reformer,Ex Chief minister
4) PSG Govindaswamy Naidu: Founder of PSG and Sons Charities, owns Medical college and Hospital, Engineering college along with many Educational Institutions and Industries in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu.
*[[Raghupathi Venkataratnam Naidu]]— Social reformer and educationalist
5) PethiNaidu Veluchamy: Industrialist/USA, Founder of Mutual Bank - Chicago and many companies. Richest NRI in Illinois
*[[Tapi Dharma Rao]]naidu — Telugu writer
6) Nara ChandraBabu Naidu: Former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (1995 to 2004)
*[[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]] — DK Founder
7) M Venkaiah Naidu: MP, former Union Minister and Ex.president of BJP.
*[[G. Kamatchi Naidu]] — TamilNadu Naidu Peravai & DTMK Founder
8) Rama Naidu: Ex.MP, Guinnes record holder, produced 103 films in 9 languages.
*[[Manikonda Chalapathi Rau]] — Former editor of National Herald
9) Leela Naidu: The Miss India (1954). One of the most beautiful women in the world by Vogue.
10) Vijay Naidu: The American actor of Indian ancestry.
*[[C. K. Nayudu]] — Former Captain of Indian Cricket
*[[Kodi Rammurthy Naidu]] — Body builder and wrestler
11) Dorsami Naidu: Ex.MP, President (Past) National Federation Party, The president of Fiji’s Law Society (Present).
*[[Shobha Naidu]]—Classical dancer
12) Prof Doreswamy Naidu: MLC - Karnataka Legislative Council, Chirman of PES Institutions (Medical college, 2 Engineering colleges and other educational institutions)
*[[Jikki]] (Pillavalu Gajapathi Krishnaveni) —singer
13) Sanjeev Chengappa Naidu : Chairperson of the Pamplemousses/Rivière du Rempart district council (Present), Mauritius
*[[Allu Aravind]] — Cine Producer
14) Amraiya Naidu: Chairman of the Pacific Islands Group -2002. High Commissioner of the Republic of the Fiji Islands in Australia (2001-2009)
*[[Allu Ramalingaiah]] — actor

*[[Vikram Akula]] — Founder of SKS Microfinance
==Notable Naidoos==
*[[D. K. Audikesavulu]] Naidu — Industralist

*[[Srini Kopollu]] — MD, Microsoft India
1) Thambi Naransamy Naidoo: South African political activist and freedom fighter.
*[[Pasupuleti Kannamba]] — Producer, Telugu and Tamil actress
2) Rajah Naidu: Former minister in the government of National Unity under Mr Nelson Mandela.(South Africa)
*[[Dasari Narayana Rao]] — director, actor, producer
3) Jayaseelan Naidu: Political and labour activist and former Minister for Posts and Broadcasting (South Africa).
*[[Chiranjeevi]] — actor, PRP Founder
4) Jayendra Naidoo: former high-profile trade unionist, led the combined ANC, COSATU, CEO of the J&J Group (South Africa).
*[[Kaikala Satyanarayana]] — Actor
5) Kumi Naidoo: A South African human rights activist and the International Executive Director of international environmentalist group, Greenpeace.
*[[Pawan Kalyan]] — Actor, Director,
6) Xavier Kurt Naidoo: A German singer and songwriter
*[[Devika]] — Actress
7) Beverley Naidoo: a popular South African children's author.
*[[M. R. Radha]] (Mohan Rajagopala Radhakrishnan Naidu) — Tamil actor
8) Stephen Naidoo: The first "non-White" Archbishop of Capetown.
*[[G. Varalakshmi]] — Actress
9) Euvin Naidoo: The president and CEO of the South African Chamber of Commerce in America, selected as a Young Global Leader (YGL) by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2009.
*[[P. Pullaiah]]— Producer and director
10) Wayne Naidoo: CEO of Lowe Bull, Chairperson of the Association for Communication and Advertising of South Africa (ACA)
*[[B. A. Subba Rao]] — Producer and director
11) Loganadhan Naidu: Deputy Mayor, Durban
*[[Kodi Ramakrishna]] — Director
12) Shashi Naidoo: A South African actress and television anchor
*[[Krishna Vamsi]] Pasupuleti — Director
13) Kass Naidoo: South Africa's first female commentator.
*[[V.V. Vinayak]] — Director
14) Sandhya Naidoo: Semi-finalist, Miss South Africa 2010, second princess Miss SA Teen in 2005
*[[Sekhar Kammula]] — Director
15) Morgan (Gonaseelan) Naidoo: President of South African Council on Sport (SACOS), President South African Amateur Swimming Federation (Past).
*[[Nagesh Kukunoor]]— Director
16) Prof. Kovin Naidoo: The founder and Chair of the KwaZulu-Natal Eye Care Coalition and National Cataract Coalition in South Africa. Winner of Coveted Essilor International Award 2010.
*[[Kalyanam Raghuramaiah]] (Eelapata Raghuramaiah) —actor ,singer
17) Colonel Vishnu Naidoo: South African Police Service spokesman
18) Nadine Naidoo: A South African actress, singer, writer, producer, director, voice artist and television presenter. Nominated as a Young Global Leader of the World Economic Forum - Social Entrepreneur Category in 2008
19) Asheena Naidoo: Ireland’s Most Influential Model 2010
20) Ravi Naidoo: The founder and managing director of Interactive Africa, Founder: Design Indaba
21) Dr Gonam Naidoo: The first Indian female doctors in South Africa and worked alongside Nelson Mandela. A road named after her in Durban.
22) Ramaswami Moonsamy Naidoo: An first generation entrepreneur of Indian origin South Africans, was the first Indian to be given honorary status as a commissioner of Oaths without being duly qualified.
23) Seelan Naidoo: Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director for Engen Petroleum (T) Limited,


==References==
==References==
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===General references===
===General references===
{{no footnotes|section|date=February 2011}}
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=nJMs-r0FY50C&pg=PA106&vq=madura&dq=caste+and+race+in+india&source=gbs_search_s&sig=ACfU3U3D2RggL32msphQY-iDMWagpN4AlQ#PPA106,M1 '' Caste and Race in India'' (by G.S.Ghurye)]
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=nJMs-r0FY50C&pg=PA106&vq=madura&dq=caste+and+race+in+india&source=gbs_search_s&sig=ACfU3U3D2RggL32msphQY-iDMWagpN4AlQ#PPA106,M1 '' Caste and Race in India'' (by G.S.Ghurye)]
* The Tribes and Castes of The Central Provinces Of India, by B V Russel
* The Tribes and Castes of The Central Provinces Of India, by B V Russel

Revision as of 05:30, 16 February 2011

Naidu (also spelt Nayudu or Naidoo) is a title used by various social groups of the Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu states of India. It is also used in Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa and Chattisgarh. It is a Telugu derivation of the Sanskrit Nayaka, meaning "protector" or "leader".

The word Naidu is etymologically related to the Tamil Naicker, the Nair of Kerala, Marathi Naik and Nayaks (Pattanayak) in Orissa.

Usage

  • The term Naidu is the caste name and the title of Kapu caste(Telaga/Balija Naidu/Ontari)of Andhra Pradesh which comprises of about 28% of the population of Andhra Pradesh.
  • Nayaka (Naidu) was an honorary title that was used by the people belonging to the other Telugu castes of Boyar, Kamma, Mudi Raju, Adi Velama etc in Andhra Pradesh and other states.
  • It was used as a title denoting a village or lineage headman.
  • Medieval Andhra dynasties like the Vishnukundins and Chalukyas and the recent ones like the Vijayanagara Empire conferred the title Nayaka / Nayakudu to a commander or Danda-nayaka (Army Commander) or a leader of a band of soldiers.
  • Nayaka title was originally conferred upon Telugu communities. In the medieval times, the Kakatiya and Vijayanagara Kingdoms had many prominent nayakas from various castes. During the expansion of Vijayanagar Empire, the Nayak title was conferred upon non-Telugu speaking communities who served in the same function in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. This title is also used by other communities in Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
  • The Nayaka title was conferred upon warriors who received land along with the title Nayaka as a part of the Nayankarapuvaram system for services rendered to the court during the Kakatiya dynasty. Nayaka was one among approximately 25 titles used by the Kakatiyas to create a new political infrastructure to undercut the authority of heredity regional elites [1]. The Nayankara system was also used by the Vijayanagar empire [2] wherein land was granted to a Nayaka or Palayakarrar (Polygar) on condition that they would place their military service at the disposal of the king [3].
  • However many communities later began using the Naick or Naidu surname. Edgar Thurston (Castes and Tribes of Southern India Vol. 5; p. 138) noted that "Naidu" or "Nayudu" title was in use by several Telugu castes in colonial India (in alphabetical order): Balija, Bestha, Boyar caste, Ekari, Gavara, Golla, Kalingi, Kamma, Kapu, Mudirajus, Velama, Odde, Tottiyan, Reddy, Telaga, Uppiliyan, Idiga and Valmiki.

Origins

The Nayaka / Danda Nayaka term started being used during the Vishnukundina dynasty which ruled from the Krishna and Godavari deltas during the 3rd Century A.D. Little is known about the title usage prior to that. A more widespread usage of the term Nayaka can be traced to the expansion of the Western Chalukyas into Andhra country during the 7th Century. However, the most widespread usage of the term Nayak happened during the Vijayanagar rule.

The word Naidu is used by the older writers in southern India in several senses, of which the following example given by Yule and Burnell may be cited:

  • It denoted a Commander or a Governor.
  • Native captain or headman.
  • Title of honor among Hindus in the Deccan. "The kings of deccan also have a custom when they will honor a man or recompence their service done, and raise him to dignity and honor. They give him the title of Nayak." -Linschoten
  • The general name of the Kings of Vijayanagar.

Though originally not meant to be a heredity title, by modern times, the Naidu title had been inherited by many, although they no longer were governors, army commanders or tax collectors.

Andhra Pradesh

In Andhra Pradesh, the title is predominantly used by Kapu caste (Balija Naidu/Telaga/Ontari) though other castes such as Boyars,Adi/Polinati Velamas, Kammas etc started using of late.

Tamil Nadu

Many Telugu speaking communities like Baljia Naidu [Gajula/Kavarai or Gavara Balija Naidu], Muttarayars, Kammas use the title Naidu , whereas the title Naicker is used by both Tamils and Telugus.

A section of Vanniars (Vanniakula Kshtriya or Agnikula Kshtriya) use the title Naicker, Naickan, Nayagar, Nayagan as titles.

Kerala

In Kerala there are just about 5000 families spread all over Kerala state. Their ancestors migrated around 200 years back from Madurai region. Some families came from Tirunelveli region. They blong to Balija caste group.

Usage abroad

In South Africa a variant spelling "Naidoo" is used amongst its Telugu citizens. The usage does not denote Telugu ancestry any longer as intermarriages had diluted such identities. In Sri Lanka, it is used amongst the Hill Country Tamils of Indian origin and by Sri Lankan Naickers who descended from the Kandy Nayaks. In Mauritius it is a common surname of Telugu populations. In Fiji, Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana, it is a surname of the broader Indian diaspora. In Malaysia it is used by Telugus to denote their Telugu ancestry.

Famous Naidus:

References

  1. ^ The political economy of craft production: crafting empire in South India, c. 1350-1650, by Carla Sinopoli, p.73
  2. ^ History of Tamil Nadu, 1565-1982, by K. Rajayyan, p.20-23.
  3. ^ Local government in the Vijayanagara Empire, by Venkata Ratnam, p.14.

General references

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naidu&oldid=414201227"