Bernadine Healy

Bernadine Healy, M.D. (born August 4, 1944) is a physician, cardiologist and former head of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). She has been a professor of medicine at Johns Hopkins, professor and dean of the College of Medicine and Public Health at the Ohio State University, and served as president of the American Red Cross. Currently she is health editor and columnist for U.S. News & World Report. She has become a well-known commentator in the media on health issues. She is a brain cancer survivor.

Early years & family

Born in New York City to Michael Healy and Violet McGrath, both deceased, Bernadine Patricia Healy was one of four daughters raised in Long Island City, Queens, New York. Healy's parents stressed the importance of education. She was the top student of her high school class at Hunter College High School.

She attended Vassar College on a full Mathew Vassar scholarship and graduated summa cum laude in 1965 with a major in chemistry and a minor in philosophy. She went on to Harvard Medical School, also on full scholarship, and was one of only ten women out of 120 students in her class. After graduating cum laude from Harvard Medical School in 1970, she completed her internship and residency in cardiology at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins Hospital.

After finishing her post-doctoral training, Healy became the first woman to join its full-time faculty in cardiology, and rose quickly to the rank of professor of medicine. She actively cared for heart patients, taught medical students, residents and fellows, wrote more than 100 peer reviewed scientific papers, and became known nationally and internationally for her work in coronary heart disease and cardiovascular pathology. Her research, spanning the bench to the bedside, focused on structural changes in the heart in a wide range of diseases including the remodeling of the cardiac ventricles after heart attacks and its consequences, such as ventricular aneurysms, myocardial rupture, and heart failure. Healy's work also brought focus to significant differences between men and women in the nature of their coronary and valvular heart disease.

For eight years Healy was head of the coronary care unit at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. At the medical school she served as assistant dean for post-doctoral programs and faculty development. During that time she organized a nationally covered Mary Elizabeth Garrett symposium on women in medicine which examined the opportunities and hurdles faced by women physicians roughly 90 years after the founding of the medical school in 1893, and at the same time honored Ms. Garrett, the Victorian socialite and philanthropist who made sure Hopkins, from it opening, admitted women and men precisely on the same terms.

Affiliations

While at Johns Hopkins, Healy held several leadership positions in organizations such as the American Federation of Clinical Research, the American College of Cardiology, and the American Heart Association, an organization she later led as its volunteer president, and served on advisory committees to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.

The Age of Autism anti-vaccine advocacy group named her 2008 Person of the Year.

Government service

Presidential Advisor

President Ronald Reagan appointed Healy deputy director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. She served as chairman of the White House Cabinet Group on Biotechnology, executive secretary of the White House Science Council's Panel on the Health of Universities, and a member of several advisory groups on developing government wide guidelines for research in human subjects, and for the humane treatment of animals in research. She subsequently served on the President's Council of Advisers on Science and Technology during the administration of Presidents George H.W. Bush and George W. Bush.

NIH

Healy was director of the Research Institute at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation when President George H. W. Bush tapped her in 1991 to become director of the NIH, its first woman head. The agency had been without leadership for almost two years, and she was charged with refocusing research priorities and addressing bureaucratic and political issues that were jeopardizing the agency's mission at the time.

Healy took on many initiatives during her two years at the helm. Among them, she oversaw the development of a major intramural laboratory for human genomics and recruited a world-renowned team to head the Human Genome Project, elevated nursing research to an independent NIH institute, strengthened a policy whereby the NIH would fund only those clinical trials that included both men and women when the condition being studied affects both genders, and facilitated reentry of three behavioral institutes that had been separated from the NIH previously because of the stigma associated with mental illness.

Perhaps Healy's most widespread NIH brainchild was the Women's Health Initiative, a $625 million effort to study the causes, prevention, and cures of diseases that affect women at midlife and beyond. The study continues to unearth critical information, including evidence in 2002 that combined hormone replacement therapy increases the risk of invasive breast cancers by 26% and heart attack by 27%, as well as an increased risk for stroke. The study's findings have resulted in a permanent 15% annual reduction in invasive estrogen positive breast cancer in post menopausal women in the U.S.; The HRT (hormone replacement) drug market in the U.S. simultaneously dropped by $1 billion, twelve months after the study's results were publicized, as 60% fewer women stopped filling their HRT prescriptions.

Healy's impact on research policy reaches far beyond her NIH term. As president of the American Heart Association from 1988 to 1989, she sought to convince both the public and medical community that heart disease is also a woman's disease, "not a man's disease in disguise." Appointed president of the American Red Cross in 1999, Healy worked to improve the safety and availability of the American blood supply while overseeing the development of a Weapons of Mass Destruction response program. In 2001 she led the organization’s response to the September 11 attacks.

U.S. Senate candidate

Healy was a Republican candidate for the U.S. Senate in 1994. She ran in the GOP primary, and came in second in a four-person race. Lt. Gov. Mike DeWine won and prevailed in the general election.

Cleveland Clinic

In 1985 Healy left Washington and moved to Cleveland where she became Chairman of the Cleveland Clinic Research Institute and also practiced cardiology. In addition to building major new programs in molecular biology, neuroscience, and cancer biology, she headed a large NIH-funded research program in hypertension, and was the lead investigator for the Cleveland Clinic's participation in a major clinical research study comparing angioplasty with coronary artery bypass surgery. She also headed the NIH advisory board for another multi-center clinical study that showed statins could slow course of atherosclerosis in coronary artery bypass grafts. During this time she initiated a medical student program in alliance with Ohio State University that served as a precursor of the founding of the Cleveland Clinic College of Medicine in 2004.

Ohio State University

Healy served as professor and Dean of the College of medicine from 1995 to 1999. During her tenure, the college expanded its public health programs to become a School of Public Health,re-christening the College of Medicine into a College of Medicine and Public Health. This was the first School of Public Health in the state of Ohio.

With her efforts the medical school became designated as a National Center of Excellence in Women's Health. A new department of orthopaedics was created along with a planned development of a Musculoskeletal Institute. The James Cancer Center expanded its efforts in basic research with recruitment of Dr. Albert de la Chappelle, a world famous geneticist, and Dr. Clara Bloomfield, an oncologist and leukemia researcher; together, they expanded the college's programs in cancer research and tumor genetics. Cardiovascular research and practice was grew with the recruitment of Dr. Robert Michler of Columbia University, who helped to revitalize the thoracic surgery and heart transplantation, and developed one of the earliest robotic heart surgery programs. And the leadership of cardiologist and researcher Dr. Pascal Goldschmidt, recruited from Johns Hopkins, led to the creation of the Heart and Lung Institute.

American Red Cross

Healy was recruited away from Ohio State to become President and CEO of the American Red Cross in late 1999, succeeding Elizabeth Dole. From the outset she strove to unite the various services and volunteers under the banner of Together we can save a life. Her tenure at the Red Cross was not without controversy. In the spring of 2001 the FDA issued a record fine to the Red Cross for mishandling CMV infected blood products. A lack luster performance during the 9/11 crisis (including the Red Cross failing to show up at the Pentagon crash site) led to her resignation under pressure. The American Red Cross and Healy in particular, were criticized in the media, by New York State Attorney General Eliot Spitzer, and by some in Congress for designating funds for 9/11 related activities that did not directly involve victims. Healy, who had taken controversial stands on Magen David Adom and auditing and financial controls of chapters, had crossed swords on these issues with a few board members and chapter heads. In mid-November, to quiet the criticism of the Liberty Fund, the Board redirected all of the funds dollars to those who had suffered or faced hardships at the attack site and made the change retroactive to 9/11. Healy departed the organization as president on December 31, 2001.

Advisory Boards

Healy has served on numerous medical advisory committees and boards over her career. They include committees the National Academy of Science's Institute of Medicine,of which she is a member, and the national Academy of Engineering; the Department of Energy, NASA, and the National Institutes of Health. She participated briefly on an Advisory board of The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition,(an organization later shown to have been funded by Philip Morris) and served on numerous advisory groups and Boards of the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology, where she was an outspoken critic of smoking and its effects on the cardiovascular system.

Press

Over her career Healy served as a medical commentator and consultant for CBS, PBS and MSNBC, and has made numerous appearances on CNN, C-SPAN and FOX News. Healy has written a column, "On Health", for US News and World Report since 2003 on a wide array of medical topics from women's health to marijuana, coronary artery disease to cancer, tattoos to male circumcision, and medical preparedness to health reform.

Healy became the focus of controversy when she questioned the 2004 finding of the Institute of Medicine that the evidence refuting a link between childhood vaccinations and autism was conclusive. She suggested a government conspiracy against further research in a nationally televised CBS interview with Sharyl Attkisson.

Family

Healy is married to cardiologist and heart surgeon Floyd D. Loop, a former CEO of the Cleveland Clinic. She and her husband have one daughter, Marie McGrath Loop. Healy has another daughter, Bartlett Bulkley, from her previous marriage.

External links

• Bernadine Healy biodata
• Press release from Ohio State University regarding Healy's departure
• Mount Union College 2004 commencement speaker information
• Lakeland Community College 2002 commencement speaker information
• Gale Group bio
• Changing Face of Medicine
• US News and World Report columns