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{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = José Coll y Cuchí
| name = José Coll y Cuchi
| birth_date = January 12, 1877
| birth_date = January 12, 1877
| birth_place = [[Arecibo, Puerto Rico]]
| birth_place = [[Arecibo, Puerto Rico]]
Line 19: Line 19:
}}
}}
{{Puerto Rican Nationalist Party}}
{{Puerto Rican Nationalist Party}}
'''José Coll y Cuchí''' (January 12, 1877 – July 2, 1960) was a [[lawyer]], [[writer]] and the founder of the [[Puerto Rican Nationalist Party]].
'''José Coll y Cuchi''' (January 12, 1877 – July 2, 1960) was a [[lawyer]], [[writer]] and the founder of the [[Puerto Rican Nationalist Party]].
==Early years==
==Early years==
Coll y Cuchí was born in [[Arecibo]], [[Puerto Rico]] into a well-to-do family that taught him about the value and benefits of a good education. His father was [[Cayetano Coll y Toste]], a renowned historian who in 1913 was named the "Official Historian of Puerto Rico" and his mother Adela, was the daughter of José Cuchí y Arnau former mayor of Arecibo. His family was able to afford the luxury of sending him to private schools for his primary and secondary education.<ref name="END">[http://www.zonai.com/promociones/biografias/0101/josecampeche.asp El Nuevo Dia]</ref> In 1896, Coll y Cuchí's family sent him to [[Spain]] where he earned his degree in law from the [[University of Barcelona]]. During his stay in Spain, he became interested in politics and became involved with the Puerto Rico's independence movement.<ref name="END"/>
Coll y Cuchi was born in [[Arecibo]], [[Puerto Rico]] into a well-to-do family that taught him about the value and benefits of a good education. His father was [[Cayetano Coll y Toste]], a renowned historian who in 1913 was named the "Official Historian of Puerto Rico" and his mother Adela, was the daughter of José Cuchi y Arnau former mayor of Arecibo. His family was able to afford the luxury of sending him to private schools for his primary and secondary education.<ref name="END">[http://www.zonai.com/promociones/biografias/0101/josecampeche.asp El Nuevo Dia]</ref> In 1896, Coll y Cuchi's family sent him to [[Spain]] where he earned his degree in law from the [[University of Barcelona]]. During his stay in Spain, he became interested in politics and became involved with the Puerto Rico's independence movement.<ref name="END"/>


When Coll y Cuchí returned to Puerto Rico, he found himself with a totally different political situation. The island which once belonged to the Spanish Crown was now a territory of the [[United States|American]]. This came about as part of the accord of the [[Treaty of Paris (1898)|Treaty of Paris]] as a consequence of the outcome of the [[Spanish-American War]].
When Coll y Cuchi returned to Puerto Rico, he found himself with a totally different political situation. The island which once belonged to the Spanish Crown was now a territory of the [[United States|American]]. This came about as part of the accord of the [[Treaty of Paris (1898)|Treaty of Paris]] as a consequence of the outcome of the [[Spanish-American War]].
==Politician==
==Politician==
In 1904, he joined the Puerto Rican Republican Party and was elected to the Puerto Rican Chamber of Delegates. Believing that Puerto Rico's identity as a nation was threaten by the [[Foraker Law]], he decided to join the Puerto Rican Union Party headed by [[Antonio R. Barceló]] and was re-elected to the Chamber of Delegates in 1908. As member of the Chamber, he led the fight against the Foraker Law, also known as the Organic Act of 1900, which established a civilian government in the island. The new government had an [[UNited States|American]] governor and executive council appointed by the [[President of the United States]].<ref name="END"/>
In 1904, he joined the Puerto Rican Republican Party and was elected to the Puerto Rican Chamber of Delegates. Believing that Puerto Rico's identity as a nation was threaten by the [[Foraker Law]], he decided to join the Puerto Rican Union Party headed by [[Antonio R. Barceló]] and was re-elected to the Chamber of Delegates in 1908. As member of the Chamber, he led the fight against the Foraker Law, also known as the Organic Act of 1900, which established a civilian government in the island. The new government had an [[UNited States|American]] governor and executive council appointed by the [[President of the United States]].<ref name="END"/>


By 1919, Coll y Cuchí felt that the Union Party wasn't doing enough for the cause of Puerto Rico and together with some followers departed from the party and formed the Nationalist Association of Puerto Rico in [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]]. During that time there were two other organizations that were pro-independence, they were the Nationalist Youth and the Independence Association.<ref name="END"/> Under Coll y Cuchí's presidency, the party was able to convince the Puerto Rican Legislature Assembly to approve an act that would permit the transfer of the mortal remains of Puerto Rican patriot [[Ramón Emeterio Betances]] from [[Paris]], [[France]] to Puerto Rico. Betances' remains arrived in San Juan, Puerto Rico on August 5, 1920 and a funeral caravan organized by the Nationalist Association transferred the remains from the capital to the town of [[Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico|Cabo Rojo]] where his ashes were interred by his monument.
By 1919, Coll y Cuchi felt that the Union Party wasn't doing enough for the cause of Puerto Rico and together with some followers departed from the party and formed the Nationalist Association of Puerto Rico in [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]]. During that time there were two other organizations that were pro-independence, they were the Nationalist Youth and the Independence Association.<ref name="END"/> Under Coll y Cuchi's presidency, the party was able to convince the Puerto Rican Legislature Assembly to approve an act that would permit the transfer of the mortal remains of Puerto Rican patriot [[Ramón Emeterio Betances]] from [[Paris]], [[France]] to Puerto Rico. Betances' remains arrived in San Juan, Puerto Rico on August 5, 1920 and a funeral caravan organized by the Nationalist Association transferred the remains from the capital to the town of [[Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico|Cabo Rojo]] where his ashes were interred by his monument.
==Founding of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party==
==Founding of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party==
On September 17, 1922, the three political organizations joined forces and formed the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. Coll y Cuchí was elected president and José S. Alegría (father of [[Ricardo Alegria]]) vice-president. In 1924 Dr. [[Pedro Albizu Campos]] joined the party and was named vice-president.<ref name="END"/>
On September 17, 1922, the three political organizations joined forces and formed the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. Coll y Cuchi was elected president and José S. Alegría (father of [[Ricardo Alegria]]) vice-president. In 1924 Dr. [[Pedro Albizu Campos]] joined the party and was named vice-president.<ref name="END"/>


In 1927, Coll y Cuchí was invited to Columbia University to give a conference. At that conference the governor of New York [[Al Smith]] was present and congratulated Coll y Cuchí. When Smith ran for President of the U.S. in 1928, under the democratic ticket, he invited Coll y Cuchí to come to the U.S. and campaign for him among the [[Hispanic]] communities, which he did. The Nationalist Party did poorly in the 1928 elections, they only received 399 votes out of a total of 253,520 votes.<ref name="LMM">Luis Muñoz Marín, By A. W. Maldonado, Pg. 86, Publisher: La Editorial, Universidad de Puerto Rico , (December 1, 2006) , ISBN 0847701581, ISBN 978-0847701582</ref>
In 1927, Coll y Cuchi was invited to Columbia University to give a conference. At that conference the governor of New York [[Al Smith]] was present and congratulated Coll y Cuchi. When Smith ran for President of the U.S. in 1928, under the democratic ticket, he invited Coll y Cuchi to come to the U.S. and campaign for him among the [[Hispanic]] communities, which he did. The Nationalist Party did poorly in the 1928 elections, they only received 399 votes out of a total of 253,520 votes.<ref name="LMM">Luis Muñoz Marín, By A. W. Maldonado, Pg. 86, Publisher: La Editorial, Universidad de Puerto Rico , (December 1, 2006) , ISBN 0847701581, ISBN 978-0847701582</ref>


Despite the fact that he was a leader in the independence movement, Coll y Cuchí displayed respect and admiration towards the Americans. Albizu Campos did not like what he considered was Coll y Cuchí's attitude of fraternal solidarity with the enemy. By 1930, there were more disagreements between Coll y Cuchi and Albizu as to how the party should be run. As a result Coll y Cuchí abandoned the party and some of his followers returned to the Union Party. On May 11, 1930, Albizu Campos was elected president of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. In 1931, when President [[Herbert Hoover]] visited Puerto Rico, Coll y Cuchí urged the islanders to greet him with a warm welcome.<ref name="LMM"/>
Despite the fact that he was a leader in the independence movement, Coll y Cuchi displayed respect and admiration towards the Americans. Albizu Campos did not like what he considered was Coll y Cuchi's attitude of fraternal solidarity with the enemy. By 1930, there were more disagreements between Coll y Cuchi and Albizu as to how the party should be run. As a result Coll y Cuchi abandoned the party and some of his followers returned to the Union Party. On May 11, 1930, Albizu Campos was elected president of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. In 1931, when President [[Herbert Hoover]] visited Puerto Rico, Coll y Cuchi urged the islanders to greet him with a warm welcome.<ref name="LMM"/>


==Later years==
==Later years==

Revision as of 13:18, 7 April 2011

José Coll y Cuchi
Founder of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
BornJanuary 12, 1877
Arecibo, Puerto Rico
DiedJuly 2, 1960
Santurce, Puerto Rico
NationalityPuerto Rican
MovementPuerto Rican Nationalist Party
Part of a series on the
Puerto Rican
Nationalist Party
Flag of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
Events and revolts
Nationalist leaders
Notable nationalists

José Coll y Cuchi (January 12, 1877 – July 2, 1960) was a lawyer, writer and the founder of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party.

Early years

Coll y Cuchi was born in Arecibo, Puerto Rico into a well-to-do family that taught him about the value and benefits of a good education. His father was Cayetano Coll y Toste, a renowned historian who in 1913 was named the "Official Historian of Puerto Rico" and his mother Adela, was the daughter of José Cuchi y Arnau former mayor of Arecibo. His family was able to afford the luxury of sending him to private schools for his primary and secondary education.[1] In 1896, Coll y Cuchi's family sent him to Spain where he earned his degree in law from the University of Barcelona. During his stay in Spain, he became interested in politics and became involved with the Puerto Rico's independence movement.[1]

When Coll y Cuchi returned to Puerto Rico, he found himself with a totally different political situation. The island which once belonged to the Spanish Crown was now a territory of the American. This came about as part of the accord of the Treaty of Paris as a consequence of the outcome of the Spanish-American War.

Politician

In 1904, he joined the Puerto Rican Republican Party and was elected to the Puerto Rican Chamber of Delegates. Believing that Puerto Rico's identity as a nation was threaten by the Foraker Law, he decided to join the Puerto Rican Union Party headed by Antonio R. Barceló and was re-elected to the Chamber of Delegates in 1908. As member of the Chamber, he led the fight against the Foraker Law, also known as the Organic Act of 1900, which established a civilian government in the island. The new government had an American governor and executive council appointed by the President of the United States.[1]

By 1919, Coll y Cuchi felt that the Union Party wasn't doing enough for the cause of Puerto Rico and together with some followers departed from the party and formed the Nationalist Association of Puerto Rico in San Juan. During that time there were two other organizations that were pro-independence, they were the Nationalist Youth and the Independence Association.[1] Under Coll y Cuchi's presidency, the party was able to convince the Puerto Rican Legislature Assembly to approve an act that would permit the transfer of the mortal remains of Puerto Rican patriot Ramón Emeterio Betances from Paris, France to Puerto Rico. Betances' remains arrived in San Juan, Puerto Rico on August 5, 1920 and a funeral caravan organized by the Nationalist Association transferred the remains from the capital to the town of Cabo Rojo where his ashes were interred by his monument.

Founding of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party

On September 17, 1922, the three political organizations joined forces and formed the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. Coll y Cuchi was elected president and José S. Alegría (father of Ricardo Alegria) vice-president. In 1924 Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos joined the party and was named vice-president.[1]

In 1927, Coll y Cuchi was invited to Columbia University to give a conference. At that conference the governor of New York Al Smith was present and congratulated Coll y Cuchi. When Smith ran for President of the U.S. in 1928, under the democratic ticket, he invited Coll y Cuchi to come to the U.S. and campaign for him among the Hispanic communities, which he did. The Nationalist Party did poorly in the 1928 elections, they only received 399 votes out of a total of 253,520 votes.[2]

Despite the fact that he was a leader in the independence movement, Coll y Cuchi displayed respect and admiration towards the Americans. Albizu Campos did not like what he considered was Coll y Cuchi's attitude of fraternal solidarity with the enemy. By 1930, there were more disagreements between Coll y Cuchi and Albizu as to how the party should be run. As a result Coll y Cuchi abandoned the party and some of his followers returned to the Union Party. On May 11, 1930, Albizu Campos was elected president of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. In 1931, when President Herbert Hoover visited Puerto Rico, Coll y Cuchi urged the islanders to greet him with a warm welcome.[2]

Later years

Coll y Cuchi was director of Puerto Rican Athaeneum's Political Sciences Section. He is the only Puerto Rican to have received the Medal of Honor from Spain's "Royal Academy of the Spanish Language" for the best book published during a five year span. Coll y Cuchi never abandoned his pro-independence ideals and continued to be active in the independence cause. José Coll y Cuchi died in Santurce, Puerto Rico on July 2, 1960.[1]

Written works

Among his written works are the following:

  • The Secular Issues of the Jewish People
  • America's Doctrine
  • Nationalism in Puerto Rico (1923)

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f El Nuevo Dia
  2. ^ a b Luis Muñoz Marín, By A. W. Maldonado, Pg. 86, Publisher: La Editorial, Universidad de Puerto Rico , (December 1, 2006) , ISBN 0847701581, ISBN 978-0847701582

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