Jyutping: Difference between revisions
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{{Chinese|size=210|t=粵拼|s=粤拼|p=Yuèpīn|y=Yuhtping|j=Jyut6ping3}} |
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'''Jyutping''' (sometimes spelled '''Jyutpin''') is a [[romanization]] system for [[Standard Cantonese|Cantonese]] developed by the [[Linguistic Society of Hong Kong]] (LSHK) in 1993. Its formal name is '''''The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme'''''. The LSHK promotes the use of this romanization system. |
'''Jyutping''' (pronounced {{IPA|[jyːt̚˨ pʰɪŋ˧]}}, sometimes spelled '''Jyutpin''') is a [[romanization]] system for [[Standard Cantonese|Cantonese]] developed by the [[Linguistic Society of Hong Kong]] (LSHK) in 1993. Its formal name is '''''The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme'''''. The LSHK promotes the use of this romanization system. |
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The name ''Jyutping'' (itself the Jyutping romanization of the Chinese name 粵拼) is a [[contraction (grammar)|contraction]] consisting of the first [[Chinese character]]s of the terms ''Jyut jyu'' ([[wikt:粵語|粵語]], meaning "[[Yue language]]") and ''ping jam'' ([[wikt:拼音|拼音]] "phonetic alphabet"). |
The name ''Jyutping'' (itself the Jyutping romanization of the Chinese name 粵拼) is a [[contraction (grammar)|contraction]] consisting of the first [[Chinese character]]s of the terms ''Jyut jyu'' ([[wikt:粵語|粵語]], meaning "[[Yue language]]") and ''ping jam'' ([[wikt:拼音|拼音]] "phonetic alphabet"). |
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{{RCL}}{{IPA notice}} |
{{RCL}}{{IPA notice}} |
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(Note that the "j" used by this romanization system is the "j" used by [[IPA]], which is equivalent to the "y" used by English speakers or most Chinese romanization systems.) |
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== Initials == |
== Initials == |
Revision as of 03:09, 22 April 2011
Jyutping | |||||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 粵拼 | ||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 粤拼 | ||||||||||||
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Jyutping (pronounced [jyːt̚˨ pʰɪŋ˧], sometimes spelled Jyutpin) is a romanization system for Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) in 1993. Its formal name is The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme. The LSHK promotes the use of this romanization system.
The name Jyutping (itself the Jyutping romanization of the Chinese name 粵拼) is a contraction consisting of the first Chinese characters of the terms Jyut jyu (粵語, meaning "Yue language") and ping jam (拼音 "phonetic alphabet").
Transliteration of Chinese |
---|
Mandarin |
Wu |
Yue |
Min |
Gan |
Hakka |
Xiang |
Polylectal |
See also |
Initials
b /p/ 巴 |
p /pʰ/ 怕 |
m /m/ 媽 |
f /f/ 花 |
|
d /t/ 打 |
t /tʰ/ 他 |
n /n/ 那 |
l /l/ 啦 | |
g /k/ 家 |
k /kʰ/ 卡 |
ng /ŋ/ 牙 |
h /h/ 蝦 |
|
gw /kʷ/ 瓜 |
kw /kʷʰ/ 誇 |
w /w/ 蛙 | ||
z /ts/ 渣 |
c /tsʰ/ 叉 |
s /s/ 沙 |
j /j/ 也 |
Finals
aa /aː/ 沙 |
aai /aːi/ 徙 |
aau /aːu/ 梢 |
aam /aːm/ 三 |
aan /aːn/ 山 |
aang /aːŋ/ 坑 |
aap /aːp/ 圾 |
aat /aːt/ 剎 |
aak /aːk/ 客 |
ai /ɐi/ 西 |
au /ɐu/ 收 |
am /ɐm/ 心 |
an /ɐn/ 新 |
ang /ɐŋ/ 笙 |
ap /ɐp/ 濕 |
at /ɐt/ 失 |
ak /ɐk/ 塞 | |
e /ɛː/ 些 |
ei /ei/ 四 |
eu /ɛːu/ 掉[1] |
em /ɛːm/ 舐[2] |
eng /ɛːŋ/ 鄭 |
ep /ɛːp/ 夾[3] |
ek /ɛːk/ 石 | ||
i /iː/ 詩 |
iu /iːu/ 消 |
im /iːm/ 閃 |
in /iːn/ 先 |
ing /ɪŋ/ 星 |
ip /iːp/ 攝 |
it /iːt/ 洩 |
ik /ɪk/ 識 | |
o /ɔː/ 疏 |
oi /ɔːi/ 開 |
ou /ou/ 蘇 |
on /ɔːn/ 看 |
ong /ɔːŋ/ 桑 |
ot /ɔːt/ 喝 |
ok /ɔːk/ 索 | ||
u /uː/ 夫 |
ui /uːi/ 灰 |
un /uːn/ 寬 |
ung /ʊŋ/ 鬆 |
ut /uːt/ 闊 |
uk /ʊk/ 叔 | |||
oe /œː/ 鋸 |
oeng /œːŋ/ 商 |
oek /œːk/ 削 | ||||||
eoi /ɵy/ 需 |
eon /ɵn/ 詢 |
eot /ɵt/ 摔 |
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yu /yː/ 書 |
yun /yːn/ 孫 |
yut /yːt/ 雪 |
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m /m̩/ 唔 |
ng /ŋ̩/ 吳 |
- The finals m and ng can only be used as standalone nasal syllables.
- ^ ^ ^ Referring to the colloquial pronunciation of these words.
Tones
There are nine tones in six distinct tone contours in Cantonese. However, as three of the nine are entering tones (入聲), which only appear in syllables ending with p, t, and k, they do not have separate tone numbers in Jyutping (though they do in Yale; these are shown in parentheses in table below).
Tone name | Jam1 Ping4 (陰平) |
Jam1 Soeng5 (陰上) |
Jam1 Heoi3 (陰去) |
Joeng4 Ping4 (陽平) |
Joeng4 Soeng5 (陽上) |
Joeng4 Heoi3 (陽去) |
Soeng6 Jam1 Jap6 (上陰入) |
Haa6 Jam1 Jap6 (下陰入) |
Joeng4 Jap6 (陽入) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tone Number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 (7) | 3 (8) | 6 (9) |
The tone name in English | high level or high falling | mid rising | mid level | low falling | low rising | low level | entering high level | entering mid level | entering low level |
Contour [1] | 55 / 53 | 35 / 25 | 33 | 21 / 11 | 13 / 23 | 22 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
Character Example | 分 | 粉 | 訓 | 焚 | 奮 | 份 | 忽 | 發 | 佛 |
Example | fan1 | fan2 | fan3 | fan4 | fan5 | fan6 | fat1 | faat3 | fat6 |
Comparison with Yale Romanization
Jyutping and the Yale romanization system of Cantonese represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:
- The initials: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, ng, h, s, gw, kw, w.
- The vowel: aa (except when using alone), a, e, i, o, u,yu.
- The nasal consonant: m, ng.
- The coda: i, u, m, n, ng, p, t, k.
But there are the following differences:
- The vowels eo and oe represent /ɵ/ and /œː/ respectively in Jyutping, while the eu represents both vowels in Yale.
- The initial j represents /j/ in Jyutping while y is used instead in Yale.
- The initial z represents /ts/ in Jyutping while j is used instead in Yale.
- The initial c represents /tsʰ/ in Jyutping while ch is used instead in Yale.
- In Jyutping, if no consonant precedes the vowel yu, then the initial j is appended before the vowel. In Yale, the corresponding initial y is never appended before yu under any circumstances.
- Jyutping defines three finals not in Yale: eu /ɛːu/, em /ɛːm/, and ep /ɛːp/. These three finals are used in colloquial Cantonese words, such as deu6 (掉), lem2 (舐), and gep6 (夾).
- To represent tones, only tone numbers are used in Jyutping while Yale originally uses tone marks together with the letter h (though tone numbers can be used in Yale as well).
Comparison with Cantonese Pinyin
Jyutping and the Cantonese Pinyin represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:
- The initials: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, ng, h, s, gw, kw, j, w.
- The vowel: aa, a, e, i, o, u.
- The nasal consonant: m, ng.
- The coda: i (except of being the coda /y/ in Jyutping), u, m, n, ng, p, t, k.
But they have some differences:
- The vowels oe represent /ɵ/ and /œː/ in Cantonese Pinyin while the eo and oe represent /ɵ/ and /œː/ respectively in Jyutping.
- The vowel y represent /y/ in Cantonese Pinyin while both yu (use in nucleus) and i (use in coda) is used in Jyutping.
- The initial dz represents /ts/ in Cantonese Pinyin while z is used instead in Jyutping.
- The initial ts represents /tsʰ/ in Cantonese Pinyin while c is used instead in Jyutping.
- To represent tone, numbers 1 to 9 are usually used in Cantonese Pinyin (as in Yale), though substituting 1, 3, and 6 for 7, 8, and 9 is acceptable. However, only numbers 1 to 6 are used in Jyutping.
Examples
Traditional | Simplified | Romanization |
---|---|---|
廣州話 | 广州话 | gwong2 zau1 waa2 |
粵語 | 粤语 | jyut6 jyu5 |
你好 | 你好 | nei5 hou2 |
Pronunciation in an old Chinese poem:
春曉 孟浩然 | Ceon1 Hiu2 Maang6 Hou6jin4 |
春眠不覺曉, | Ceon1 min4 bat1 gok3 hiu2, |
處處聞啼鳥。 | cyu3 cyu3 man4 tai4 niu5. |
夜來風雨聲, | Je6 loi4 fung1 jyu5 sing1, |
花落知多少? | faa1 lok6 zi1 do1 siu2? |
Jyutping input method
The Jyutping method (Chinese: 粵拼輸入法) refers to a family of input methods based on the Jyutping romanization system.
The Jyutping method allows a user to input Chinese characters by entering the jyutping of a Chinese character (with or without tone, depending on the system) and then presenting the user with a list of possible characters with that pronunciation.
List of Cantonese phonetic methods
- Yahoo's list of Cantonese IME
- Online Cantonese Input Method (網上廣東話輸入法)
- MDBG
- CantoInput
- CantonIM for Macintosh Mac OS X
- Red Dragonfly
- LSHK Jyutping for Macintosh Mac OS X and OS 9 (The page also includes Yale input version 0.2)
- Smart Jyutping IME
- Waisek Chinese Input Method (緯石廣東話拼音中文輸入法)
- LSHK? (輕鬆粵語輸入法)
- Simplified phonetic? (粵語簡拼輸入法)
- Microsoft Office Hong Kong Cantonese IME (微軟香港粵語輸入法)
Footnotes
- ^ MATTHEWS, S.; YIP, V. Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar; London: Routledge, 1994
External links
- LSHK Cantonese Romanization Scheme
- Jyutping Pronunciation Guide
- 粵語拼盤: Learning the phonetic system of Cantonese
- Chinese Character Database (Phonologically Disambiguated According to the Cantonese Dialect)
- The CantoDict Project is a dedicated Cantonese-Mandarin-English online dictionary which uses Jyutping by default
- MDBG free online Chinese-English dictionary (supports both Jyutping and Yale romanization)
- 粵拼易 JyutPingEasy.Net: a website that transliterates Chinese characters to Jyutping