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==Background==
==Background==
According to the ''New York Magazine'' in a 2010 interview, Spencer's father worked for the [[Voice of America]] during the [[Cold War]], and in his younger days, Spencer himself worked at Revolution Books, a [[Communist]] bookstore in [[New York City]] founded by [[Robert Avakian]].<ref name="Muhammad comes to">{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/news/features/67635/index2.html|title=Muhammad Comes to Manhattan|publisher=New York Magazine|author= Mark Jacobson|date=August 22, 2010|accessdate=November 1, 2010}}</ref> Spencer is a practicing [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church|Melkite Greek Catholic]].<ref name="Spencer bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.jihadwatch.org/about-robert-spencer.html|title=About Robert Spencer|publisher=Jihad Watch|accessdate=October 29, 2010}}</ref><ref name="Spero News">{{cite news|url=http://www.speroforum.com/a/42470/Pope-must-condemn-demonizing-of-Israel|title=Pope must condemn demonizing of Israel|last=Spencer|first=Robert|date=October 26, 2010|work=[[Spero News]]}}</ref> It is a religion whose adherents are, according to Spencer, "mostly concentrated in Lebanon and Syria, also in Jordan and the Palestinian territories."<ref name="lamb"/> By his account his grandparents were forced to immigrate from an area that is now part of Turkey because they were Christians, but he has not indicated his family's ethnic origin.<ref name="lamb">{{cite web|url=http://www.q-and-a.org/Transcript/?ProgramID=1086|date=August 20, 2006|title=Robert Spencer Jihad Watch, Director Q & A with Brian Lamb|publisher=CSpan|accessdate=October 31, 2010}}</ref>
According to the ''New York Magazine'' in a 2010 interview, Spencer's father worked for the [[Voice of America]] during the [[Cold War]], and in his younger days, Spencer himself worked at Revolution Books, a [[Communist]] bookstore in [[New York City]] founded by [[Robert Avakian]].<ref name="Muhammad comes to">{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/news/features/67635/index2.html|title=Muhammad Comes to Manhattan|publisher=New York Magazine|author= Mark Jacobson|date=August 22, 2010|accessdate=November 1, 2010}}</ref> Spencer is a practicing [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church|Melkite Greek Catholic]].<ref name="Spencer bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.jihadwatch.org/about-robert-spencer.html|title=About Robert Spencer|publisher=Jihad Watch|accessdate=October 29, 2010}}</ref><ref name="Spero News">{{cite news|url=http://www.speroforum.com/a/42470/Pope-must-condemn-demonizing-of-Israel|title=Pope must condemn demonizing of Israel|last=Spencer|first=Robert|date=October 26, 2010|work=[[Spero News]]}}</ref> It is a rite of the [[Catholic Church]] whose adherents are, according to Spencer, "mostly concentrated in Lebanon and Syria, also in Jordan and the Palestinian territories."<ref name="lamb"/> By his account his grandparents were forced to immigrate from an area that is now part of Turkey because they were Christians, but he has not indicated his family's ethnic origin.<ref name="lamb">{{cite web|url=http://www.q-and-a.org/Transcript/?ProgramID=1086|date=August 20, 2006|title=Robert Spencer Jihad Watch, Director Q & A with Brian Lamb|publisher=CSpan|accessdate=October 31, 2010}}</ref>


Spencer received a B.A. in 1983 and an M.A. in 1986 in [[religious studies]] from the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]]. His masters thesis was on a Catholic history topic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webcat.lib.unc.edu/search/aspencer%2C+robert/aspencer+robert/1%2C15%2C59%2CB/frameset&FF=aspencer+robert+bruce&1%2C1%2C|publisher=UNC-CH Libraries|work=Davis Library Thesis, Religion, 1986|title=The monophysite in the mirror, by Robert Bruce Spencer}}</ref> He recently has claimed to have been studying Islamic theology, law, and history on his own since 1980.<ref name="lamb"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://trib.com/news/local/article_2428fa7c-c843-561b-80ac-b243218b92be.html |title=Marines gather to honor, celebrate |publisher=Trib.com |date=2005-10-26 |accessdate=2010-11-01}}</ref> He worked in [[think tank]]s for more than 20 years, according to ''New York Magazine''<ref name="Muhammad comes to"/> and did a stint as an adjunct fellow with the [[Free Congress Foundation]] in 2002 and 2003, an arm of the [[Heritage Foundation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jihadwatch.org/about-robert-spencer.html |title=About Robert Spencer |publisher=Jihad Watch |date= |accessdate=2010-11-25}}</ref><ref name="tribute">{{cite web | url= http://www.catholic.org/national/national_story.php?id=31171 | title=A Tribute: Paul Weyrich Has Died | date=December 19, 2008|accessdate=December 16, 2010| author= Robert Spencer|publisher=Catholic Online}}</ref> Spencer named [[Paul Weyrich]], also a Melkite Catholic, as a mentor of his writings on Islam. Spencer writes, "Paul Weyrich taught me a great deal, by word and by example -- about how to deal both personally and professionally with the slanders and smears that are a daily aspect of this work."<ref name="tribute"/> Spencer's first book on Islam was published in 2002.
Spencer received a B.A. in 1983 and an M.A. in 1986 in [[religious studies]] from the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]]. His masters thesis was on a Catholic history topic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webcat.lib.unc.edu/search/aspencer%2C+robert/aspencer+robert/1%2C15%2C59%2CB/frameset&FF=aspencer+robert+bruce&1%2C1%2C|publisher=UNC-CH Libraries|work=Davis Library Thesis, Religion, 1986|title=The monophysite in the mirror, by Robert Bruce Spencer}}</ref> He recently has claimed to have been studying Islamic theology, law, and history on his own since 1980.<ref name="lamb"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://trib.com/news/local/article_2428fa7c-c843-561b-80ac-b243218b92be.html |title=Marines gather to honor, celebrate |publisher=Trib.com |date=2005-10-26 |accessdate=2010-11-01}}</ref> He worked in [[think tank]]s for more than 20 years, according to ''New York Magazine''<ref name="Muhammad comes to"/> and did a stint as an adjunct fellow with the [[Free Congress Foundation]] in 2002 and 2003, an arm of the [[Heritage Foundation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jihadwatch.org/about-robert-spencer.html |title=About Robert Spencer |publisher=Jihad Watch |date= |accessdate=2010-11-25}}</ref><ref name="tribute">{{cite web | url= http://www.catholic.org/national/national_story.php?id=31171 | title=A Tribute: Paul Weyrich Has Died | date=December 19, 2008|accessdate=December 16, 2010| author= Robert Spencer|publisher=Catholic Online}}</ref> Spencer named [[Paul Weyrich]], also a Melkite Catholic, as a mentor of his writings on Islam. Spencer writes, "Paul Weyrich taught me a great deal, by word and by example -- about how to deal both personally and professionally with the slanders and smears that are a daily aspect of this work."<ref name="tribute"/> Spencer's first book on Islam was published in 2002.

Revision as of 18:03, 26 July 2011

For other people named Robert Spencer, see Robert Spencer
Robert Spencer
Born1962 (age 61–62)
NationalityAmerican
Alma materThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, B.A. (1983),
M.A. (1986), religious studies)
Occupation(s)Author and blogger
Years active2002 to present
Known forCriticism of Islam,
books and websites about
Jihad and Islamic terrorism
Notable workThe Truth About Muhammad: Founder of the World's Most Intolerant Religion, (2006)
The Politically Incorrect Guide to Islam (And the Crusades), (2005)
StyleAdvocacy journalism
Websitewww.jihadwatch.org

Robert Bruce Spencer (born 1962) is an American author and blogger best known for critiques of Islam and research into Islamic terrorism and jihad. He has published ten books, including two New York Times bestsellers, and is a regular contributor to David Horowitz's FrontPage Magazine and Human Events. In 2003 with sponsorship by David Horowitz Freedom Center, he founded and has since directed Jihad Watch, a blog dedicated to be "bringing public attention to the role that jihad theology and ideology plays in the modern world, and to correcting popular misconceptions about the role of jihad and religion in modern-day conflicts."[1] It consist mainly of news from the American and international media with commentary.[2] He also co-founded Stop Islamization of America (SIOA) and the Freedom Defense Initiative, with activist Pamela Geller, with whom he co-authored a book, The Post-American Presidency: The Obama Administration's War on America.

Background

According to the New York Magazine in a 2010 interview, Spencer's father worked for the Voice of America during the Cold War, and in his younger days, Spencer himself worked at Revolution Books, a Communist bookstore in New York City founded by Robert Avakian.[3] Spencer is a practicing Melkite Greek Catholic.[4][5] It is a rite of the Catholic Church whose adherents are, according to Spencer, "mostly concentrated in Lebanon and Syria, also in Jordan and the Palestinian territories."[2] By his account his grandparents were forced to immigrate from an area that is now part of Turkey because they were Christians, but he has not indicated his family's ethnic origin.[2]

Spencer received a B.A. in 1983 and an M.A. in 1986 in religious studies from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His masters thesis was on a Catholic history topic.[6] He recently has claimed to have been studying Islamic theology, law, and history on his own since 1980.[2][7] He worked in think tanks for more than 20 years, according to New York Magazine[3] and did a stint as an adjunct fellow with the Free Congress Foundation in 2002 and 2003, an arm of the Heritage Foundation.[8][9] Spencer named Paul Weyrich, also a Melkite Catholic, as a mentor of his writings on Islam. Spencer writes, "Paul Weyrich taught me a great deal, by word and by example -- about how to deal both personally and professionally with the slanders and smears that are a daily aspect of this work."[9] Spencer's first book on Islam was published in 2002.

Spencer's views on Islam

Spencer does not believe that traditional Islam is "inherently terroristic" but says he can prove that "traditional Islam contains violent and supremacist elements," and that "its various schools unanimously teach warfare against and the subjugation of unbelievers."[10] However, he rejects the notion that all Muslims are necessarily violent people.[10] He has said that among moderate Muslims, "there are some who are genuinely trying to frame a theory and practice of Islam that will allow for peaceful coexistence with unbelievers as equals,"[11] Spencer has also said he would welcome any Muslim who renounces jihad and dhimmitude to join in his "anti-jihadist efforts",[12] but feels that anyone pursuing his called-for reforms will face a difficult task, because "the radicals actually do have a stronger theoretical, theological, and legal basis within Islam for what they believe than the moderates do."[13] He has also argued that many so-called reformers are not interested in genuine reform, but instead are aiming to deflect scrutiny of Islam.[11][13]

Spencer has expressed criticism of the Council on American-Islamic Relations and numerous other Muslim advocacy groups that he claims are closely tied to allegedly jihadist organizations such as the Muslim Brotherhood.[14] He has also criticized the employment of several Muslims who were[15] convicted on charges relating to terrorism.[16]

He has appeared with Ayn Rand Institute speakers on several occasions.[17] In an interview with the Washington Post he was "...asked if he was being deliberately combative and provocative, Spencer chuckled. "Why not?" he asked. "It's fun."[18][citation needed]

Qur'an critic and secularist author Ibn Warraq has said that Spencer "tells the truth that few in the U.S. or Europe wish to face".[19]

Michelle Malkin says that Spencer "tells truths about jihadists that no one else will tell."[19] Conservative radio talk show host Dennis Prager has called JihadWatch, "one of most honorable Web sites that I know of monitoring jihad in the world today."[20]

In a public debate between Spencer and Daniel C. Peterson, a professor of Islamic Studies and Arabic, Peterson was critical about what he described as a selective criticism of Islam, but conceded to Spencer that "yes there is a broad consensus and has been for a long time about certain elements of jihadi teaching," about Spencer's assertion that the schools of Islamic jurisprudence do agree on the necessity to wage war against unbelievers, and that "we are really not disagreeing that much ... terrorism, Islamic terrorism, really does have roots in actual parts of the tradition of Islam."[21][22]

Accusations of bias

Spencer's work has been criticized as showing "entrenched hostility" towards Islam,[23] and condemned as hate speech by a number of Muslim-American and civil rights groups.[24][25]

Karen Armstrong criticized Spencer's citations of Islamic scripture as cherry picked,[26] stating among other examples that "Spencer never cites the Koran’s condemnation of all warfare as an 'awesome evil', its prohibition of aggression or its insistence that only self-defence justifies armed conflict..." She concludes that "His book is a gift to extremists who can use it to "prove" ... that the west is incurably hostile to their faith."

Benazir Bhutto accused Spencer of "falsely constructing a divide between Islam and West." She said he was using the Internet to spread hatred of Islam by presenting a "skewed, one-sided, and inflammatory story that only helps to sow the seed of civilizational conflict."[27]

Dinesh D'Souza, of the conservative Hoover Institution, wrote that Spencer downplays the passages of the Quran that urge peace and goodwill to reach one-sided opinions. He contends that Spencer applies a moral standard to Muslim empires that could not have been met by any European empire.[28]

French academic historian Ivan Jablonka said Spencer's views lack academic seriousness and that Spencer does not substantiate the connections he draws between some data picked up from Islamic civilization of the Middle Ages and modern-day activism. Jablonka also accuses Spencer of having a relentless intent to designate "new enemies for wars to come."[29]

The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) has cited Spencer along with co-founder of SIOA Pamela Geller, as the founders of an anti-Muslim hate group.[30][31] In the Summer 2011 issue of Intelligence Report, published by the SPLC, Robert Steinback listed Spencer as a member of the "anti-Muslim inner circle", noting that "Spencer has been known to fraternize with European racists and neo-fascists, though he says such contacts were merely incidental."[32] Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR) listed Spencer as a "Smearcaster", and noted that "...by selectively ignoring inconvenient Islamic texts and commentaries, Spencer concludes that Islam is innately extremist and violent."[33]

Controversies

On December 20, 2006, the government of Pakistan announced its ban on Spencer's book, The Truth About Muhammad, citing "objectionable material" as the cause.[34] Former Pakistani prime minister Benazir Bhutto was likewise highly critical of Spencer's work.[27] In his response to Bhutto's criticism, Spencer notes that the passage she cites was in fact written by Ibn Warraq.[35]

In 2009, Spencer was asked to participate in an information session about Islam and Muslims deigned for ethnic and multicultural librarians entitled "Perspectives on Islam: Beyond the Stereotyping", at the 2009 annual meeting of the American Library Association, which was sponsored by the ALA’s Ethnic & Multicultural Information Exchange Round Table (EMIERT). After objections were raised by ALA members and the general public, the three other panelists withdrew in protest and the session was ultimately canceled.[36]

In March 2010, Spencer endorsed the English Defence League (EDL) claiming that "The EDL is standing up to violent thugs from both the Left and the increasingly assertive Islamic communities in Britain, and they deserve the support of all free people."[37] The EDL has been described as a hate group by various British organizations, such as Searchlight Magazine[38] and the Jewish Community Security Trust.[39]

In August 2010 The Washington Post cited Spencer, along with Pamela Geller as conservative bloggers who have been influential in challenging the construction of the Park51 project, which he calls the "Ground Zero mosque".[40] Spencer and Geller's organization Stop Islamization of America launched their first public protest outside of the Park51 location on June 6th, 2010. Appearing on the Sean Hannity Show on FoxNews, Spencer criticized then-spokesman, Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf, as an "Islamist radical" with "terrorist financing" who wanted to "build a memorial to the terrorists who attacked us", that "... he wants to impose Islamic law here" and questioned if "...his loyalty is really with the U.S. Constitution or not."

Spencer also insinuated that Abdul Rauf was connected to the Muslim Brotherhood, declaring that his father had "...his father fled Egypt in 1948 — which just happens to be right around the time that the Egyptian government really was cracking down hard on the Brotherhood."[41] Adam Serwer, writing in The American Prospect countered that the Spencer's evidence for this accusation was insufficient, and criticized Spencer's conclusions regarding Abdul Rauf's comments on the practice of Shariah by American Muslims. Serwer asked Abdul Rauf to clarify and the latter responded that "...there are aspects of Sharia law that we are allowed to practice. Like Jews practice their dietary laws, we practice them without contradiction."[42] The non-partisan FactCheck also found no evidence of Abdul Rauf's supposed 'radicalism stating that "Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf has a long history of cooperation with the U.S. government, beginning during the Bush administration," and that supposedly 'anti-American' comments made by the Imam were "...taken out of context."[43]

In an October 2010 news article, The Tennessean newspaper investigative report found that the "leaders of the anti-Muslim movement" earn millions in their "crusades". Concerning Spencer, the newspaper noted that "IRS filings from 2008 show that Robert Spencer earned $132,537 from the David Horowitz Freedom Center, and Horowitz pocketed over $400,000 for himself in just one year." [44][45]

In September 2010, Reza Aslan on ABC's "This Week" show said that SIOA is an offshoot of SIOE, which he accused of being referred to as a neo-Nazi organization by the E.U..[46]: Spencer later challenged Aslan to produce any evidence of his claim.[47]

2011 Norway attacks

The New York Times described American influences in the writings of Anders Behring Breivik, the perpetrator of the 2011 Norway attacks. Breivik quoted Spencer 64 times in his 1,516 page manifesto, 2083 – A European Declaration of Independence.[48] Former CIA officer and terrorism consultant Marc Sageman said it would be unfair to attribute Breivik's violence to the writers who helped shape his world view. However, he added that "counterjihad writers" do argue that the fundamentalist Salafi branch of Islam "is the infrastructure from which Al Qaeda emerged. Well, they and their writings are the infrastructure from which Breivik emerged."[48] Spencer responded that he has been consistent in advocating human rights for all people and that the quotes from him in Breivik's manifesto do not contain any call to violence. He pointed out that the manifesto includes references to many other people, including praise for Barack Obama and plagiarism of the Unabomber. Spencer also criticized Mark Sageman's comments on the same basis.[49]

Bibliography

Best sellers

Other books

  • Pamela Geller (July 27, 2010). The Post-American Presidency: The Obama Administration's War on America. Threshold Editions. p. 400. ISBN 978-1439189306. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • The Complete Infidels' Guide to the Koran. Regnery Press. September 21, 2009. p. 260. ISBN 978-1596981041.
  • Stealth Jihad: How Radical Islam is Subverting America without Guns or Bombs. Regnery Press. October 28, 2008. ISBN 978-1596985568.
  • Religion of Peace?: Why Christianity Is and Islam Isn't, Regnery Publishing, 2007, ISBN 1-59698-515-1
  • The Myth of Islamic Tolerance: How Islamic Law Treats Non-Muslims (editor), Prometheus Books, 2005. ISBN 1-59102-249-5
  • Onward Muslim Soldiers: How Jihad Still Threatens America and the West, Regnery Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0-89526-100-6
  • (with Daniel Ali) (2003). Inside Islam: A Guide for Catholics: 100 questions and answers. Ascension Press. p. 197. ISBN 0-9659228-5-5.
  • Islam Unveiled: Disturbing Questions About the World's Fastest Growing Faith. Encounter Books. October 25, 2002. p. 202. ISBN 1893554589.

See also

References

  1. ^ "WHY JIHAD WATCH?". Jihad Watch. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d "Robert Spencer Jihad Watch, Director Q & A with Brian Lamb". CSpan. August 20, 2006. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
  3. ^ a b Mark Jacobson (August 22, 2010). "Muhammad Comes to Manhattan". New York Magazine. Retrieved November 1, 2010.
  4. ^ "About Robert Spencer". Jihad Watch. Retrieved October 29, 2010.
  5. ^ Spencer, Robert (October 26, 2010). "Pope must condemn demonizing of Israel". Spero News.
  6. ^ "The monophysite in the mirror, by Robert Bruce Spencer". Davis Library Thesis, Religion, 1986. UNC-CH Libraries.
  7. ^ "Marines gather to honor, celebrate". Trib.com. 2005-10-26. Retrieved 2010-11-01.
  8. ^ "About Robert Spencer". Jihad Watch. Retrieved 2010-11-25.
  9. ^ a b Robert Spencer (December 19, 2008). "A Tribute: Paul Weyrich Has Died". Catholic Online. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  10. ^ a b "The Last Patriot: Worse than Spencer's books!". www.jihadwatch.org. July 7, 2008.
  11. ^ a b Robert Spencer (January 14, 2006). "What is a moderate Muslim?". Jihad Watch.
  12. ^ "About Robert Spencer". Jihad Watch.
  13. ^ a b John Hawkins. "An Interview With Robert Spencer". Right Wing News.
  14. ^ "CAIR "unindicted co-conspirator" in Hamas funding case". Jihad Watch. June 4, 2007.
  15. ^ United States of America v. Randall Todd Royer, et al, United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Alexandria Division, June 2003
  16. ^ Robert Spencer (May 27, 2008). "Cair's Continuing Mystery". Human Events.
  17. ^ "Birds of a Feather". Ariwatch.com. Retrieved 2010-11-01.
  18. ^ "In flap over mosque near Ground Zero, conservative bloggers gaining influence". Washingtonpost.com. 2010-08-18. Retrieved 2010-12-15.
  19. ^ a b The politically incorrect guide to ... - Google Books. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2010-11-01.
  20. ^ Paula Zahn (July 31, 2007). "Koran in the Toilet: Hate Crime?; Political Bedtime Stories". CNN.
  21. ^ "Islam: Threat or Not? - Part 4". JihadWatchVideo.
  22. ^ "Islam: Threat or Not? - Part 5". JihadWatchVideo.
  23. ^ Armstrong, Karen. "Balancing the Prophet", Financial Times, April 27, 2007
  24. ^ Censored 2004: The Top 25 Censored Stories Peter Phillips page 244
  25. ^ "Chicago Library Group Panelists Withdraw Over Role of Islam-Basher Robert Spencer". Aljazeerah.info. Retrieved 2010-11-01.
  26. ^ Armstrong, Karen (April 27, 2007). "Balancing the Prophet". FT.com (Financial Times).
  27. ^ a b Benazir Bhutto, Reconciliation: Islam, Democracy, and the West, Harper, 2008, p.245-6
  28. ^ Dinesh D'Souza (January 17, 2009). "Letting Bin Laden Define Islam".
  29. ^ Ivan Jablonka, « La peur de l’islam. Bat Ye’or et le spectre de l’ « Eurabie » » (in French), La Vie des idées, May 1, 2006. ISSN : 2105-3030, online version.
  30. ^ "Pamela Geller & Stop Islamization of America". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  31. ^ Steinback, Robert (2011). "Jihad Against Islam". Intelligence Report, Issue #142. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 27 June 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  32. ^ Steinback, Robert (2011). "The Anti-Muslim Inner Circle". Intelligence Report, Issue #142. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 27 June 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  33. ^ "Smearcasters: Robert Spencer". Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  34. ^ "Pakistan bans Roberts' book about Prophet Muhammad".[dead link]
  35. ^ "Parting Words from Benazir Bhutto".
  36. ^ Raya Kuzyk (07/11/2009). "ALA Conference 2009: Panelists Quit Session Featuring "Islam Basher"". Library Journal. Retrieved 11 June 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  37. ^ UK: Fascist "anti-fascists" attack anti-jihad demonstrators. "UK: Fascist "anti-fascists" attack anti-jihad demonstrators". Jihadwatch.org. Retrieved 2010-11-01.
  38. ^ Lowles, Nick (2010). "The growing Islamophobic international". Searchlight Magazine. Retrieved 26 June 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  39. ^ CST (30). "Don't be fooled by Islamophobia". Community Security Trust. Retrieved 26 June 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  40. ^ Michelle Boorstein (August 19, 2010). "In flap over mosque near Ground Zero, conservative bloggers gaining influence". The Washington Post.
  41. ^ Spencer, Robert (13). "Spencer Turns Out To Have More Evidence On His Side Than An Addled Leftist Claims". NewsRealBlog. Retrieved 26 June 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  42. ^ Sewer, Adam (14). "Spencer's (Still) Tenuous Evidence". Retrieved 26 June 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  43. ^ "Questions About the 'Ground Zero Mosque'". FactCheck.org. 25. Retrieved 27 June 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  44. ^ "Anti-Muslim crusaders make millions spreading fear". Retrieved 2010-11-04.
  45. ^ "# PDF: David Horowitz Freedom Center's tax return" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-04-24.
  46. ^ "Should Americans Fear Islam? pt.3". Retrieved 18 June 2011.
  47. ^ Spencer, Robert. "Why is Reza Aslan taken seriously?". Jihad Watch. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
  48. ^ a b Shane, Scott (July 24, 2011). "Killings in Norway Spotlight Anti-Muslim Thought in U.S." The New York Times. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
  49. ^ Spencer, Robert (July 26, 2011). "New York Times convicts Spencer of guilt for Norway murders". Jihad Watch. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
  50. ^ Best Sellers – Hardcover Nonfiction – NYT
  51. ^ Paperback Nonfiction – NYT
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