Prostaglandin D2: Difference between revisions
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Research carried out in 1989<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2475889</ref> found that PGD<sub>2</sub> is the primary mediator of vasodilation (the "niacin flush") after ingestion of [[niacin]] (nicotinic acid). |
Research carried out in 1989<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2475889</ref> found that PGD<sub>2</sub> is the primary mediator of vasodilation (the "niacin flush") after ingestion of [[niacin]] (nicotinic acid). |
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A recent paper published by researchers from the University of Pennsylvania and University of Maryland<ref name=Garza_et_al_2012>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003122| issn = 1946-6234, 1946-6242| volume = 4| issue = 126| pages = 126ra34-126ra34| last = Garza| first = Luis A. ''et al.'',| title = Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> Inhibits Hair Growth and Is Elevated in Bald Scalp of Men with Androgenetic Alopecia| journal = Science Translational Medicine| accessdate = 2012-03-22| date = 2012-03-21| url = http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/4/126/126ra34}}</ref> in the journal [[Science Translational Medicine]] indicates a causal link between elevated levels of localized Prostaglandin D2 and hair loss. They found that applied topically, PGD2 prevents hair growth, and mice that were genetically inclined to produce higher levels of PGD2 had inbitied hair growth. As well, they found that PGD2 levels were much higher in balding scalp tissue than non-balding scalp tissue. The authors suggest that one of the receptors involved in production of PGD2, GPR44, would therefore be a [[therapeutic target|therapeutic targets]] for [[androgenetic alopecia]] in both men and women with hair loss and thinning. <ref name="garza_nature_article">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nature.com/news/clues-to-the-cause-of-male-pattern-baldness-1.10277|publisher=Nature magazine (News and Comments)|title=Clues to the cause of male pattern baldness}}</ref>. |
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According to recent discovery by the researchers, it is said that Prostaglandin D2 is an abnormal amount of a protein in the bald scalp of men with male pattern baldness. In both human and animal models, a prostaglandin known as PGD2 and its derivative , 15-dPGJ 2, inhibit hair growth. The PGD2-related inhibition occurred through a receptor which is a [[therapeutic target]] for [[androgenetic alopecia]] in both men and women with hair loss and thinning. |
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Because PGD2's relation to asthma has been known for several years, several drugs that seek to reduce PGD2 levels through blocking the GPR44 level are already in clinical trials.<ref name="garza_nature_article" /> |
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==Effects== |
==Effects== |
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*Involved in the regulation of reducing body temperature in sleep, and acts opposite to [[prostaglandin E2]]. |
*Involved in the regulation of reducing body temperature in sleep, and acts opposite to [[prostaglandin E2]]. |
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*Causes [[Vasodilation]] |
*Causes [[Vasodilation]] |
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* Elevated levels of PGD<sub>2</sub> and [[Prostaglandin_D2_synthase|Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub>]] synthase in scalp hair follicles may be responsible for male pattern baldness ([[androgenetic alopecia]]).<ref name=Garza_et_al_2012 |
* Elevated levels of PGD<sub>2</sub> and [[Prostaglandin_D2_synthase|Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub>]] synthase in scalp hair follicles may be responsible for male pattern baldness ([[androgenetic alopecia]]).<ref name=Garza_et_al_2012 /> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 01:41, 27 March 2012
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| Identifiers | |
|---|---|
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.164.741 |
| MeSH | Prostaglandin+D2 |
PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C20H32O5 | |
| Molar mass | 352.465 g/mol |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Prostaglandin D2 (or PGD2) is a prostaglandin that binds to the receptor PTGDR, as well as CRTH2.[1][2] It is a major prostaglandin produced by mast cells – recruits Th2 cells, eosinophils, basophils. In mammalian organs, large amounts of PGD2 are found in the brain, in mast cells and found nowhere else. It is critical to development of allergic diseases such as asthma.
Research carried out in 1989[3] found that PGD2 is the primary mediator of vasodilation (the "niacin flush") after ingestion of niacin (nicotinic acid).
A recent paper published by researchers from the University of Pennsylvania and University of Maryland[4] in the journal Science Translational Medicine indicates a causal link between elevated levels of localized Prostaglandin D2 and hair loss. They found that applied topically, PGD2 prevents hair growth, and mice that were genetically inclined to produce higher levels of PGD2 had inbitied hair growth. As well, they found that PGD2 levels were much higher in balding scalp tissue than non-balding scalp tissue. The authors suggest that one of the receptors involved in production of PGD2, GPR44, would therefore be a therapeutic targets for androgenetic alopecia in both men and women with hair loss and thinning. [5].
Because PGD2's relation to asthma has been known for several years, several drugs that seek to reduce PGD2 levels through blocking the GPR44 level are already in clinical trials.[5]
Effects
- Causes a contraction of the bronchial airways. The concentration of PGD2 in asthma-patients is 10 times higher than in control patients, especially after it is brought into contact with allergens.
- Involved in the regulation of reducing body temperature in sleep, and acts opposite to prostaglandin E2.
- Causes Vasodilation
- Elevated levels of PGD2 and Prostaglandin D2 synthase in scalp hair follicles may be responsible for male pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia).[4]
See also
References
- ^ Saito S, Tsuda H, Michimata T (2002). "Prostaglandin D2 and reproduction". American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 47 (5): 295–302. PMID 12148545. Retrieved 2011-04-09.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Pettipher R, Hansel TT (2008). "Antagonists of the prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2". Drug News & Perspectives. 21 (6): 317–22. doi:10.1358/dnp.2008.21.6.1246831. PMID 18836589. Retrieved 2011-04-09.
- ^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2475889
- ^ a b Garza, Luis A.; et al. (2012-03-21). "Prostaglandin D2 Inhibits Hair Growth and Is Elevated in Bald Scalp of Men with Androgenetic Alopecia". Science Translational Medicine. 4 (126): 126ra34-126ra34. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003122. ISSN 1946-6242 1946-6234, 1946-6242. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
{{cite journal}}: Check|issn=value (help); Explicit use of et al. in:|first=(help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ a b "Clues to the cause of male pattern baldness". Nature magazine (News and Comments).
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