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{{Infobox person
Please la I very hate Michael Dell.
| name = Michael Dell
| image = Michael Dell 2010.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Michael Dell, founder, chairman and CEO of Dell
| alma_mater = [[University of Texas at Austin]]<br /><small>(dropped out)</small>
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|2|23}}
| birth_place = [[Houston]], Texas, U.S.
| occupation = Chairman & CEO of [[Dell]]
| residence = [[Austin, Texas]]
| networth = {{nowrap|{{gain}}[[US dollar|US$]]15 billion (Sept. 2011)<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Michael Dell profile|url=http://www.forbes.com/profile/Michael-Dell|work=World's Billionaires|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=23 March 2011}}</ref>}}
| spouse = Susan Dell
| children = 4
| ethnicity = Jewish
| footnotes =
}}

'''Michael Saul Dell''' (born February 23, 1965) is an American [[business magnate]] and the [[Founder (company)|founder]], [[chairman]] and [[chief executive officer]] of [[Dell|Dell Inc]]. He is 41 on 2012 Forbes Billionaires list, with a net worth of US$15.5 billion as of March 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=The World's Billionaires: Michael Dell|url=http://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-dell/|accessdate=10 March 2012|newspaper=Forbes}}</ref> In 2011, his 243.35 million shares of Dell stock were worth $3.5 billion, giving him 12% ownership of the company.<ref>{{cite web |accessdate=2011-10-15 |url=http://www.thereformedbroker.com/2011/03/20/michael-dells-very-big-stock-purchase/ |title=Michael Dell’s Very Big Stock Purchase |publisher=The Reformed Broker |date=2011-03-20 |author=Brown, Joshua }}</ref> His remaining wealth of roughly $10 billion is invested in other companies, and managed by a firm called MSD Capital (named after Dell's initials).<ref>{{cite web |accessdate=2011-10-15 |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/austin/stories/2010/02/08/focus1.html?page=all |title=Managing Michael Dell's multibillions |publisher=BizJournals |date=2010-02-07 }}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Michael Dell was born to a well-off, Texan family, on February 23, 1965.<ref>''Lone stars of David: the Jews of Texas'', By Hollace Ava Weiner, Kenneth Roseman, page 257, UPNE, 2007</ref> The son of an [[orthodontist]]<ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/jan2007/tc20070131_658871.htm?campaign_id=msnbc_dell Biography of Michael Dell<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and a [[stockbroker]], Dell attended [[Gary L. Herod|Herod Elementary School]] in [[Houston, Texas]].<ref>[http://es.houstonisd.org/herodes/About_Herod/History_of_Our_school.htm History of Our School<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In a bid to enter business early, he applied to take a [[General Educational Development|high school equivalency exam]] at age eight. In his early teens, he invested his [[earnings]] from part-time jobs in [[stock]]s and [[precious metals]].<ref name=Achievement>{{cite web|title=Biography: Michael Dell Founder & Chairman, Dell Inc|url=http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/printmember/del0bio-1|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|accessdate=15 April 2010}}</ref>

Dell purchased his first [[calculator]] at age seven and encountered his first [[teletype]] machine in junior high, which he programmed after school. At age 15, after playing with computers at [[Radio Shack]], he got his first computer, an [[Apple II]], which he promptly disassembled to see how it worked.<ref name="Direct from Dell">{{cite book|last=Dell|first=Michael|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|coauthors=Catherine Fredman |year=1999|publisher=[[HarperBusiness]]|isbn=0-88730-914-3|pages=6–7}}</ref> Dell attended [[Memorial High School (Hedwig Village, Texas)|Memorial High School]] in Houston, selling subscriptions to the ''[[Houston Post]]'' in the summer. While making [[cold call]]s, Dell observed that newlyweds and people moving into new homes were most likely to buy a subscription. He targeted this demographic group by collecting names from marriage and mortgage applications. Dell earned $18,000 that year, exceeding the annual income of his history and economics teacher.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dell|first=Michael|coauthors=Catherine Fredman|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry |year=1999|publisher=HarperBusiness|isbn=0-88730-914-3|pages=4–5}}</ref>

==Career==
[[File:PCs Limited Turbo PC signed by Michael Dell.jpg|thumb|A PC's Limited Turbo PC signed by Dell]]
[[File:Michael Dell at Oracle OpenWorld.JPG|thumb|Michael Dell lecturing at the [[Oracle OpenWorld]], San Francisco 2010]]
While a freshman pre-med student at the [[University of Texas at Austin]], Dell started an informal business putting together and selling upgrade kits for personal computers<ref>Kirk Ladendorf. "Dell remembers his beginning while looking toward the future" ''Austin American-Statesman''. Nov. 27, 2011, pp E1, E2.</ref> in room 2713 of the [[Dobie Center]] residential building. He then applied for a vendor license to bid on contracts for the State of Texas, winning bids by not having the overhead of a computer store.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dell|first=Michael|coauthors=Catherine Fredman|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry |year=1999|publisher=HarperBusiness|isbn=0-88730-914-3|pages=9–10}}</ref><ref>http://www.dell.com/downloads/global/corporate/speeches/msd/2003_05_17_msd_commencement.pdf</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Pletz |first=John |url=http://www.statesman.com/business/content/business/stories/archive/0502dell.html |title=Business, Personal Finance, Technology, Employment news for Austin and Central Texas |publisher=Statesman.com |date=2004-05-02 |accessdate=2011-01-26}}</ref>

In January 1984, Dell banked on his conviction that the potential cost savings of a [[Direct selling|manufacturer selling]] PCs directly had enormous advantages over the conventional indirect retail channel. In January 1984, Dell registered his company as "PC's Limited". Operating out of a [[condominium]], the business sold between $50,000 and $80,000 in upgraded PCs, kits, and add-on components. In May, Dell incorporated the company as "Dell Computer Corporation" and relocated it to a business center in North Austin. The company employed a few order takers, a few more people to fulfill them, and, as Dell recalled, a manufacturing staff "consisting of three guys with screwdrivers sitting at six-foot tables." The venture's [[capitalization cost]] was $1,000.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dell|first=Michael|coauthors=Catherine Fredman|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry |year=1999|publisher=HarperBusiness|isbn=0-88730-914-3|pages=12–13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/technology/2004-03-04-dell-doffs-ceo-role_x.htm|title=Dell founder passes torch to new CEO|date=March 4, 2004|publisher=''[[USA Today]]''|accessdate=January 6, 2010 | first1=Michelle | last1=Kessler}}</ref>

In 1992 at the age of 27, Dell became the youngest CEO to have his company ranked in ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' magazine's list of the top 500 corporations.<ref name=NatPressClub>{{cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/programs/npc/2000/000608.mdell.html|title=Michael Dell|work=National Press Club Summary|publisher=National Public Radio|accessdate=16 April 2010|date=June 8|year=2008}}</ref> In 1996, Dell started selling computers over the Web, the same year his company launched its first [[computer server|servers]]. Dell Inc. soon reported about $1 million in sales per day from dell.com.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dell|first=Michael|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry |coauthors=Catherine Fredman|year=1999|publisher=HarperBusiness|isbn=0-88730-914-3|page=xiv}}</ref> In the first quarter of 2001, Dell Inc. reached a world market share of 12.8 percent, passing [[Compaq]] to become the world's largest PC maker. The metric marked the first time the rankings had shifted over the previous seven years. The company's combined shipments of desktops, notebooks and servers grew 34.3 percent worldwide and 30.7 percent in the United States at a time when competitors' sales were shrinking.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kanellos |first=Michael|title=Dell beats Compaq for No. 1 ranking|url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-1001-256143.html|publisher=CNET News|date=April 1, 2001|accessdate=16 April 2010}}</ref>

In 1998, Dell founded MSD Capital L.P. to manage his and his family's investments. Investment activities include publicly-traded securities, private equity activities, and real estate. The firm employs 80 people and has offices in New York, Santa Monica and London. Dell is not involved in day-to-day operations.<ref>{{cite web|title=MSC Capital - About Us|url=http://www.msdcapital.com/about.htm|accessdate=17 April 2010}}</ref>

On March 4, 2004, Dell stepped down as CEO of Dell Inc. but stayed as chairman of the board, while [[Kevin Rollins]], then president and [[chief operating officer|COO]], became president and CEO. On January 31, 2007, Dell returned as CEO at the request of the board, succeeding Rollins.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/01/technology/01dell.html?ex=1327986000&en=51d4bc242b1c6e8f&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Dell Chief Is Replaced by Founder], ''[[New York Times]]''.</ref>

Accolades for Dell include "Entrepreneur of the Year" (at age 24) from ''[[Inc. magazine|Inc.]]'' magazine;<ref name="Inc. award">{{cite web|last=Richman|first=Tom|title=http://www.inc.com/magazine/19900101/4986.html#dell|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/19900101/4986.html#dell|publisher=Inc.|accessdate=16 April 2010|date=January 1, 1990}}</ref> "Top CEO in American Business" from ''[[Worth Magazine|Worth]]'' magazine; "CEO of the Year" from ''[[Financial World]]'', ''[[Industry Week]]'' and ''[[Chief Executive Magazine|Chief Executive]]'' magazines.

Dell serves on the Foundation Board of the World Economic Forum, the executive committee of the International Business Council, the U.S. Business Council, and the governing board of the [[Indian School of Business]] in [[Hyderabad, India]]. He previously served as a member of the U.S. President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.<ref>{{cite web|title=Executive Team: Michael S. Dell|url=http://content.dell.com/us/en/corp/d/bios/michael-dell-bio.aspx|publisher=Dell Inc.|accessdate=16 April 2010}}</ref>

In July 2010 Dell agreed to pay a $4 million penalty to settle SEC charges<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/2010/lr21599.htm |title=Dell Inc., Michael S. Dell, Kevin B. Rollins, James M. Schneider, Leslie L. Jackson, Nicholas A.R. Dunning |publisher=Sec.gov |date=2010-07-22 |accessdate=2011-01-26}}</ref> of disclosure and accounting fraud in relation to undisclosed payments from Intel Corporation. Dell Corporation and two other company executives also paid to settle all the charges.

==Writings==
Dell's 1999 book, ''Direct from Dell: Strategies That Revolutionized an Industry'', is an account of his early life, his company's founding, growth and missteps, as well as lessons learned. The book was written in collaboration with Catherine Fredman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dell|first=Michael|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|year=1999|publisher=HarperBusiness|isbn=0-88730-914-3|coauthors=Catherine Fredman}}</ref>

==Wealth and personal life==
As of 2011, [[Forbes]] estimates Dell's net worth at $14.6 billion.<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-dell] Forbes.com. Retrieved August 2011.</ref>

Dell resides in [[Austin, Texas]] with his wife, Susan, and their four children.<ref>[http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/44/dell.html Biographical details and interview]</ref><ref>[http://philanthropy.com/free/articles/v18/i12/12000901.htm A Focus on Efficiency], ''[[The Chronicle of Philanthropy]], 4/6/2006.</ref>

===Philanthropy===
In 1999, Michael and Susan Dell established the [[Michael and Susan Dell Foundation]], which focuses on children’s causes. By 2010, the foundation had committed more than $530 million to assist nonprofit organizations serving urban communities in the United States and India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Mission of Change|url=http://www.msdf.org/About_Us/default.aspx|publisher=Michael and Susan Dell Foundation}}</ref> The foundation has also provided $65 million in grants to three health-related organizations associated with the University of Texas: the Michael & Susan Dell Center for Advancement of Healthy Living, the Dell Pediatric Research Institute, and the Dell Children’s Medical Center, as well as funding for a new computer science building on the University of Texas campus.<ref>{{cite web|title=Childhood Health|url=http://www.msdf.org/Programs/Childhood_Health.aspx|publisher=Michael & Susan Dell Foundation|accessdate=10 May 2010}}</ref><ref name=50Mil>{{cite web |author=Warden, Michael L.| year=2006|title=Michael & Susan Dell Foundation Grants $50 Million to University of Texas to Bring Excellence in Children's Health and Education to Austin|work=The University of Texas System - Press Releases | url=http://www.utsystem.edu/news/2006/UTS-MSDFGrant05-15-06.htm | accessdate=2006-05-18}}</ref>

In 2002, Dell received an honorary doctorate in [[Economic Science]] from the [[University of Limerick]] in honor of his investment in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] and the local community and for his support for educational initiatives.<ref>[http://www.ul.ie/main/news/dell.doc University of Limerick Press Release, 29 May 2002 Ü]</ref>

===Political contributions===
In 2004, Susan and Michael Dell were among 53 contributors of $250,000 (the maximum legal donation) to the second inauguration of President [[George W. Bush]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Financing the inauguration |url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-01-16-inaugural-donors_x.htm |publisher=USA Today |date= 2005-01-16|accessdate=2008-05-25}}</ref>

===Criticism===
In the April 2011 issue of ''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]'', a timeline of Michael Dell's life is included in the article ''American Magnate: Michael Dell: How a homegrown geek outsourced, downsized, and tax-breaked his way to the top.'' The article juxtaposes the CEO's spending on luxurious homes and private jet travel with his pursuit of [[tax breaks]] and [[Tax_holiday#Sales_tax_holidays_in_the_United_States|tax holidays]] and [[Dell Computer]]'s eventual [[offshoring]] of jobs overseas after receiving the incentives for setting up shop locally.<ref name=motherjones2011>{{cite journal|last=Harkinson|first=Josh|title=American magnate: Michael Dell: how a homegrown geek outsourced, downsized, and tax-breaked his way to the top|journal=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]|year=2011|month=March–April|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1329/is_2_36/ai_n57009802/?tag=content;col1|accessdate=10 March 2011}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Bibliography==
{{cite book |title= Direct From Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|last=Dell |first=Michael |coauthors= Catherine Fredman |year=1999 |publisher= HarperColins Publishers|location=New York, New York |isbn= 0-88730-914-3|ref=dirdell}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Dell Inc}}

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[[Category:Texas Republicans]]
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Revision as of 12:28, 17 April 2012

Michael Dell
Michael Dell, founder, chairman and CEO of Dell
Born (1965-02-23) February 23, 1965 (age 59)
Houston, Texas, U.S.
Alma materUniversity of Texas at Austin
(dropped out)
OccupationChairman & CEO of Dell
SpouseSusan Dell
Children4

Michael Saul Dell (born February 23, 1965) is an American business magnate and the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Dell Inc. He is 41 on 2012 Forbes Billionaires list, with a net worth of US$15.5 billion as of March 2012.[2] In 2011, his 243.35 million shares of Dell stock were worth $3.5 billion, giving him 12% ownership of the company.[3] His remaining wealth of roughly $10 billion is invested in other companies, and managed by a firm called MSD Capital (named after Dell's initials).[4]

Early life and education

Michael Dell was born to a well-off, Texan family, on February 23, 1965.[5] The son of an orthodontist[6] and a stockbroker, Dell attended Herod Elementary School in Houston, Texas.[7] In a bid to enter business early, he applied to take a high school equivalency exam at age eight. In his early teens, he invested his earnings from part-time jobs in stocks and precious metals.[8]

Dell purchased his first calculator at age seven and encountered his first teletype machine in junior high, which he programmed after school. At age 15, after playing with computers at Radio Shack, he got his first computer, an Apple II, which he promptly disassembled to see how it worked.[9] Dell attended Memorial High School in Houston, selling subscriptions to the Houston Post in the summer. While making cold calls, Dell observed that newlyweds and people moving into new homes were most likely to buy a subscription. He targeted this demographic group by collecting names from marriage and mortgage applications. Dell earned $18,000 that year, exceeding the annual income of his history and economics teacher.[10]

Career

A PC's Limited Turbo PC signed by Dell
Michael Dell lecturing at the Oracle OpenWorld, San Francisco 2010

While a freshman pre-med student at the University of Texas at Austin, Dell started an informal business putting together and selling upgrade kits for personal computers[11] in room 2713 of the Dobie Center residential building. He then applied for a vendor license to bid on contracts for the State of Texas, winning bids by not having the overhead of a computer store.[12][13][14]

In January 1984, Dell banked on his conviction that the potential cost savings of a manufacturer selling PCs directly had enormous advantages over the conventional indirect retail channel. In January 1984, Dell registered his company as "PC's Limited". Operating out of a condominium, the business sold between $50,000 and $80,000 in upgraded PCs, kits, and add-on components. In May, Dell incorporated the company as "Dell Computer Corporation" and relocated it to a business center in North Austin. The company employed a few order takers, a few more people to fulfill them, and, as Dell recalled, a manufacturing staff "consisting of three guys with screwdrivers sitting at six-foot tables." The venture's capitalization cost was $1,000.[15][16]

In 1992 at the age of 27, Dell became the youngest CEO to have his company ranked in Fortune magazine's list of the top 500 corporations.[17] In 1996, Dell started selling computers over the Web, the same year his company launched its first servers. Dell Inc. soon reported about $1 million in sales per day from dell.com.[18] In the first quarter of 2001, Dell Inc. reached a world market share of 12.8 percent, passing Compaq to become the world's largest PC maker. The metric marked the first time the rankings had shifted over the previous seven years. The company's combined shipments of desktops, notebooks and servers grew 34.3 percent worldwide and 30.7 percent in the United States at a time when competitors' sales were shrinking.[19]

In 1998, Dell founded MSD Capital L.P. to manage his and his family's investments. Investment activities include publicly-traded securities, private equity activities, and real estate. The firm employs 80 people and has offices in New York, Santa Monica and London. Dell is not involved in day-to-day operations.[20]

On March 4, 2004, Dell stepped down as CEO of Dell Inc. but stayed as chairman of the board, while Kevin Rollins, then president and COO, became president and CEO. On January 31, 2007, Dell returned as CEO at the request of the board, succeeding Rollins.[21]

Accolades for Dell include "Entrepreneur of the Year" (at age 24) from Inc. magazine;[22] "Top CEO in American Business" from Worth magazine; "CEO of the Year" from Financial World, Industry Week and Chief Executive magazines.

Dell serves on the Foundation Board of the World Economic Forum, the executive committee of the International Business Council, the U.S. Business Council, and the governing board of the Indian School of Business in Hyderabad, India. He previously served as a member of the U.S. President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.[23]

In July 2010 Dell agreed to pay a $4 million penalty to settle SEC charges[24] of disclosure and accounting fraud in relation to undisclosed payments from Intel Corporation. Dell Corporation and two other company executives also paid to settle all the charges.

Writings

Dell's 1999 book, Direct from Dell: Strategies That Revolutionized an Industry, is an account of his early life, his company's founding, growth and missteps, as well as lessons learned. The book was written in collaboration with Catherine Fredman.[25]

Wealth and personal life

As of 2011, Forbes estimates Dell's net worth at $14.6 billion.[26]

Dell resides in Austin, Texas with his wife, Susan, and their four children.[27][28]

Philanthropy

In 1999, Michael and Susan Dell established the Michael and Susan Dell Foundation, which focuses on children’s causes. By 2010, the foundation had committed more than $530 million to assist nonprofit organizations serving urban communities in the United States and India.[29] The foundation has also provided $65 million in grants to three health-related organizations associated with the University of Texas: the Michael & Susan Dell Center for Advancement of Healthy Living, the Dell Pediatric Research Institute, and the Dell Children’s Medical Center, as well as funding for a new computer science building on the University of Texas campus.[30][31]

In 2002, Dell received an honorary doctorate in Economic Science from the University of Limerick in honor of his investment in Ireland and the local community and for his support for educational initiatives.[32]

Political contributions

In 2004, Susan and Michael Dell were among 53 contributors of $250,000 (the maximum legal donation) to the second inauguration of President George W. Bush.[33]

Criticism

In the April 2011 issue of Mother Jones, a timeline of Michael Dell's life is included in the article American Magnate: Michael Dell: How a homegrown geek outsourced, downsized, and tax-breaked his way to the top. The article juxtaposes the CEO's spending on luxurious homes and private jet travel with his pursuit of tax breaks and tax holidays and Dell Computer's eventual offshoring of jobs overseas after receiving the incentives for setting up shop locally.[34]

References

  1. ^ "Michael Dell profile". World's Billionaires. Forbes. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
  2. ^ "The World's Billionaires: Michael Dell". Forbes. Retrieved 10 March 2012.
  3. ^ Brown, Joshua (2011-03-20). "Michael Dell's Very Big Stock Purchase". The Reformed Broker. Retrieved 2011-10-15.
  4. ^ "Managing Michael Dell's multibillions". BizJournals. 2010-02-07. Retrieved 2011-10-15.
  5. ^ Lone stars of David: the Jews of Texas, By Hollace Ava Weiner, Kenneth Roseman, page 257, UPNE, 2007
  6. ^ Biography of Michael Dell
  7. ^ History of Our School
  8. ^ "Biography: Michael Dell Founder & Chairman, Dell Inc". American Academy of Achievement. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
  9. ^ Dell, Michael (1999). Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry. HarperBusiness. pp. 6–7. ISBN 0-88730-914-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ Dell, Michael (1999). Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry. HarperBusiness. pp. 4–5. ISBN 0-88730-914-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Kirk Ladendorf. "Dell remembers his beginning while looking toward the future" Austin American-Statesman. Nov. 27, 2011, pp E1, E2.
  12. ^ Dell, Michael (1999). Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry. HarperBusiness. pp. 9–10. ISBN 0-88730-914-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ http://www.dell.com/downloads/global/corporate/speeches/msd/2003_05_17_msd_commencement.pdf
  14. ^ Pletz, John (2004-05-02). "Business, Personal Finance, Technology, Employment news for Austin and Central Texas". Statesman.com. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
  15. ^ Dell, Michael (1999). Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry. HarperBusiness. pp. 12–13. ISBN 0-88730-914-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ Kessler, Michelle (March 4, 2004). "Dell founder passes torch to new CEO". USA Today. Retrieved January 6, 2010. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  17. ^ "Michael Dell". National Press Club Summary. National Public Radio. June 8. Retrieved 16 April 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  18. ^ Dell, Michael (1999). Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry. HarperBusiness. p. xiv. ISBN 0-88730-914-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ Kanellos, Michael (April 1, 2001). "Dell beats Compaq for No. 1 ranking". CNET News. Retrieved 16 April 2010.
  20. ^ "MSC Capital - About Us". Retrieved 17 April 2010.
  21. ^ Dell Chief Is Replaced by Founder, New York Times.
  22. ^ Richman, Tom (January 1, 1990). "http://www.inc.com/magazine/19900101/4986.html#dell". Inc. Retrieved 16 April 2010. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  23. ^ "Executive Team: Michael S. Dell". Dell Inc. Retrieved 16 April 2010.
  24. ^ "Dell Inc., Michael S. Dell, Kevin B. Rollins, James M. Schneider, Leslie L. Jackson, Nicholas A.R. Dunning". Sec.gov. 2010-07-22. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
  25. ^ Dell, Michael (1999). Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry. HarperBusiness. ISBN 0-88730-914-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ [1] Forbes.com. Retrieved August 2011.
  27. ^ Biographical details and interview
  28. ^ A Focus on Efficiency, The Chronicle of Philanthropy, 4/6/2006.
  29. ^ "Our Mission of Change". Michael and Susan Dell Foundation.
  30. ^ "Childhood Health". Michael & Susan Dell Foundation. Retrieved 10 May 2010.
  31. ^ Warden, Michael L. (2006). "Michael & Susan Dell Foundation Grants $50 Million to University of Texas to Bring Excellence in Children's Health and Education to Austin". The University of Texas System - Press Releases. Retrieved 2006-05-18.
  32. ^ University of Limerick Press Release, 29 May 2002 Ü
  33. ^ "Financing the inauguration". USA Today. 2005-01-16. Retrieved 2008-05-25.
  34. ^ Harkinson, Josh (2011). "American magnate: Michael Dell: how a homegrown geek outsourced, downsized, and tax-breaked his way to the top". Mother Jones. Retrieved 10 March 2011. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

Bibliography

Dell, Michael (1999). Direct From Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry. New York, New York: HarperColins Publishers. ISBN 0-88730-914-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

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