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The bombings were denounced and condolences were offered by many international leaders.<ref>{{cite web|title=Boston Marathon bombs: The world reacts|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57579768/boston-marathon-bombs-the-world-reacts/|publisher=CBS News|accessdate=April 16, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Boston blasts: World reaction|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-22165493|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=April 16, 2013}}</ref> President [[Vladimir Putin]] has said Russia is ready to help the US authorities with the investigation into the blasts. Putin also called for the international community to join forces against terrorism.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/16/boston-bombings-investigation-russia_n_3091560.html?utm_hp_ref=world|title=Boston Bombings Investigation: Russia Offers Assistance In Explosions Probe|work=Huffington Post|date=April 16, 2013|accessdate=April 16, 2013}}</ref> According to sports minister [[Vitaly Mutko]], the Boston bombings are "a serious warning bell" to Russia, which is about to hold several international sports events in the near future, including the [[2014 Winter Olympics]], and that special attention will be paid to security at those events.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Russia-offers-to-help-probe-Boston-blasts-20130416|title=Russia offers to help probe Boston blasts|work=News24|date=April 16, 2013|accessdate=April 16, 2013}}</ref>
The bombings were denounced and condolences were offered by many international leaders.<ref>{{cite web|title=Boston Marathon bombs: The world reacts|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57579768/boston-marathon-bombs-the-world-reacts/|publisher=CBS News|accessdate=April 16, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Boston blasts: World reaction|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-22165493|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=April 16, 2013}}</ref> President [[Vladimir Putin]] has said Russia is ready to help the US authorities with the investigation into the blasts. Putin also called for the international community to join forces against terrorism.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/16/boston-bombings-investigation-russia_n_3091560.html?utm_hp_ref=world|title=Boston Bombings Investigation: Russia Offers Assistance In Explosions Probe|work=Huffington Post|date=April 16, 2013|accessdate=April 16, 2013}}</ref> According to sports minister [[Vitaly Mutko]], the Boston bombings are "a serious warning bell" to Russia, which is about to hold several international sports events in the near future, including the [[2014 Winter Olympics]], and that special attention will be paid to security at those events.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news24.com/World/News/Russia-offers-to-help-probe-Boston-blasts-20130416|title=Russia offers to help probe Boston blasts|work=News24|date=April 16, 2013|accessdate=April 16, 2013}}</ref>

=== Social media ===
The information about the bombings spread quickly on social media. The "#BostonMarathon" Twitter [[hashtag]] trended Monday afternoon.<ref>{{Cite news
| author = Dan Gilgoff and Jane J. Lee
| title = Social Media Shapes Boston Bombings Response
| publisher = [[National Geographic]]
| date = 15. april 2013
| url = http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/13/130415-boston-marathon-bombings-terrorism-social-media-twitter-facebook/
}}</ref>
Users shared photos with Twitter.<ref>{{Cite news
| author = ANN HUI
| title = Social media captures Boston Marathon explosions in real time
| publisher = The Globe and Mail
| date = Apr. 15 2013
| url = http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/social-media-captures-boston-marathon-explosions-in-real-time/article11231391/
}}</ref>
Messages on [[Reddit]] encouraged photographers and anyone with video to send the material to investigators.<ref>{{Cite web
| title = Boston Marathon Explosions - Live Update Thread #3 (self.news)
| date =
| url = http://en.reddit.com/r/news/comments/1cf7mn/boston_marathon_exp%20losions_live_update_thread_3/c9fwyjf
}}
{{cite web
| title = 2013 Boston Marathon Attacks: Please upload any photos in relation to the attacks that you have
| url = http://www.reddit.com/r/boston/comments/1cf5wp/2013_boston_marathon_attacks_please_upload_any/
}}</ref>
A photographer uploaded high-resolution photos to [[Flickr]] taken before and after the explosions.<ref>{{Cite news
| url = http://www.flickr.com/photos/hahatango/sets/72157633252445135/with/8652733755/
| title = 2013.4_boston.marathon.bombing
}}</ref>
[[YouTube]] launched a landing page for the bombings.<ref>{{Cite news
| author = The Huffington Post
| title = YouTube Launches Boston Bombings Video Page In Wake Of Tragedy (VIDEO)
| url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/15/youtube-boston-bombing-videos_n_3087901.html
| date = 2013-04-15
| publisher = Huffington Post
}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 20:36, 16 April 2013

Boston Marathon bombings
Aftermath of the twin blasts
LocationNear Copley Square,
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Coordinates42°20′59.2″N 71°04′44.1″W / 42.349778°N 71.078917°W / 42.349778; -71.078917
DateApril 15, 2013 (2013-04-15)
2:50 p.m. EDT (UTC−04:00)
Attack type
Bombing, terror attack
WeaponsPressure cooker bombs[1]
Deaths3[2]
Injured183[2]
MotiveUnknown

On April 15, 2013, two bombs exploded during the Boston Marathon at approximately 2:50 p.m. EDT (18:50 UTC). The two explosions took place along Boylston Street near Boston's Copley Square, just before the finish line. The blasts killed 3 people, and injured at least 183 others.[2]

No official suspects have been named, and no arrests or claims of responsibility for the attack have been announced.[3] On April 16, U.S. President Barack Obama announced that the Federal Bureau of Investigation is investigating the bombings as an act of terrorism.[4]

Bombings

Map showing site of first (right) and second (left) blasts

On Monday, April 15, 2013, the Boston Marathon was held as long planned; there were no indications of an imminent attack.[5] Officials swept the area twice before the explosions; one of the sweeps occurred an hour before the bombs went off. People were able to come and go freely, and carry items in and out of the area.[6]

About 2:50 p.m. EDT (18:50 UTC), two bombs exploded on Boylston Street near Copley Square, just before the finish line.[5] The bombs were improvised explosive devices constructed from pressure cookers, explosives, bits of metal, and ball bearings placed in black duffel bags or backpacks.[7][8][5]

The bombs went off within 550 feet (170 m) of each other, the first outside a Marathon Sports store at 671 Boylston Street, the second about one block further west of the finish line.[9][10][2][9][11][12][13][14] Video from the finish line shows about 12 seconds passed between the two blasts. At the time of the first explosion, the race clock at the finish line was showing 04:09:43, meaning 4 hours, 9 minutes, and 43 seconds since the third wave, or group, of runners started the marathon.[15]

The winners had crossed the finish line about two hours earlier; other runners were still coming across.[10] Storefront windows nearby were blown out,[10] and a window on the third floor of the Boston Public Library, across the street from one of the explosions, was damaged.[16]

Victims

The scene, immediately after the first blast

Three people were confirmed dead.[2] One was 8-year-old Martin Richard of Dorchester, whose mother Denise Richard suffered a brain injury and whose 6-year-old sister lost a leg.[17][18][19] Another was 29-year-old Krystle M. Campbell, a restaurant manager from Medford, Massachusetts.[20]

Many victims suffered lower leg injuries and shrapnel wounds, which indicated the devices were low to the ground.[21] Some suffered ruptured eardrums.[21]

At least 10 of the injured suffered severed limbs.[12][7][22][23] Two brothers, aged 33 and 31, each lost a leg.[24] Celeste Corcoran, a hairdresser from Lowell, Massachusetts, had both legs amputated below the knee. (Her daughter Sydney, 18, sustained injuries to the arteries in both legs.)[25]

A doctor at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center had seen an X-ray of a patient's leg containing "what appears to be small, uniform, round objects throughout it—similar in the appearance to BBs".[26] Doctors described removing “ball-bearing type” metallic beads about 2 to 3 millimeters (0.08 to 0.1 in) in diameter, a little larger than a BB, and more than a dozen small carpenter-type nails about 1 to 2.5 centimeters (0.4 to 1 in) long.[27]

Eight local hospitals reported that they were treating or had treated a total of more than 124 people, including at least 15 who were in critical condition on April 16.[28][12] Among the hospitals were Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, which treated 24 people;[29] Massachusetts General Hospital, 22;[30][31] Brigham and Women's Hospital, about 20;[32][9] Boston Medical Center, 20;[9] Boston Children's Hospital, 10;[33] and Tufts New England Medical Center, 9.[13]

Responses

Emergency services working after the bombings
Police and other emergency workers on the scene
Hazmat personnel near the scene

Rescue workers, bystanders, and runners rushed to try to help the wounded in the immediate aftermath. The marathon was abruptly halted. Police, following emergency plans, diverted the remaining runners away from the finish line to Boston Common or Kenmore Square.[5][34][35] The nearby Lenox Hotel was also evacuated.[5] Police closed down a 15-block area around the blast site; this was reduced to a 12-block crime scene on April 16.[16][36] Massachusetts National Guard units already on scene joined local authorities in rendering aid.[5] Bomb squads searched the area.[12] Many bystanders had dropped backpacks and other bags as they fled, requiring each to be treated as a potential bomb.[16] The police commissioner, Ed Davis, strongly recommended people to stay off the streets.[16]

As a precaution, the FAA restricted airspace over Boston, and issued a ground stop for Boston's Logan International Airport.[37][38][39] Some Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority service was halted.[10] Several cities in Massachusetts and other states put their police forces on alert.[40]

United States Attorney General Eric Holder directed that the "full resources" of the United States Department of Justice be brought to bear on investigating the explosions.[5] In New York City, counter-terrorism vehicles were deployed to landmark sites in Manhattan.[14]

The New York Police Department increased security at hotels, Times Square, and other places.[16][41] Security was also increased in Washington, D.C., and the White House was partially evacuated,[5] while it was being cordoned off by the United States Secret Service.[42]

The Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency suggested people trying to contact those in the vicinity use text messaging, instead of voice calls, because of crowded phone lines.[10] The Red Cross is helping concerned friends and family receive information about runners and casualties.[43]

Cell phone service in Boston was congested but still in operation.[44] The Boston Police Department set up a helpline for people concerned about relatives or acquaintances to contact and a line for people to provide information.[45] Google Person Finder activated their disaster service under Boston Marathon Explosions to log known information about missing persons as a publicly viewable file.[46] The Navy sent one of its bomb-disposal units to Boston to assist local authorities.[47]

Other explosive devices

During a news conference on April 16, Governor Deval Patrick said there were "only two explosive devices", the two that exploded.[48] Initial reports conflicted over whether additional bombs were found, with numerous suspicious packages or bags initially discovered.[49][14][50][51][52][9] The Boston Police Bomb Squad performed a controlled explosion of one of the packages found, on the 600 block of Boylston Street.[53][54]

Investigation

The Federal Bureau of Investigation, which is investigating the attack along with the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Counterterrorism Center,[55] is treating the bombings as a terrorist attack, though no perpetrator has officially been identified.[14][56]

Boston police commissioner Edward Davis said at a 6 p.m. press conference on April 15, "There is no suspect in custody."[57] Though not treated as suspects, several people who were near the scene of the blast and the surrounding area were taken into custody and questioned about the bombings, including a Saudi man tackled by a civilian who thought he was suspicious and held him for police.[58][59] Early in the morning on April 16, law enforcement officials searched a residence in the nearby Boston suburb of Revere, the home of the Saudi man, considered a "person of interest", who was injured by shrapnel.[60][14][61][62] Some investigators left the residence carrying brown paper bags, plastic trash bags, and a duffel bag.[63] The Washington Post reported that the individual was being treated as a witness, not a suspect, by law enforcement.[64] The New York Times also reported that a law enforcement official said that investigators had determined the man had no involvement in the attack.[65]

United States government officials stated that there had been no intelligence reports that indicated such a bombing would take place. Representative Peter King, member of the Intelligence Committee, was quoted as saying, "I received two top secret briefings last week on the current threat levels in the United States, and there was no evidence of this at all."[66]

Police are searching for a Penske rental van and for a hooded man who left the area before the explosions.[67]

A person who was briefed on the investigation said at least one of the devices was made from a pressure cooker packed with shards of metal, nails, and ball bearings to inflict maximum casualties and was placed in a backpack.[68][69][70][71] Investigators have found remains of an electronic circuit board that was possibly used in the timer of the bomb.[72]

On April 16, 2013, President Barack Obama said that the bombings were being investigated as an act of terror, but authorities still didn't know who is responsible. Obama called the bombing "a heinous and cowardly act used to target innocent civilians."[73][74]

Reactions

Local

As a safety precaution, the National Hockey League postponed a Boston Bruins hockey home game against the Ottawa Senators at TD Garden scheduled for April 15.[75][76] The National Basketball Association's Boston Celtics-Indiana Pacers game scheduled for the next day was cancelled since both teams' playoff seedings were already set.[75][76] The Boston Symphony Orchestra cancelled its performance that night.[77]

National

U.S. President Barack Obama delivering a statement on April 15, 2013 in the aftermath of the bombings.

President Barack Obama addressed the nation three hours after the attack.[78] He said that, while the perpetrator(s) were still unknown, the government would "get to the bottom of this" and that those responsible "will feel the full weight of justice".[79] The President again addressed the American people the next day.

Speaker John Boehner ordered that flags outside the U.S. Capitol be lowered to half-staff.[80] The flag on the White House was lowered to half staff the next day as well. President Obama also issued a proclamation ordering flags to half-staff through April 20 on all federal buildings as "a mark of respect for the victims of the senseless acts of violence perpetrated on April 15, 2013, in Boston, Massachusetts."[81]

The New York Yankees, the traditional arch-rival of the Boston Red Sox, announced that they would honor Boston during their April 16th game with a moment of silence and by playing the song "Sweet Caroline" by Neil Diamond during the game; the song has been a notable fixture of Red Sox home games at Fenway Park, where fans traditionally sing along with the its chorus.[82]

A minute of silence was observed at the openings of the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, and NYMEX the next day.[83]

International

Organizers of the forthcoming London Marathon, planned for April 21, reviewed security arrangements for their event, despite no specific threats against the event.[84] Security measures have been increased worldwide as a response to the explosions in Boston.[85] The Canadian Consulate in Boston,[86] located approximately 250 meters (820 ft) from the Boston Marathon finish line, was put into lockdown and all calls were redirected to Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT) in Ottawa. All staff were accounted for.[87]

The bombings were denounced and condolences were offered by many international leaders.[88][89] President Vladimir Putin has said Russia is ready to help the US authorities with the investigation into the blasts. Putin also called for the international community to join forces against terrorism.[90] According to sports minister Vitaly Mutko, the Boston bombings are "a serious warning bell" to Russia, which is about to hold several international sports events in the near future, including the 2014 Winter Olympics, and that special attention will be paid to security at those events.[91]

References

  1. ^ Vinograd, Cassandra; Dodds, Paisley (16 April 2013). "AP Glance: Pressure Cooker Bombs". Associated Press. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Boston Marathon explosions: What we know this morning (updated)". Al.com. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  3. ^ Finn, Peter (16 April 2013). "In Boston attack, a reminder of the difficulty in foiling terrorist plots". The Washington Post. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  4. ^ Obama calls attack 'terror'
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Levs, Josh (15 April 2013). "Deadly bombs strike Boston Marathon; authorities discover more bombs". CNN. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
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  8. ^ Maresca, Cara. "Patriots' Day: Waco, Oklahoma City, Columbine, and now Boston". MSNBC. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
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  77. ^ "Performance Cancelled". BSO.
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  80. ^ Madhani, Aamer (16 April 2013). "After Boston blasts, Obama vows to get answers". USA Today. Retrieved 16 April 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  81. ^ "Obama orders flags lowered to half staff". Politico. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
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  83. ^ "Boston Marathon explosions add to market woes". Toronto Star. 16 April 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  84. ^ Katz, Gregory (16 April 2013). "London to review marathon security". TV3. NZ. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  85. ^ "Boston Marathon: Security beefed up worldwide after deadly blasts", Oregon Live, Associated Press. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  86. ^ YouTube video showing location of Canadian consulate relative to first blast site.
  87. ^ "Boston Marathon 2013 was 'chaos': Canadian runners recount panic". National Post. 15 April 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
  88. ^ "Boston Marathon bombs: The world reacts". CBS News. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  89. ^ "Boston blasts: World reaction". BBC News. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  90. ^ "Boston Bombings Investigation: Russia Offers Assistance In Explosions Probe". Huffington Post. 16 April 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  91. ^ "Russia offers to help probe Boston blasts". News24. 16 April 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
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