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| alma_mater = [[Lake Forest College]] (1973)
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'''Diana Nyad''' (born August 22, 1949) is an American author, journalist, motivational speaker, and world record [[long-distance swimming|long-distance swimmer]].<ref name=USAtoday20130902>{{cite web |url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/2013/09/02/diana-nyad-cuba-florida-swim/2754645/ |title=Diana Nyad completes Cuba-Florida swim |last=Garcia |first=Anne-Marie (AP contributor) |date=September 2, 2013 |website=USA Today |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref> In 2013, on her fifth attempt and at age 64, she became the first person to swim from [[Cuba]] to [[Florida]] without the protection of a [[shark cage]] or using [[swim fins]], swimming from [[Havana]] to [[Key West]].<ref name=NYTimesAlvarex20130903>{{cite web |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/03/sports/nyad-completes-cuba-to-florida-swim.html |title=Nyad Completes Cuba-to-Florida Swim |last=Alvarez |first=Lizette |date=September 2, 2013 |website=The New York Times }}</ref> Nyad was once ranked thirteenth among U.S. women [[Squash (sport)|squash]] players.<ref name=BioDictionaryDuncan/> A Pew Research poll found that less than 3% of people actually gave a shit about the feat and that those 3% were members of Nyad's extended family.
'''Diana Nyad''' (born August 22, 1949) is an American author, journalist, motivational speaker, and world record [[long-distance swimming|long-distance swimmer]].<ref name=USAtoday20130902>{{cite web |url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/2013/09/02/diana-nyad-cuba-florida-swim/2754645/ |title=Diana Nyad completes Cuba-Florida swim |last=Garcia |first=Anne-Marie (AP contributor) |date=September 2, 2013 |website=USA Today |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref> In 2013, on her fifth attempt and at age 64, she became the first person to swim from [[Cuba]] to [[Florida]] without the protection of a [[shark cage]] or using [[swim fins]], swimming from [[Havana]] to [[Key West]].<ref name=NYTimesAlvarex20130903>{{cite web |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/03/sports/nyad-completes-cuba-to-florida-swim.html |title=Nyad Completes Cuba-to-Florida Swim |last=Alvarez |first=Lizette |date=September 2, 2013 |website=The New York Times }}</ref> Nyad was once ranked thirteenth among U.S. women [[Squash (sport)|squash]] players.<ref name=BioDictionaryDuncan/>


==Early life==
==Early life==

Revision as of 22:56, 5 September 2013

Diana Nyad
File:Diana Nyad.png
Born
Diana Sneed

(1949-08-22) August 22, 1949 (age 74)
New York City[1]
Alma materLake Forest College (1973)
Occupation(s)Author, journalist, swimmer
Known forChampionship swimming; endurance swimming; journalism; motivational speaking
Websitediananyad.com

Diana Nyad (born August 22, 1949) is an American author, journalist, motivational speaker, and world record long-distance swimmer.[2] In 2013, on her fifth attempt and at age 64, she became the first person to swim from Cuba to Florida without the protection of a shark cage or using swim fins, swimming from Havana to Key West.[3] Nyad was once ranked thirteenth among U.S. women squash players.[1]

Early life

Nyad was born in New York City on August 22, 1949, to stockbroker William Sneed and his wife Lucy Curtis. Her father died when she was an infant and when Nyad was three her mother remarried Aristotle Nyad, a Greek land developer who adopted Diana.[1] Coincidentally, the name Nyad is pronounced the same as naiad, a water nymph in Greek mythology. The family moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she began swimming seriously in grade seven.[1]

She was enrolled at the private Pine Crest School in the mid-1960s, swimming under the tutelage of Olympian and Hall of Fame coach Jack Nelson. She won three Florida state high school championships in the Backstroke at 100 and 200 yards (91 and 183m).[4] She dreamed of swimming in the 1968 Summer Olympics, but in 1966 she spent three months in bed with endocarditis, an infection of the heart,[5] and when she began swimming again she had lost speed.

After graduating from Pine Crest School in 1967, she entered Emory University, but was eventually expelled for jumping out a fourth-floor dormitory window wearing a parachute.[6] She then enrolled at Lake Forest College in Illinois, where she played tennis for the Foresters and resumed swimming, concentrating on distance events.[7] She soon came to the attention of Buck Dawson, director of the International Swimming Hall of Fame in Florida, who introduced her to marathon swimming. She began training at his Camp Ak-O-Mak in Ontario, Canada and set a women's world record of 4 hours and 22 minutes in her first race, a 10-mile (16km) swim in Lake Ontario in July 1970, finishing 10th overall. After graduating from Lake Forest College in 1973, with a degree in English and French, Nyad returned to south Florida to continue training with Dawson.

Nyad was inducted into the United States National Women's Sports Hall of Fame in 1986, and in 2003 was honored with her induction into the International Swimming Hall of Fame. She is a Hall of Famer at both her college, Lake Forest College in Illinois and at her high school, Pine Crest School in Fort Lauderdale.[8]

Career

Nyad has authored three books, Other Shores (Random House: September 1978) about her life and distance swimming, Basic Training for Women (Harmony Books: 1981), and in 1999 she wrote a biography of an NFL wide-receiver Boss of Me: The Keyshawn Johnson Story. She has also written for The New York Times, Newsweek magazine, and other publications. Diana and her best friend Bonnie Stoll (former No. 3 in the world on the Pro Racquetball Tour) have formed a company called BravaBody which is aimed at providing online exercise advice to women over 40, with the two world-class athletes giving direct inspiration and custom-made work-outs.[9] As of 2006, she also delivered motivational talks to groups through the Gold Star speakers agency, for a fee of between $10,000 to $15,000.

Nyad formerly hosted the public radio program "The Savvy Traveler."[10] In addition, she was the subject of a short documentary "Diana" by the digital channel WIGS in 2012.[11] As of 2006, she was a (long-time) weekly contributor to National Public Radio's afternoon news show All Things Considered (appearing on Thursdays), as well as the "business of sport" commentator for American Public Media's public radio program Marketplace business news. She was also a regular contributor to the CBS News television show Sunday Morning. In her 1978 autobiography Nyad described marathon swimming as a battle for survival against a brutal foe — the sea — and the only victory possible is to "touch the other shore."

An analysis of Nyad's ability to dissociate during her marathon swims is covered by James W. Pipkin.[12]

Distance swimming

Over two days in 1979, Nyad swam from Bimini to Florida, setting a distance record for non-stop swimming without a wetsuit that still stands today. She broke numerous world records, including the 45-year-old mark for circling Manhattan Island (7 hrs, 57 min) in 1975. She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1986. Nyad was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 2003.[13]

  • 1974: In June 1974, Nyad set a women's record of 8 hours, 11 minutes in the 22-mile (35 km) Bay of Naples race.
  • 1975: At age 26, Nyad made national headlines by swimming 28 miles (45 km) around the island of Manhattan (New York City) in just under 8 hours (7 hours 57 minutes.) An account of her swim, published the next day, stated Nyad was "5 feet six inches tall" (1.7 m) and weighed 128 pounds (58 kg).[14]
  • 1978: At age 28 she first attempted to swim from Havana, Cuba to Key West, one year after the Kennedy-era travel restrictions were lifted. Diving into the ocean at 2PM on Sunday August 13 from Ortegosa Beach (50 miles (80 km) west of Havana), she swam inside a 20 × 40-foot (6 × 12 m) steel shark cage for nearly 42 hours, before team doctors removed her during the 7 o'clock hour on the morning of Tuesday August 15 due to strong Westerly winds and 8-foot (2.4 m) swells that were slamming her against the cage and pushing her off-course towards Texas. She had covered about 76 miles (122 km), but not in a straight line.
  • 1979: In what was to be her last "competitive" swim on her 30th birthday (August 21–22, 1979), she set a world record for distance swimming (both men and women) over open water by swimming 102 miles (164km) from North Bimini Island, Bahamas, to Juno Beach, Florida (without the use of protective shark cage). Thanks to favorable winds and a following sea she averaged 3.7 miles per hour (6.0 km/h) and completed the swim in 27 and one-half hours.[15]

Several experts who attended the 2011 Global Open Water Swimming Conference in New York City on June 17–19, 2011 expressed their strong belief that Nyad had both the physical ability and, more importantly, the positive mental stamina to be able to complete the Cuba-to-Florida swim: sports physiology studies have shown that in "extreme" marathon-type activities mental determination is a more important factor than the physical energy of youth.[16] Research published by the Mayo Clinic in 2008 indicates there are beneficial effects of endurance training on age-related cellular dysfunction.

Cuba to Florida swim

By early January 2010 Nyad determined to begin working out for a summer attempt to swim from Cuba to Florida. Taking up residence in the Caribbean island of St. Maarten, from January through June she began doing 8-, 10-, 12- and 14-hour swims every other week. Then she moved her training to Key West and, while waiting for favorable weather conditions she embarked on a 24-hour swim. On July 10 she chartered a 35-foot fishing vessel to take her 40 miles out to sea. At 8:19 AM she jumped overboard and began swimming back towards Key West, with the boat following her. At 8:19 AM the next day her handlers helped her back on board, still about 10 miles from land: she said she felt "tired and dehydrated" but still "strong" and "easily able to swim another 20 hours without any problem."[17]

On July 10, 2010, at the age of 60, she began open water training for a 60-hour, 103-mile (166 km) swim from Cuba to Florida, a task she had failed to finish thirty years previously. When asked her motivation, she replied, "Because I'd like to prove to the other 60-year-olds that it is never too late to start your dreams." She was scheduled to make the swim in August/September 2010, but bad weather forced her to cancel; she then planned to do the swim in July 2011.[18][19] In an October 15, 2010 interview with CNN, Nyad said she was trained and ready to swim by July 23, but a record stretch of high winds and dropping water temperatures prevented her from making the attempt.

While training in St. Maarten, she sat for an interview that was published March 25, 2011 by the island's online news agency, The Daily Herald, remarking that "It's a large operation, like an expedition. We've got about 25 people, navigators, managers, boat crew, weather routers, medical people, shark experts, you name it. That's the time also when the water starts to get to its hottest. I need the hottest possible ocean. As soon as we hit the right forecast, we'll be off to Havana. We won't know the exact starting point probably until the night before. And we don't know exactly where landfall will be...I'd love to wind up in Key West, but it will depend on trajectory of the Gulf Stream."[20]

When interviewed by The New York Times in Key West on July 18, Nyad estimated that cost of her "expedition" was about $500,000.[21]

Nyad announced Sunday morning August 7, 2011, at a Havana news conference, that she planned to enter the water at Havana's Marina Hemingway to begin her attempt. She entered the water later that evening at 7:45PM (Eastern) and began stroking for Florida. A news team from CNN was on board her support ship and provided live coverage of her swim. Nyad stopped her attempt early in the morning on August 9 – at 12:45AM, exactly 29 hours in the water – after encountering strong currents and winds that pushed her miles off course (to the east). Nyad also said she had been suffering shoulder pain since her third hour in the water, but what made her abandon the effort was a flare-up of her asthma, such that, throughout the final hour, she could only swim a few strokes before repeatedly having to roll on her back to catch her breath.[22] In a speech given by Diana at a TED talk she described how she had been stung by a box jellyfish on two different occasions during the swim. The first on her right forearm and the second incident around the neck. It was the combination of both attacks which led to the deterioration of respiratory capability that made it necessary to stop.[23]

Physical conditions

Nyad moved her training site from the Caribbean island of St. Maarten to Key West, Florida, in June 2011. She was joined by key members of her support team on June 28, to wait for ideal weather conditions that typically occur only during the summer doldrums in July and August. For the marathon swim to be feasible, two main weather conditions needed to come together at the same time: a combination of low-to-light winds (to minimize sea chop), and water temperatures in the high 80s °F (high 20s/low 30s °C). These relatively "high" water temperatures produce a twin challenge: in the first half of her swim the warm water will dehydrate her body, while in the second half her body temperature will drop and she will face potential hypothermia. Nyad had bulked up her physique to about 150 pounds/70kg (15 pounds/7kg more than she weighed in 2010) to help counter the loss of body mass during her grueling swim.

To help fend off possible attacks by sharks, Nyad was escorted by a paddler in a kayak equipped with an electronic shark repellent, Protective Oceanic Device.[24]

To keep Nyad swimming in a straight line, her specially designed, slow-moving catamaran support boat deployed a 10-foot (3.0 m) streamer: a long pole keeps the streamer several yards away from the boat, and the streamer is designed to remain about 5 feet underwater, so that Nyad can swim above it, much like following a lane line in a swimming pool. At night, the white streamer was replaced by a string of red LED lights.[25] Writing in her blog in July 2011, Nyad stated that the development of the submerged guide streamer, in early summer 2011, may be the single greatest aid to her marathon swim. In all of her previous swims, she had trouble keeping the support boat in sight and was prone to veer off-course. Keeping a boat headed in a straight line, in the ocean, while moving at only 1 to 2 knots is very difficult, and her catamaran is equipped with thrusters and a special sea anchor (in case of following seas) to stabilize its course.

Support team

Nyad assembled a team of 25 persons to support her during the swim. The people responsible for selecting the date to begin the swim were husband-and-wife scientists Dane and Jenifer Clark from Annapolis, Maryland. Dane is a meteorologist and Jenifer is a satellite oceanographer, and they are acknowledged as experts on Gulf Stream conditions. Her physician during training and accompanying her on the swim was Dr. Michael S. Broder. The Clarks analyzed satellite weather and ocean data to select the best three-day "window of opportunity" to find the right combination of favorable winds and the warmest water temperatures.[26] Nyad wrote in her blog that Gulf water temperatures had been rising steadily through early July 2011, but that as of July 11 had tapered off at 84°F (29°C), and she required a minimum of 86°F (30°C), with even warmer water inside the Gulf Stream current, to begin her swim.

Third attempt

In September 2011, Nyad made another attempt at the Cuba-to-Florida swim, but had to stop before completing it because of box jellyfish and Portuguese man-of-war stings.[27] She declared she would attempt the swim again in 2012.[28][29]

Fourth attempt

Nyad began her fourth[30][31] quest on August 18, 2012, to set an open-water record by swimming 103 miles (166km) from Havana to the Florida Keys without a protective shark cage.[32] Her swim ended on the morning of August 21, 2012, about halfway through the attempt. Nyad's Operations Chief Mark Sollinger announced to CNN, "Diana suffered bad jellyfish stings overnight, and a bad lightning storm put us wildly off course."[31] She has cited Michael Phelps's 2012 performance in the 2012 Summer Olympics as her inspiration for her fourth attempt.[31]

Successful fifth attempt

On the morning of August 31, 2013, Nyad began her fifth bid to swim from Havana, Cuba to Florida, a distance of about 110 miles (177km), accompanied by a 35-person support team, swimming without a shark cage[33] but protected from jellyfish by a silicone mask, a full bodysuit, gloves and booties.[34] Before reaching Florida, Nyad broke Penny Palfrey's 2012 distance record for the Cuba to Florida swim, putting Nyad closer to Key West than anyone swimming without a shark cage.[35] At approximately 1:55 pm EDT on September 2, 2013, Nyad reached the beach in Key West, about 53 hours after she began her journey.[34][36]

Personal life

Diana Nyad has said a factor in her determination while swimming was her anger about, and her desire to overcome, sexual abuse she said she experienced as a child by her stepfather and, later, by a swim coach.[37][38][39][40][41][42] Nyad has spoken to the public about these issues.[43]

Nyad is openly lesbian.[44] On July 8, 2011, the U.S. gay sports website CompeteNetwork reported on her plans for the 2011 Cuba-to-Florida swim, writing that "(the) amazing Diana Nyad is a living legend in the swim world, and a role model for the LGBT community..."[45]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Duncan, Joyce (2002). "Diana Sneed Nyad". Ahead of Their Time: A Biographical Dictionary of Risk-Taking women. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing. pp. 245–47. ISBN 978-1-280-90869-9. Retrieved May 15, 2013.
  2. ^ Garcia, Anne-Marie (AP contributor) (September 2, 2013). "Diana Nyad completes Cuba-Florida swim". USA Today. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  3. ^ Alvarez, Lizette (September 2, 2013). "Nyad Completes Cuba-to-Florida Swim". The New York Times.
  4. ^ "Jack and Diana", Broward-Palm Beach New Times, June 14, 2004. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  5. ^ Osinski, Alison. "Diana Nyad, 1949-" (PDF). Aquatic Consulting Services. Retrieved September 4, 2013.
  6. ^ High school career and expulsion from Emory described in Nyad's 2002 induction as Al Schoenfield Media Award winner; [1]
  7. ^ Thuma, Cynthia A. (2007). "Diana Nyad". Sport Lauderdale: Big Names and Big Games: A Sports Enthusiast's Guide to Broward County, Florida. Charleston, SC: The History Press. p. 62. ISBN 9781596291454. Retrieved May 15, 2013.
  8. ^ HickokSports.com, "Sports Biographies/Swimming: Nyad, Diana". Retrieved July 18, 2011.
  9. ^ [http://www.goldstars.com/speakers/nyad_diana.html; Gold Stars Speakers Bureau, bio for Diana Nyad; accessed July 18, 2011.[dead link]
  10. ^ "Say hello to Savvy Traveler host Diana Nyad..." publicradio.org. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
  11. ^ ""Diana", A WIGS Real documentary now playing!". Diana Nyad. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  12. ^ Pipkin, James W (2008). Sporting Lives: Metaphor and Myth in American Sports Autobiographies. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. pp. 90–92. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
  13. ^ Lipsyte, Robert (September 12, 1999). "Reflections on a Secret Life in Professional Sports". The New York Times. Retrieved September 2, 2011Template:Inconsistent citations{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  14. ^ "Woman Swimmers Circles Manhattan on Her Second Attempt"; published in NYC Swim on October 7, 1975. Retrieved July 18, 2011.
  15. ^ The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives: Sports Figures Vol.2, edited by Arnie Markoe (New York:2002)
  16. ^ "Can Diana Nyad Make from Cuba to Florida?". The Daily News of Open Water Swimming. July 14, 2011.
  17. ^ "Nyad delays attempt to break distance-swim record"; CNN Health News, October 15, 2010. Retrieved July 18, 2011.][dead link]
  18. ^ "Diana Nyad: Swimming the Dream". KCRW. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  19. ^ Alvarez, Lizette (July 18, 2011). "Swimming With the Sharks, for 103 Miles". The New York Times. Retrieved July 18, 2011.
  20. ^ "Marathon swimmer poised for Cuba-Florida attempt", The Daily Herald, March 25, 2011. Retrieved July 18, 2011.
  21. ^ Alvarez, Lizette. "Ready to Swim 103 Miles With the Sharks", The New York Times, July 18, 2011. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  22. ^ "Nyad: Today's swim shows 60s not too late for goals", CNN News & Health. Retrieved August 7, 2011
  23. ^ Diana Nyad (October 2011). "Extreme swimming with the world's most dangerous jellyfish". TED Conferences. Retrieved May 15, 2013.
  24. ^ Source for Nyad's use of SharkShield deployed in escort kayak, is September 3, 2010 blog entry by Diana Nyad, "Steve Munatones will verify the swim"; [2]. Retrieved July 18, 2011.
  25. ^ Yahoo! Sports, July 15, 2011, "World Record Holder Diana Nyad Set to Conquer Sharks, Distance and Time". Retrieved July 18, 2011.
  26. ^ The Washington Post, Sports, May 25, 2011; "Diana Nyad, at age 61, prepares for second attempt to swim from Cuba to Key West", interview by Sally Jenkins. Retrieved July 18, 2011.
  27. ^ "Jellyfish, currents cut short Cuba-to-Florida swim". CNN. September 26, 2011.
  28. ^ [3][dead link]
  29. ^ "The Swim". Diana Nyad. September 19, 2011. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  30. ^ Welikala, Judith. "Cuba-to-Florida Swimmer Diana Nyad Makes Fourth Attempt". Time. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
  31. ^ a b c Schilken, Chuck (August 21, 2012). "Diana Nyad ends her latest attempt to swim from Cuba to Florida". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
  32. ^ ORSI, Peter. "Nyad Back in the Water in Cuba-Florida Record Swim". Associated Press. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
  33. ^ "Woman to brave sharks, jellyfish and storms in final Cuba-Florida swim attempt". The Washington Times. August 31, 2013. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  34. ^ a b "US swimmer Diana Nyad, 64, makes historic Cuba-Florida crossing". BBC News. September 2, 2013. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  35. ^ "Diana Nyad's Cuba to Florida swim breaks one record". CNN. Sep 1, 2013 (updated September 2, 2013). Retrieved September 2, 2013. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  36. ^ "Nyad 1st to Swim to Florida From Cuba Without Cage". The New York Times. Associated Press. September 2, 2013. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  37. ^ Marathon Swimmer Diana Nyad Takes On the Demons of the Sea, By ELIZABETH WEIL, New York Times, December 1, 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/04/magazine/marathon-swimmer-diana-nyad.html?pagewanted=all
  38. ^ Out Magazine, 7.9.2012. The Swimmer: What drives a 63-year-old woman in her lifelong quest to swim. By Shana Naomi Krochmal, http://www.out.com/entertainment/sports/2012/07/09/Diana-Nyad-swimmer-cuba-lesbian?page=full
  39. ^ Jack and Diana. Broward/Palm Beach New Times. By Ashley Harrell, Thursday, Jun 14, 2007, http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/2007-06-14/news/jack-and-diana/
  40. ^ Huffington Post, 12/01/11, Diana Nyad: Long Distance Swimmer, Journalist, Broadcaster, GET UPDATES FROM Diana Nyad, Penn State Shocker. Really? http://www.huffingtonpost.com/diana-nyad/penn-state-not-by-any-mea_b_1122064.html
  41. ^ Poisoned Waters: Widespread Sex Abuse of Young Female Swimmers Continues To Plague USA Swimming. By Irvin Muchnick. The Mom’s Team website 2012. http://www.momsteam.com/poisoned-waters-sex-abuse-by-male-coaches-of-female-swimmers-continues-despite-USA-Swimming-efforts#ixzz2dmMNB4nj
  42. ^ Sexual Misconduct in U.S. Swimming Part 1: Swim coaches have been banned over sexual misconduct with young girls. 04/09/2010 ABC’s 20/20 http://abcnews.go.com/2020/video/sexual-misconduct-us-swimming-10337006
  43. ^ Salon, SEPTEMBER 1, 2013 1:34AM Diana Nyad – Onward, http://open.salon.com/blog/onislandtime/2013/08/31/diana_nyad_-_onward
  44. ^ "Reflections on a Secret Life in Professional Sports". The New York Times. September 12, 1999.
  45. ^ "Swim Legend Diana Nyad To Swim From Cuba to Florida". Competenetwork.com. July 8, 2011. Retrieved September 2, 2013.

External links

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