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*{{cite news | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/state-dept-official-iranian-soldiers-are-fighting-for-assad-in-syria/2013/05/21/a7c3f4ce-c23e-11e2-914f-a7aba60512a7_story.html | title=State Dept. official: Iranian soldiers are fighting for Assad in Syria | work=Washington Post | date=21 May 2013 }}</ref><br>
*{{cite news | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/state-dept-official-iranian-soldiers-are-fighting-for-assad-in-syria/2013/05/21/a7c3f4ce-c23e-11e2-914f-a7aba60512a7_story.html | title=State Dept. official: Iranian soldiers are fighting for Assad in Syria | work=Washington Post | date=21 May 2013 }}</ref><br>
*[[Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution|Revolutionary Guards]]
*[[Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution|Revolutionary Guards]]
{{Collapsible list
|bullets = yes
|title = Supported by:
|{{Flag|China}} <ref>{{cite news|title=Syria allies: Why Russia, Iran and China are standing by the regime|author= Holly Yan|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/29/world/meast/syria-iran-china-russia-supporters/|newspaper=[[CNN]]|date=29 August 2013|accessdate=29 August 2013}} </ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Friction at the U.N. as Russia and China Veto Another Resolution on Syria Sanctions|author=Rick Gladstone|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/20/world/middleeast/russia-and-china-veto-un-sanctions-against-syria.html?_r=0|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=19 July 2012|accessdate=29 August 2013}} </ref>
|{{Flag|Russia}} <ref>{{cite news|title=Why Russia is standing by Syria's Assad|author=BBC|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18462813|newspaper=[[BBC]]|date=15 June 2012|accessdate=26 August 2013}} </ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Russia’s sole support for Syria casts a pall over G-8|author= Ben Wolfgang|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jun/17/obama-summit-partners-press-us-europe-trade-deal/?page=all|newspaper=[[The Washington Times]]|date=17 June 2013|accessdate=26 August 2013}} </ref>
<small>(For other forms of foreign support, see [[Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war|here]])</small>
}}


''Foreign militants:''
''Foreign militants:''

Revision as of 04:57, 7 September 2013

Syrian civil war
Part of the Arab Spring

Bombed-out vehicles after street fighting in Aleppo, October 2012
For a war map of the current situation, see here.
Date15 March 2011 (2011-03-15) – ongoing
(13 years, 5 months and 4 days)
Location
Syria, with minor spillovers in neighboring countries
Status Conflict ongoing
Belligerents

Syria Syrian government

Pro-government armed groups:

 Iran[1]

Foreign militants:

(For other forms of foreign support, see here)

Syria Syrian opposition

Supported by:

Mujahideen

Democratic Union Party (PYD)

(For more on Kurdish involvement, see here)
Commanders and leaders

Syria Bashar al-Assad
Syria Maher al-Assad (WIA)
Syria Fahd Jassem al-Freij
Syria Ali Abdullah Ayyoub
Syria Issam Hallaq
Syria Ghassan Ismail
Syria Mohammad al-Shaar (WIA)
Syria Wael Nader Al-Halqi
Syria Abu Ajeeb
Syria Abu Hajar
Syria Muhammad Nasif
Syria Ali Kayali
File:Leb.tif Hassan Nasrallah

Abdul-Malik al-Houthi

Syria Salim Idris
Syria Mustafa al-Sheikh
Syria Riad al-Asaad (WIA)[15]
Syria Ahmed Eissa al-Sheikh
United States Barack Obama

Hassan Aboud[16]
Abu Musab[17]
Abu Mohammad al-Golani (WIA)[18]

Abu Abdullah al-Hamawi
 Salih Muslim Muhammad
Strength

Syria Syrian Armed Forces: 178,000 (inc navy and air force) (by Aug 2013)[19]
Syria General Security Directorate: 8,000[19]
Syria Shabiha militiamen: 10,000 fighters[20]
Syria National Defense Force: 80,000 soldiers[21]
Syria al-Abbas brigade: 10,000 fighters[22]
Syria Jaysh al-Sha'bi: 50,000[23]
 Iran: 150 military advisors [24]
File:Leb.tif Hezbollah:

1,500[25]–5,000[26] fighters

Syria Free Syrian Army: 50,000[4] - 80,000[27] Syria Syrian Islamic Liberation Front: 37,000[4] (by May 2013)
Syrian Islamic Front: 13,000[4] (by May 2013)
Al-Nusra Front: 6,000[4] (by June 2013)

Foreign Mujahideen: 10,000 (by August 2013)[28]		 15,000 fighters[29]
Casualties and losses

Syrian government 27,654 soldiers and policemen killed[30]
17,824 militiamen killed[30]
1,000 government officials killed[31]
3,500 soldiers captured[32]

Hezbollah
171[30]–178[33] killed

Iranian IRGC
13 killed[34][35][36][37]

21,850[30]–45,650[38] fighters killed* 979 protesters killed[39]

9,000[32]–41,508[40] opposition fighters and supporters captured		 81+ fighters killed[41][42]
100,000 killed overall (June 2013 UN estimate)[43]

83,263[40][44]–110,371[30] killed overall (September 2013 opposition estimate)**
642–1,548 foreign civilians killed

Iraq 14 Iraqi soldiers killed[45][46]
Lebanon 5 Lebanese soldiers killed[47][48]
Turkey 3 Turkish servicemen killed[49][50]
Jordan 1 Jordanian soldier killed[51]

2.5–3 million internally displaced[52][53]
2,000,938 refugees (September 2013 UNHCR figure)[54]

130,000 missing or detained[55]

*Number possibly higher due to the opposition counting rebels that were not defectors as civilians.[56]
**Number includes foreign fighters from both sides, as well as foreign civilians

References

  1. ^ Saeed Kamali Dehghan (28 May 2012). "Syrian army being aided by Iranian forces". The Guardian.
  2. ^ "Hezbollah Commits to an All-Out Fight to Save Assad". The New York Times. May 25, 2013.
  3. ^ "Syria rebels clash with army, Palestinian fighters". Agence France-Presse. 31 October 2012.
  4. ^ a b c d e "The Structure and Organization of the Syrian Opposition". Center for American Progress. 14 May 2013.
  5. ^ "Syria crisis: France's 'full support' to opposition". BBC News. August 30, 2013.
  6. ^ "France funding Syrian rebels in new push to oust Assad". The Guardian. December 7, 2012.
  7. ^ "France 'Ready To Punish' Syria Over Gas Attack". Huffington Post. August 27, 2013.
  8. ^ "U.S. Steps Up Aid to Syrian Opposition, Pledging $60 Million". New York Times. February 28, 2013.
  9. ^ "Obama authorizes secret U.S. support for Syrian rebels". Reuters. August 1, 2012.
  10. ^ "Source: Obama approves arming Syrian rebels". USA Today. June 14, 2013.
  11. ^ Spencer, Richard (16 August 2012). "British convert to Islam vows to fight to the death on Syrian rebel front line". Telegraph.
  12. ^ "The Free Syrian Army" (PDF). Institute for the Study of War.
  13. ^ "New front opens in Syria as rebels say al Qaeda attack means war". Reuters. 12 July 2013.
  14. ^ "assads no enemey of al-qaeda". NOW Lebanon. 31 July 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
  15. ^ "U.N. withdraws staffers as violence rages in Syria". Edition.cnn.com. 25 May 2013.
  16. ^ "Competition among Islamists". The Economist. 19 July 2013.
  17. ^ "Kurds capture jihadist commander in north Syria: NGO". Fox News. 20 July 2013.
  18. ^ "Al-Nusra leader injured by regime bombardment". Facebook.com. Retrieved 2013-05-16.
  19. ^ a b Syria's diminished security forces
  20. ^ Regime-backed militia does Syria's 'dirty work,' analysts say
  21. ^ "Hezbollah-trained squad to lead battle for Aleppo". The Australian. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  22. ^ Syrian war widens Sunni-Shia schism as foreign jihadis join fight for shrines retrieved 5 June 2013
  23. ^ Borger, Julian (14 March 2013). "Iran and Hezbollah 'have built 50,000-strong force to help Syrian regime'". The Guardian.
  24. ^ "Assad might yet win in Syria thanks to Iran's Revolutionary Guards". 2013-05-30.
  25. ^ "Assad backed by 1,500 fighters from Hezbollah, says defector". The Times. 6 October 2012.
  26. ^ Ben, Ilan. (8 January 2013) According to Al-Watan, members of the Shiite Lebanese militia have already killed 300 Syrian rebels. The Times of Israel.
  27. ^ Lund, Aron (17 June 2013). "Freedom fighters? Cannibals? The truth about Syria's rebels". The Independent. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  28. ^ "Up to 150 Britons join rebels fighting to overthrow Assad". The Times.
  29. ^ "Salih Muslim: We have 15 thousand fighters from the People's protection units". The DailyStar. Retrieved 23 june 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  30. ^ a b c d e "NGO puts Syria toll above 110,000". AFP. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  31. ^ "David Cameron Offers 'Safe Passage' For Syria's Bashar Al-Assad, But Not To Britain (PICTURES)". Huffington Post. 6 November 2012.
  32. ^ a b The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights
  33. ^ "Hezbollah Operatives Killed in Syria – Update". Terrorism-info.org.il. 2013-06-27. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
  34. ^ "Iran: Senior IRGC Commander killed while travelling from Damascus to Beirut". Ncr-iran.org. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
  35. ^ "Iran: Funeral for IRGC officer killed in Syria". Ncr-iran.org. 2013-08-03. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
  36. ^ "Iran: IRGC member killed in Syria buried in Tehran". Ncr-iran.org. 2013-08-03. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
  37. ^ "Iran: Three IRGC members killed in Syria fighting for Assad regime". Ncr-iran.org. 2013-08-03. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
  38. ^ With SOHR already stating that the number of government and rebel fatalities is evenly divided[1] and the pro-government fatalities to be an estimated 45,649,[2] a higher figure of rebels killed can be estimated to be 45,650 as well. This would be in line with SOHR's upper estimate of 120,000 unverified dead,[3] with the number of combatant dead being double the documented number.[4]
  39. ^ "Syria: Opposition, almost 11,500 civilians killed". Ansamed.ansa.it. 2010-01-03. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
  40. ^ a b "Statistics for the number of martyrs". Violations Documenting Center. 31 August 2013.
  41. ^ Wrase, Michael (4 April 2013). "Die arabische Revolution hat den Kurden Freiheit gebracht" (in German). Badische Zeitung. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
  42. ^ "Syrian troops consolidating gains in key district in central Homs region". Foxnews.com. 2013-07-28. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
  43. ^ "More than 2,000 killed in Syria since Ramadan began". Timesofoman.com. 2013-07-25. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
  44. ^ "Other statistics". Violations Documenting Center. 31 August 2013.
  45. ^ "Iraqi Soldier Killed by Fire from Syria". Naharnet.com. 3 March 2013.
  46. ^ Zeina Karam (17 September 2012). "Syrian jets bomb northern city overrun by rebels". Washington Examiner. Associated Press.
  47. ^ "Arsal ambush kills two Lebanese soldiers hunting wanted fugitive". Daily Star. Retrieved 2013-03-08.
  48. ^ Violence in Lebanese Border Towns Adds to Fears of Syrian Encroachment
  49. ^ "Assad regrets downing of Turkish jet, says won't allow open combat with Ankara". English.alarabiya.net. 2012-07-03.
  50. ^ "Turkish police killed in clashes on Syrian border". Worldbulletin.net. 2013-05-02.
  51. ^ "Syria's civil war spills violence across borders into Jordan, Lebanon". Associated Press. 22 October 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  52. ^ "Syria: A full-scale displacement and humanitarian crisis with no solutions in sight".
  53. ^ "Dispatch: Syria's Internally Displaced Depend on Handouts".
  54. ^ "Syria Regional Refugee Response". UNHCR. 18 August 2013.
  55. ^ "Syria's Meltdown Requires a U.S.-Led Response". Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 22 March 2013.
  56. ^ "NGO: More than 13,000 killed in Syria since March 2011". Agence France-Presse. 27 May 2012.
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