NZR 56-foot carriage

NZR A class 56-foot carriage
A NZR 56-foot carriage used by the Taieri Gorge Railway at Dunedin Railway Station
In service	1937 - present
Manufacturer	New Zealand Railways Department (NZR)
Built at	Otahuhu, Auckland Addington, Christchurch
Constructed	1937 - 1945
Operators	Tranz Scenic, Taieri Gorge Railway
Lines served	various
Specifications
Car length	56 feet (17.07 m)
Track gauge	42

The TranzAlpine, which uses up to nine NZR 56-foot carriages

The NZR 56-foot carriage is a class of 17.07m-long railway passenger car formerly used on almost all long-distance rail transport in New Zealand, and still in service. Some have been preserved.

1927: Prototypes

The first 56 ft carriages were built in 1927, being a development of the then-standard steel-panel Aa class NZR 50-foot carriages. These first six carriages were 50 ft cars with lengthened underframes at the ends, and the cars retained the same bogie spacing as the 50 ft carriages. Designed for sleeper use, these cars were clad in wood initially. All were given the A^A classification due to their limited running rights, and were numbered consecutively from A^A 1616 to A^A 1622. Later they were clad in steel and given new underframes to match the later 56 ft cars.

1930s-1940s: The second batch

It was not until 1937 that further 56 ft cars were built, to a slightly different design. The new cars had different bogie spacing and a more rounded profile, to allow general route availability. They were classed A, with the initial batch being built at Otahuhu Railway Workshops. It took Otahuhu and Addington Railway Workshops until 1945 to complete the class. There was a large amount of variation in the body arrangement between batches. This primarily reflected the carriage's use – 2nd Class (X25480), 1st Class, 1st/2nd Class Composite (X25916) or Semi Sleeping - but there was also variations between carriages intended for North Island and South Island use. South Island 1st Class cars (X25495) were built with pressure ventilation and a coupe compartment at one end, while North Island 1st Class cars (X25485) used roof-based vents like 2nd Class cars, and did not include a coupe. Up to 12 2nd Class cars were converted into 20-bed Ambulance cars for use in World War 2 and after the war were converted for general use, six of which were converted for 1st Class use, with four receiving seats of a more modern design, that were later used for the Endeavour Express and The Connoisseur car. Eight out of 11 Semi Sleeper cars were rebuilt as 16-berth all-sleeper cars, one rebuilt as a 14-berth sleeper because it retained the original 4-berth cabin. 56-ft cars quickly became the mainstay of the passenger fleet, being used on the NZR's important trains in their red livery.

NZR JA class steam loco hauling two NZR 56-foot carriages followed by several NZR 50-foot carriages on an excursion train

The carriages were 56’ 0” (17.069m) long and 11’ 4½” (3.467m) high. The width was 8’ 11” (2.718m) at the waist reducing to 8’ 9½” (2.680m) at about window height so that the cars could run over all lines. The extra width allowed second class seating to have one double seat each side of the aisle so seating four per row; but first class cars had seating for three per row, a single seat on one side and two single seats on the other side of the aisle. The seating for passengers was:

• First class: 31 passengers in single reclining chair seats (a few had 32 or 35 seats)
• Second class: 56 passengers (initially 59 for some 1939-40 Addington cars with one toilet, but rebuilt to 56-seat with two toilets 1942-43).
• Composite: 14 first class and 28 second class; total 42 passengers.
• First class coupe: 29 & 2 triple width seats seating 6; total 35 passengers

The cars had an enclosed vestibule at each end. The first class coupe cars with a small coupe compartment seating 6 had only one lavatory at one end with the coupe compartment at the other end, but most had two lavatories, one at each end, often marked ‘Gents’ and ‘Ladies’.

"Fat Annie" guards van variant

In 1942 two Guard's vans were built on the same 56 ft type underframe to create vans to match the 56 ft carriage stock. The first two vans had narrow vestibules at both ends, and a further 19 vans built in 1943-44 only had this at one end. These vans were used on principal expresses in both Islands until the 1980s.

1970s: 'blue' upgrade

File:NZR DA class 1973.jpg

NZR 56-foot carriages on the Endeavour in 1973

NZR began overhauling a number of 56 ft cars for a new South Island train called the "Southerner". These carriages were painted blue with a light blue stripe bordered by gold on the sides and white roofs, and received new seating and upholstery to match. Some carriages were highly modified into buffet cars, the first buffet cars on NZR since 1918. Classified AB, these cars had a kitchenette and a full-length buffet counter installed. A similar set of cars was upgraded in the North Island for the new "Endeavour" train from Wellington to Napier. Another set of carriages (including sleeping cars) was overhauled for a new overnight train between Wellington and Auckland called the "Northerner". These cars were the first to be turned out with the new "Supavent" style of windows, and were painted a mustard yellow instead of blue. All these new carriages were running on new bogies, after a successful trial of a new "deluxe" bogie under 56 ft car A 1622. The bogie type used was initially the same as the FS steam heat vans (X27750, known as a "Kinki" bogie), and later the type of bogie pioneered under the NZR FM guards vans (X28020, known as an "FM" bogie), heavily based on the type of bogies used under the Silver Star classed X28250. This improved the ride quality of the carriages.

1980s: Panoramic glazing

Detail of panoramic windows on NZR 56-foot carriages

The next major change for the 56 ft carriage fleet occurred in 1988: the first carriage with 1m-high panoramic windows, AS2500, was introduced in the South Island for use on the TranzAlpine Express and later re-numbered ASO27, and was quickly followed by further upgraded carriages, primarily on the TranzAlpine. The 2nd servery car upgraded to this large window configuration was to be numbered AS2517 but was released as ASO 14 – the O for Observation denoted the large panoramic windows, and subsequent cars followed this classification. Further carriages were upgraded over the next five years, and some were fitted with air conditioning, a feature not previously used in New Zealand carriages. Four carriages were modified with lounge seating and a large panoramic window in one end, one car incorporating a servery, but no special classification distinguished these cars from the other AOs or ASOs. Other carriages were given upgraded seating and new paint colours but remained on the older style bogies and without air conditioning, for commuter and charter use. Later, some of these cars included air conditioning but retained the smaller Supavent windows

Current use of 56ft Carriages

56 ft carriages with large observation windows are kept as a charter fleet, but otherwise are no longer used on mainline passenger services. A large number of 56 ft cars are now either with small train operating companies (Taieri Gorge Railway, 13 carriages) or in preservation with many railway societies, some which use the cars on main line excursions. None of the car-van van variant remain in use, their use having been supplanted by the newer FM/AG vans. However, examples exist in preservation.

Taieri Gorge Railway

While KiwiRail has phased out 56-foot carriages, Dunedin tourism operator Taieri Gorge Railway is phasing them in. Due to the tight tunnel clearances on their Taieri Gorge route, TGR is unlikely to be able to use imported carriages such as are becoming widespead on other New Zealand routes.

In September 2007 The Taieri Gorge Railway announced it had purchased 12 NZR 56-foot carriages formerly used on the Wairarapa Connection, to replace its heritage wooden open-platform cars. and its ex-Dunedin suburban NZR 50-foot carriages. The first of these, A2325, was prepared at a cost of $45,000 and ready in September 2008. Although A2325 was the first car put in service, a 13th 56 ft car A2095 had been purchased earlier and conversion begun to a buffet car, which entered service in Nov 2009. Entering service in Oct 2009 was A2277. The company anticipated having three carriages in service by the end of 2008, and all 12 by 2013. The upgrade included new seating, carpets, toilets and external paint. The railway intends to refurbish three carriages each year.

Heritage Railways

Many other heritage groups have acquired examples of the 56-foot carriages for use on heritage railways or mainline excursions. Most prominent among these is Steam Incorporated, who own six carriages of this type (though not all are operational). The Mainline Steam Trust also own a further six, five purchased from KiwiRail in 2011 and one, A 2044, purchased in 2007 after years of service as a stationary restaurant beside the Te Kuiti station platform.

The Feilding District Steam & Railway have a further ten in their collection (nine owned by FDSR and one leased from the Silverstream Railway), and have a total of four carriages operating from this fleet. The Rimutaka Incline Railway has five, and the Glenbrook Vintage Railway has three which are mainline certified. Other groups either own carriages of this type or lease them through the Rail Heritage Trust.

Current trains using 56-foot carriages

South Island

• Seasider (Dunedin-Palmerston)
• Taieri Gorge Limited (Dunedin-Taieri Gorge)

Current trains no longer using 56-foot carriages

North Island

• Auckland suburban services (replaced with diesel multiple units in the 1990s, later supplemented by ex-British Rail Mark 2 stock)
• Capital Connection (replaced with ex-British Rail Mark 2 stock in 1998)
• Wairarapa Connection (replaced with ex-British Rail Mark 2 stock in 2007)

South Island

• Coastal Pacific (replaced with brand new Hillside Workshops built AK carriages in late 2011)
• TranzAlpine (Christchurch-Greymouth)

Former trains that used 56-foot carriages

North Island

• Overlander (Wellington-Auckland)
• Bay Express
• Blue Fern
• Endeavour
• Northerner
• Scenic Daylight

South Island

• Lynx Express
• Southerner
• Coastal Pacific

Classification

An AO Class NZR 56-foot carriage on the Northern Explorer at Papakura during temporary withdrawal of the AK class carriage fleet.

• A passenger car
• AL car-van (with luggage compartment)
• AO panoramic windows
• AS servery
• ASO panoramic windows and servery
• F guards van

External links

• Photo of new 56 foot second class carriages c1938