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Revision as of 19:12, 15 July 2014
Armenikend (Armenian: Արմենիքենդ; Azerbaijani: Ermənikənd; Russian: Арменикенд), was a name of a district in Baku, where many Armenians lived.[1] The settlement of Ermanikand was designed in 1920s on the sparsely populated outskirts of Baku as one of the earliest Soviet experiments in the integrated development of a large urban area.[2] The former quarter is located in the Nasimi raion of Baku.
History
The Armenian community in Baku formed when the oil boom started in the late 19th century. At the time, Baku and Azerbaijan was a part of Czarist Russia, and many people from neighboring Armenia (also part of Czarist Russia) moved there. The village of Ermanikand existed in Baku in 1918 when 15,000 Armenians were killed during the September Days.[3] The reconstruction and modernization of Ermanikand started later, when Baku further expanded, when Azerbaijan, after a brief period of independence as the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan during 1918–1920 with the collapse of Czarist Russia (and also Armenia which went through the same brief stage as well) was invaded and annexed by the Soviet Union as the newly formed Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic in 1920. The former suburb Ermanikand has been transformed into a fine town consisting exclusively of new blocks.[4] Several famed Constructivist architects worked on the Ermanikand model village, started in 1925.[5] The settlement became part, with the steady expansion of the city of Baku. Officially the district was part of a larger district named "Shahumyan" after the Armenian Bolshevik leader Stepan Shaumyan who lived in Baku, while the name of Ermanikand always was mentioned next to it.[6] Ermanikand was designed to be the home of oil-workers. The Soviet architects Samoylov A.V. and Ivanitsky A.P supervised the architecture of Ermanikand in the 1920–1930s.[7] The central part had 3–4 storied buildings in the style of Soviet socialist realist architecture (near the Mughan hotel). Connected by tram lines with the coastal part of Baku, Ermanikand quickly became one of the main parts of the city.[8] With the influx of many other nationalities and with the dispersal of the Armenian community to other districts of the city, the district lost this distinction and the nickname gradually disappeared.
Until the 1980s, the Armenians in Baku were concentrated in "Ermanikand" ("Armenian village"), and it was known for this.[9][10] After the Armenian pogroms on January 13–15, 1990, the Armenian community of Baku fled the country.
See also
References
- ^ Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War, Thomas De Waal – 2003, p. 30, cit. "Armenian quarter Armenikend"
- ^ Pioneers of Soviet architecture: the search for new solutions in the 1920s and 1930s, Selim Omarovich Khan-Magomedov, Catherine Cooke, Jan 15, 1987, p. 276
- ^ Le nettoyage ethnique: terreur et peuplement, Stéphane Rosière – 2006 – p. 146
- ^ The petroleum excursion: The Azerbaijanian Soviet Socialist Republic. A. I͡A. Krems, A. I︠A︡ Krems, A. J. Krems, Chief Editorial Office of the Mining-Fuel and Geological-Prospecting Literature, 1937, p. 30
- ^ Tattooed mountain women and spoonboxes of Daghestan: magic medicine symbols in silk, stone, wood and flesh, by Robert Chenciner, Gabib Ismailov, Magomedkhan Magomedkhanov, Alex Binnie, Bennett & Bloom, 2006, p. 82
- ^ История советской архитектуры, 1917–1954 гг, Николай Петрович Былинкин, Александр Васильевич Рябушин, Стройиздат, 1985, p. 26
- ^ Russian avant-garde art and architecture, Vol. 53, Academy Editions and Architectural Design, 1983, p. 55
- ^ Баку: архитектурно-художественные памятники, Л. С Бретаницкий, Л. С Бретаницкий – 1965 – cit. "Связанный трамвайными линиями с прибрежной частью Баку, Арменикенд быстро превратился в один из основных районов города."
- ^ Азербайджан: конец второй республики (1988–1993), Расим Гусейнович Агаев, Зардушт Али-Заде – 2006, cit. "Он сказал, что в горкоме опасаются повторения попытки повести толпу на компактно заселенную армянами часть города – «Арменикенд» и устроить погром по сумгаитскому сценарию."
- ^ Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War, Thomas De Waal – 2003, p. 30, cit. "Armenian quarter Ermanikand"