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=={{Anchor|PROTECTIVE-MBR}}Legacy MBR (LBA 0)==
=={{Anchor|PROTECTIVE-MBR}}Legacy MBR (LBA 0)==
Traditionally, in IBM PC compatible systems the first sector of the disk holds the [[Master Boot Record]] (MBR), containing the drive's partitioning information and the code of the first stage boot loader for BIOS-based systems. For limited backward compatibility, this sector is still reserved for a MBR in the GPT specification, but it is now used in a way that prevents MBR-based disk utilities from misrecognizing and possibly overwriting GPT disks. This is referred to as a ''protective MBR''.<ref name="IBMLargeDrivesGPT" />
Traditionally, in IBM PC compatible systems the first sector of the disk holds the [[Master Boot Record]] (MBR), containing the drive's partitioning information and the code of the first stage boot loader for BIOS-based systems. For limited backward compatibility, this sector is still reserved for an MBR in the GPT specification, but it is now used in a way that prevents MBR-based disk utilities from misrecognizing and possibly overwriting GPT disks. This is referred to as a ''protective MBR''.<ref name="IBMLargeDrivesGPT" />


A single partition type of <tt>[[Partition type#PID EEh|EEh]]</tt>, encompassing the entire GPT drive (where "entire" actually means as much of the drive as can be represented in an MBR), is indicated and identifies it as GPT. Operating systems and tools which cannot read GPT disks will generally recognize the disk as containing one partition of unknown type and no empty space, and will typically refuse to modify the disk unless the user explicitly requests and confirms the deletion of this partition. This minimizes accidental erasures.<ref name="IBMLargeDrivesGPT" /> Furthermore, GPT-aware OSes may check the protective MBR and if the enclosed partition type is not of type <tt>EEh</tt> or if there are multiple partitions defined on the target device, the OS may refuse to manipulate the partition table.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/technotes/tn2166/_index.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/DTS10003927-CH1-SUBSECTION11 |title=Technical Note TN2166: Secrets of the GPT |publisher=Developer.apple.com |date=2006-11-06 |accessdate=2014-04-16}}</ref>
A single partition type of <tt>[[Partition type#PID EEh|EEh]]</tt>, encompassing the entire GPT drive (where "entire" actually means as much of the drive as can be represented in an MBR), is indicated and identifies it as GPT. Operating systems and tools which cannot read GPT disks will generally recognize the disk as containing one partition of unknown type and no empty space, and will typically refuse to modify the disk unless the user explicitly requests and confirms the deletion of this partition. This minimizes accidental erasures.<ref name="IBMLargeDrivesGPT" /> Furthermore, GPT-aware OSes may check the protective MBR and if the enclosed partition type is not of type <tt>EEh</tt> or if there are multiple partitions defined on the target device, the OS may refuse to manipulate the partition table.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/technotes/tn2166/_index.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/DTS10003927-CH1-SUBSECTION11 |title=Technical Note TN2166: Secrets of the GPT |publisher=Developer.apple.com |date=2006-11-06 |accessdate=2014-04-16}}</ref>

Revision as of 11:16, 2 December 2014

Diagram illustrating the layout of the GPT scheme. In this example, each logical block is 512 bytes in size, and each partition entry is 128 bytes, and the corresponding partition entries are assumed to be located in LBA 2-33, here. LBA addresses that are negative indicate position from the end of the volume, with −1 as the last addressable block.

GUID Partition Table (GPT) is a standard for the layout of the partition table on a physical hard disk, using globally unique identifiers (GUID). Although it forms a part of the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) standard (Unified EFI Forum proposed replacement for the PC BIOS), it is also used on some BIOS systems because of the limitations of master boot record (MBR) partition tables, which use 32 bits for storing logical block addresses (LBA) and size information.

As of 2010, most current operating systems support GPT. Some, including OS X and Microsoft Windows on x86, only support booting from GPT partitions on systems with EFI firmware, but FreeBSD and most Linux distributions can boot from GPT partitions on systems with either legacy BIOS firmware interface or EFI.

History

Main articles: INT 13H and Enhanced BIOS

The widespread MBR partitioning scheme, dating from the early 1980s, imposed limitations which affect the use of modern hardware. One of the main limitations is the usage of 32 bits for storing logical block addresses and size information. For hard disks with 512-byte sectors, the MBR partition table entries allow up to a maximum of 2 TiB (232×512 Bytes).[1]

Intel therefore developed a new partition table format in the late 1990s as part of what eventually became UEFI. As of 2010, GPT forms a subset of the UEFI specification.[2] GPT allocates 64 bits for logical block addresses, therefore allowing a maximum disk size of 264 sectors. For disks with 512-byte sectors, maximum size is 9.4 ZB (9.4 × 1021 bytes) or 8 ZiB (9,444,732,965,739,290,427,392 bytes, coming from 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 (264) sectors × 512 (29) bytes per sector).[1][3]

Features

MBR-based partition table schemes insert the partitioning information for (usually) four "primary" partitions in the master boot record (MBR) (which on a BIOS system is also the container for code that begins the process of booting the system). In a GPT, the first sector of the disk is reserved for a "protective MBR" such that booting a BIOS-based computer from a GPT disk is supported, but the boot loader and O/S must both be GPT-aware. Regardless of the sector size, the GPT header begins on the second logical block of the device.

Like modern MBRs, GPTs use logical block addressing (LBA) in place of the historical cylinder-head-sector (CHS) addressing. The protective MBR is contained in LBA 0, the GPT header is in LBA 1, and the GPT header has a pointer to the partition table, or Partition Entry Array, typically LBA 2. The UEFI specification[4] stipulates that a minimum of 16,384 bytes, regardless of sector size, be allocated for the Partition Entry Array. On a disk having 512-byte sectors, a partition entry array size of 16,384 bytes and the minimum size of 128 bytes for each partition entry, LBA 34 is the first usable sector on the disk.

Hard disk manufacturers are transitioning to 4,096-byte sectors. As of 2010, the first such drives continue to present 512-byte physical sectors to the OS, so degraded performance can result when the drive's (hidden) internal 4 KiB sector boundaries do not coincide with the 4 KiB logical blocks, clusters and virtual memory pages common in many operating systems and file systems. This is a particular problem on writes when the drive is forced to perform two read-modify-write operations to satisfy a single misaligned 4 KiB write operation.[5] Such a misalignment occurs by default if the first partition is placed immediately after the GPT, as the next block is LBA 34, whereas the next 4 KiB boundary begins with LBA 40.

For backward compatibility with most legacy operating systems like DOS, OS/2 and versions of Windows before Vista, MBR partitions must always start on track boundaries according to the traditional CHS addressing scheme and end on a cylinder boundary. This even holds true for partitions with emulated CHS geometries (as reflected by the BIOS and the CHS sectors entries in the MBR partition table) or partitions accessed only via LBA. Extended partitions always start on cylinder boundaries as well.

This typically causes the first primary partition to start at LBA 63 on disks accessed via LBA, leaving a gap of 62 sectors with MBR-based disks, sometimes called "MBR gap", "boot track", or "embedding area". That otherwise unused disk space is commonly used by boot loaders such as GRUB for storing their second stages.[6] On older computers using alternative LBA/CHS translation schemes or different extended CHS mappings, with smaller LBA-accessed disks, or on disks accessed via CHS only, the gap could be smaller, although not normally less than LBA 16 on normal hard disks.

Since Windows Vista, the first partition usually starts after a gap of 2,047 sectors at LBA 2,048 as part of its new 1 MiB partition alignment policy, so no large-sector misalignment occurs by default, but serious compatibility problems with older operating systems and disk tools exist.

Drives which boot Intel-based Macs are typically formatted with a GPT, rather than with the Apple Partition Map (APM).

GPT also provides redundancy, writing the GPT header and partition table both at the beginning and at the end of the disk.

If the minimum size of 16,384 bytes is allocated for the partition entry array, and the default size of 128 bytes is used for each partition entry, then the maximum number of partitions is limited to 128.

Legacy MBR (LBA 0)

Traditionally, in IBM PC compatible systems the first sector of the disk holds the Master Boot Record (MBR), containing the drive's partitioning information and the code of the first stage boot loader for BIOS-based systems. For limited backward compatibility, this sector is still reserved for an MBR in the GPT specification, but it is now used in a way that prevents MBR-based disk utilities from misrecognizing and possibly overwriting GPT disks. This is referred to as a protective MBR.[3]

A single partition type of EEh, encompassing the entire GPT drive (where "entire" actually means as much of the drive as can be represented in an MBR), is indicated and identifies it as GPT. Operating systems and tools which cannot read GPT disks will generally recognize the disk as containing one partition of unknown type and no empty space, and will typically refuse to modify the disk unless the user explicitly requests and confirms the deletion of this partition. This minimizes accidental erasures.[3] Furthermore, GPT-aware OSes may check the protective MBR and if the enclosed partition type is not of type EEh or if there are multiple partitions defined on the target device, the OS may refuse to manipulate the partition table.[7]

While the MBR layout (and also the protective MBR layout) was defined around a sector size of 512 bytes per sector, the actual sector size can be larger on various media such as MO disks or hard disks with Advanced Format. Extra space in the MBR typically remains unused.

If the actual size of the disk exceeds the maximum partition size representable using the legacy 32-bit LBA entries in the MBR partition table, the recorded size of this partition is clipped at the maximum, thereby ignoring the rest of disk. This amounts to a maximum reported size of 2 TiB, assuming a disk with 512 bytes per sector (see 512e). It would result in 16 TiB with 4 KB sectors (4Kn), but since many older operating systems and tools are hard-wired for a sector size of 512 bytes or are limited to 32-bit calculations, exceeding the 2 TiB limit would cause serious compatibility problems.[3]

In operating systems that support GPT-based boot through BIOS services rather than EFI, the first sector is also still used to store the first stage of the bootloader code, but modified to recognize GPT partitions. The boot loader in the MBR must not assume a fixed sector size of 512 bytes / sector.[3]

Apple's Boot Camp software for Intel-based Apple Macs creates a hybrid partition table to allow the booting of Windows (which at the time of Boot Camp's creation did not support GPT or EFI). In this system the protective partition is reduced in size to cover from sector 1 to the sector before the first regular partition included in the hybrid MBR. Additional MBR partitions are then defined to correspond to the next three GPT[citation needed] partitions.

Partition table header (LBA 1)

The partition table header defines the usable blocks on the disk. It also defines the number and size of the partition entries that make up the partition table. The EFI stipulates a minimum of 16,384 bytes be reserved for the partition table array, so there are 128 partition entries reserved, each 128 bytes long.

The header contains the disk globally unique identifier (GUID). It records its own size and location (always LBA 1!) and the size and location of the secondary GPT header and table (always the last sectors on the disk). Importantly, it also contains a CRC32 checksum for itself and for the partition table, which may be verified by the firmware, bootloader and/or operating system on boot. Because of this, hex editors should not be used to modify the contents of the GPT. Such modification would render the checksum invalid. In this case, the primary GPT may be overwritten with the secondary one by disk recovery software. If both GPTs contain invalid checksums, the disk would be unusable by software that verifies the checksum.

GPT header format
Offset Length Contents
0 (0x00) 8 bytes Signature ("EFI PART", 45h 46h 49h 20h 50h 41h 52h 54h or 0x5452415020494645ULL on little-endian machines)
8 (0x08) 4 bytes Revision (for GPT version 1.0 (through at least UEFI version 2.3.1), the value is 00h 00h 01h 00h)
12 (0x0C) 4 bytes Header size in little endian (in bytes, usually 5Ch 00h 00h 00h meaning 92 bytes)
16 (0x10) 4 bytes CRC32 of header (offset +0 up to header size), with this field zeroed during calculation
20 (0x14) 4 bytes Reserved; must be zero
24 (0x18) 8 bytes Current LBA (location of this header copy)
32 (0x20) 8 bytes Backup LBA (location of the other header copy)
40 (0x28) 8 bytes First usable LBA for partitions (primary partition table last LBA + 1)
48 (0x30) 8 bytes Last usable LBA (secondary partition table first LBA - 1)
56 (0x38) 16 bytes Disk GUID (also referred as UUID on UNIXes)
72 (0x48) 8 bytes Starting LBA of array of partition entries (always 2 in primary copy)
80 (0x50) 4 bytes Number of partition entries in array
84 (0x54) 4 bytes Size of a single partition entry (usually 128)
88 (0x58) 4 bytes CRC32 of partition array
92 (0x5C) * Reserved; must be zeroes for the rest of the block (420 bytes for a sector size of 512 bytes; but can be more with larger sector sizes)
LBA size Total

The values for current and backup LBAs of the primary header should be the second sector of the disk (LBA 1) and the last sector of the disk, respectively. The secondary header at the end of the disk identifies its own table of partition entries, which is located directly before that header.

This table must be referenced relative to LBA 1. Thus, on 4Kn disks with 4 KB sectors it does not follow the 512 bytes of the MBR physically (stored in LBA 0) and thereby becomes part of LBA 0 on disks with larger sector sizes. While the described arrangement happens to occur on disks with 512 bytes per sector, there may be "gaps" of unused space between them on disks with larger sector sizes. In other words, with 512-byte sectors it starts at 512th byte from the beginning of the disk, while with 4 KB sectors it starts at 4096th byte. If multi-sector reads are performed, the actual sector size must be included in the calculation when referencing this table.

Partition entries

GUID partition entry format
Offset Length Contents
0 (0x00) 16 bytes Partition type GUID
16 (0x10) 16 bytes Unique partition GUID
32 (0x20) 8 bytes First LBA (little endian)
40 (0x28) 8 bytes Last LBA (inclusive, usually odd)
48 (0x30) 8 bytes Attribute flags (e.g. bit 60 denotes read-only)
56 (0x38) 72 bytes Partition name (36 UTF-16LE code units)
128 bytes total

The GPT uses simple and straightforward entries to describe partitions. The first 16 bytes designate the partition type globally unique identifier (GUID). For example, the GUID for an EFI System partition is {C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B}. The second 16 bytes contain a GUID unique to the partition. Then follow the starting and ending 64-bit LBAs, partition attributes and partition names. As is the nature and purpose of GUIDs, no central registry is needed to ensure the uniqueness of the GUID partition type designators. The location of the partition entries array on disk is defined in the GPT header.

The GPT header contains a field that specifies the size of a partition table entry. The minimum required is 128 bytes, but implementations must allow for other values.[8]

Also, the sector size must not be assumed to be hard-wired to 512 bytes per sector in calculations (see Advanced Format), that is, there can be more than four partition entries in a single sector, and (with possible future much larger partition table entries) it is possible to have a sector hold only a fraction of a partition entry. Except for the first two sectors (LBA 0 and LBA 1), the GPT specification just describes the size and organization of a data structure, not in how many sectors it is stored on disk.

The 64 bits partition table attributes are shared between 48 bits common attributes for all partition types, and 16 bits type-specific attributes.

Partition attributes
Bit Content
0 System partition (disk partitioning utilities must preserve the partition as is)
1 EFI firmware should ignore the content of the partition and not try to read from it
2 Legacy BIOS bootable (equivalent to active flag (typically bit 7 set) at offset +0h in partition entries of the MBR partition table)[9]
3–47 Reserved for future use
48–63 Defined and used by the individual partition type

Microsoft defines the type-specific attributes for Basic data partition according to this TechNet article as:

Basic data partition attributes
Bit Content
60 Read-only
62 Hidden
63 Do not automount (i.e., do not assign drive letter)

Operating systems support

See also: UEFI: Disk device compatibility

Hybrid MBRs are non-standard and can be interpreted in different ways by different OSes.[10] Unless otherwise noted, OSes provide precedence to the GPT data when a hybrid MBR configuration is encountered.

The term No native support on this arch and version. should be understood this way:

Not supported as data disk,[11] only known legacy partitions found in protective MBR are accessible via the OS. Detachable disks: only support for MBR partitioning; No access with end user applications. GPT contained raw data is accessible with third-party administrator tools for low level disk access. True file system level support in read or read-write form might be subject of software from a third-party vendor.

UNIX and Unix-like operating systems

Details of GPT support on UNIX and Unix-like operating systems
OS family Version or edition Platform Read and write support Boot support Note
FreeBSD Since 7.0 IA-32, x86-64, ARM Yes Yes In a hybrid configuration, both GPT and MBR partition identifiers may be used.
Linux Most of the x86 Linux distributions

Fedora 8+ and Ubuntu 8.04+[12]

IA-32, x86-64 Yes Yes New tools such as gdisk,[13] GNU Parted,[14][15] util-linux v2.23+ fdisk,[16][17] Syslinux, GRUB 0.96 + patches and GRUB 2 have been GPT-enabled.
OS X Since 10.4.0 (some features since 10.4.6)[18] IA-32, x86-64 Yes Yes Only Intel Macintosh computers can boot from GPT.
MidnightBSD Since 0.4-CURRENT IA-32, x86-64 Yes Requires BIOS In a hybrid configuration, both GPT and MBR partition identifiers may be used.
Solaris Since Solaris 10 IA-32, x86-64, SPARC Yes Yes [19]
HP-UX Since HP-UX 11.20 IA-64 Yes Yes [20]

Windows: 32-bit versions

Windows 7 and earlier do not support (U)EFI on 32-bit platforms, and therefore do not allow booting from GPT partitions.

Details of GPT support on 32-bit editions of Microsoft Windows[11]
OS version Release date Platform Read or write support Boot support Note
Windows XP 2001-10-25 IA-32 No No
Windows Server 2003 2003-04-24 IA-32 No No
Windows Server 2003 SP1 2005-03-30 IA-32 Yes No MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration[10]
Windows Vista 2006-07-22 IA-32 Yes No MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration[10]
Windows Server 2008 2008-02-27 IA-32 Yes No MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration[10]
Windows 7 2009-10-22 IA-32 Yes No MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration[10]
Windows 8 2012-08-01 IA-32 Yes Yes[21] MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration[10]

Windows: 64-bit versions

Details of GPT support on 64-bit editions of Microsoft Windows[11]
OS version Release date Platform Read and write support Boot support Note
Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
Windows Server 2003 		2005-04-25[22] x64 Yes No MBR takes precedence in hybrid MBR configuration[10]
Windows Server 2003 2005-04-25 IA-64 Yes Yes MBR takes precedence in hybrid MBR configuration[10]
Windows Vista 2006-07-22 x64 Yes Requires UEFI[a] MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration[10]
Windows Server 2008 2008-02-27 x64 Yes Requires UEFI MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration[10]
Windows Server 2008 2008-02-27 IA-64 Yes Yes MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration[10]
Windows 7
Windows Server 2008 R2 		2009-10-22 x64 Yes Requires UEFI[b] MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration.[10]
Windows Server 2008 R2 2009-10-22 IA-64 Yes Yes MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration[10]
Windows 8
Windows Server 2012 		2012-08-01 x64 Yes Requires UEFI MBR takes precedence in hybrid configuration.[10]

Partition type GUIDs

Operating system Partition type Globally unique identifier (GUID)[A]
(None) Unused entry 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
MBR partition scheme 024DEE41-33E7-11D3-9D69-0008C781F39F
EFI System partition C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B
BIOS Boot partition[B] 21686148-6449-6E6F-744E-656564454649
Intel Fast Flash (iFFS) partition (for Intel Rapid Start technology)[23][24] D3BFE2DE-3DAF-11DF-BA40-E3A556D89593
Sony boot partition[F] F4019732-066E-4E12-8273-346C5641494F
Lenovo boot partition[F] BFBFAFE7-A34F-448A-9A5B-6213EB736C22
Windows Microsoft Reserved Partition (MSR) E3C9E316-0B5C-4DB8-817D-F92DF00215AE
Basic data partition[C] EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7
Logical Disk Manager (LDM) metadata partition 5808C8AA-7E8F-42E0-85D2-E1E90434CFB3
Logical Disk Manager data partition AF9B60A0-1431-4F62-BC68-3311714A69AD
Windows Recovery Environment DE94BBA4-06D1-4D40-A16A-BFD50179D6AC
IBM General Parallel File System (GPFS) partition 37AFFC90-EF7D-4E96-91C3-2D7AE055B174
Storage Spaces partition E75CAF8F-F680-4CEE-AFA3-B001E56EFC2D
HP-UX Data partition 75894C1E-3AEB-11D3-B7C1-7B03A0000000
Service Partition E2A1E728-32E3-11D6-A682-7B03A0000000
Linux Linux filesystem data[C] 0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4
RAID partition A19D880F-05FC-4D3B-A006-743F0F84911E
Swap partition 0657FD6D-A4AB-43C4-84E5-0933C84B4F4F
Logical Volume Manager (LVM) partition E6D6D379-F507-44C2-A23C-238F2A3DF928
/home partition[25] 933AC7E1-2EB4-4F13-B844-0E14E2AEF915
/srv (server data) partition[25] 3B8F8425-20E0-4F3B-907F-1A25A76F98E8
Plain dm-crypt partition[26][27] 7FFEC5C9-2D00-49B7-8941-3EA10A5586B7
LUKS partition[26][27] CA7D7CCB-63ED-4C53-861C-1742536059CC
Reserved 8DA63339-0007-60C0-C436-083AC8230908
FreeBSD Boot partition 83BD6B9D-7F41-11DC-BE0B-001560B84F0F
Data partition 516E7CB4-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
Swap partition 516E7CB5-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
Unix File System (UFS) partition 516E7CB6-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
Vinum volume manager partition 516E7CB8-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
ZFS partition 516E7CBA-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
Mac OS X Hierarchical File System Plus (HFS+) partition 48465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
Apple UFS 55465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
ZFS[D] 6A898CC3-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
Apple RAID partition 52414944-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
Apple RAID partition, offline 52414944-5F4F-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
Apple Boot partition 426F6F74-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
Apple Label 4C616265-6C00-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
Apple TV Recovery partition 5265636F-7665-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
Apple Core Storage (i.e. Lion FileVault) partition 53746F72-6167-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
Solaris Boot partition 6A82CB45-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
Root partition 6A85CF4D-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
Swap partition 6A87C46F-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
Backup partition 6A8B642B-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
/usr partition[D] 6A898CC3-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
/var partition 6A8EF2E9-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
/home partition 6A90BA39-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
Alternate sector 6A9283A5-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
Reserved partition 6A945A3B-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
6A9630D1-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
6A980767-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
6A96237F-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
6A8D2AC7-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
NetBSD[E][28] Swap partition 49F48D32-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
FFS partition 49F48D5A-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
LFS partition 49F48D82-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
RAID partition 49F48DAA-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
Concatenated partition 2DB519C4-B10F-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
Encrypted partition 2DB519EC-B10F-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
ChromeOS[29] ChromeOS kernel FE3A2A5D-4F32-41A7-B725-ACCC3285A309
ChromeOS rootfs 3CB8E202-3B7E-47DD-8A3C-7FF2A13CFCEC
ChromeOS future use 2E0A753D-9E48-43B0-8337-B15192CB1B5E
Haiku[30] Haiku BFS 42465331-3BA3-10F1-802A-4861696B7521
MidnightBSD[E][31] Boot partition 85D5E45E-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
Data partition 85D5E45A-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
Swap partition 85D5E45B-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
Unix File System (UFS) partition 0394EF8B-237E-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
Vinum volume manager partition 85D5E45C-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
ZFS partition 85D5E45D-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
Ceph Ceph Journal[G] BFBFAFE7-A34F-448A-9A5B-6213EB736C22
Ceph dm-crypt Encrypted Journal[G] 45B0969E-9B03-4F30-B4C6-5EC00CEFF106
Ceph OSD[G] 4FBD7E29-9D25-41B8-AFD0-062C0CEFF05D
Ceph dm-crypt OSD[G] 4FBD7E29-9D25-41B8-AFD0-5EC00CEFF05D
Ceph disk in creation[G] 89C57F98-2FE5-4DC0-89C1-F3AD0CEFF2BE
Ceph dm-crypt disk in creation[G] 89C57F98-2FE5-4DC0-89C1-5EC00CEFF2BE
A. ^ The GUIDs in this table are written assuming a little-endian byte order. For example, the GUID for an EFI System partition is written as {C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B} here, which corresponds to the 16 byte sequence 28h 73h 2Ah C1h 1Fh F8h D2h 11h BAh 4Bh 00h A0h C9h 3Eh C9h 3Bh — only the first three blocks are byte-swapped.
B. ^ The formation of this GUID does not follow the GUID definition; it is formed by using the ASCII codes for the string "Hah!IdontNeedEFI". Such formation of "GUID" value breaks down the guaranteed uniqueness of GUID.
C. a b Previously Linux used the same GUID for the data partitions as Windows (Basic data partition: {EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7}). Linux never had a separate unique partition type GUID defined for its data partitions. This created problems when dual-booting Linux and Windows in UEFI-GPT setup. The new GUID (Linux filesystem data: {0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4}) was defined jointly by GPT fdisk and GNU Parted developers. It is identified as type code 0x8300 in GPT fdisk. (See definitions in gdisk's parttypes.cc)
D. a b The GUID for /usr on Solaris is used as a generic GUID for ZFS by Mac OS X.
E. a b NetBSD and MidnightBSD had used the FreeBSD GUIDs before their unique GUIDs were created.
F. a b Some computer manufacturers have their own GUIDs for partitions that are analogous to the EFI System Partition, but that hold boot loaders to launch manufacturer-specific recovery tools.[32]
G. ^ The Ceph filesystem uses GUIDs to mark the state of preparation a disk is in.[33]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Only if using its service pack 1 or 2.
  2. ^ In a multi-disk setup, non-UEFI bootloader (boot drive) requires MBR-based partitioning, while a system drive can use GUID partitioning.

References

  1. ^ a b "FAQ: Drive Partition Limits" (PDF). UEFI Forum. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
  2. ^ Nikkel, Bruce J. (September 2009). "Forensic analysis of GPT disks and GUID partition tables". Digital Investigation. 6 (1–2): 39–47. doi:10.1016/j.diin.2009.07.001. The current popular BIOS and MBR partitioning scheme was originally developed in the early 1980s for the IBM Personal Computer using IBM PC-DOS or MS-DOS. The Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) provides an interface to the hardware and initiates the boot process (IBM, 1983). The MBR, located in sector zero, contains the initial boot code and a four entry partition table (Microsoft, 1983). Intended to solve booting and partitioning limitations with newer hardware, a replacement for both the BIOS and the MBR partition table was developed by Intel in the late 1990s (Intel, 2000). This is now called the Unified EFI (UEFI, 2008 UEFI Forum. Unified extensible firmware interface specification version 2.2 2008.UEFI, 2008) specification, and managed by the UEFI Forum (UEFI, 2009). A subset of this specification includes GPT, intended to replace the DOS/MBR partition tables.
  3. ^ a b c d e Roderick W. Smith (2012-07-03). "Make the most of large drives with GPT and Linux". IBM. Retrieved 2013-05-29.
  4. ^ UEFI specification
  5. ^ "Western Digital's Advanced Format: The 4K Sector Transition Begins". Anandtech.
  6. ^ "Installation". 3.4 BIOS installation. GNU GRUB. Retrieved 2013-09-25.
  7. ^ "Technical Note TN2166: Secrets of the GPT". Developer.apple.com. 2006-11-06. Retrieved 2014-04-16.
  8. ^ "Mac Developer Library". Developer.apple.com. Retrieved 2014-07-13.
  9. ^ "e09127r3 EDD-4 Hybrid MBR boot code annex" (PDF).
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Smith, Rod. "Hybrid MBRs: The Good, the Bad, and the So Ugly You'll Tear Your Eyes Out".
  11. ^ a b c "Windows and GPT FAQ". Microsoft.
  12. ^ "Ubuntu on MacBook". Ubuntu Community Documentation.
  13. ^ Smith, Rod. "GPT fdisk for Linux".
  14. ^ "GNU Parted FAQ".
  15. ^ "mklabel - GNU Parted Manual".
  16. ^ "fdisk: add GPT support". kernel.org. 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  17. ^ Davidlohr Bueso (2013-09-28). "fdisk updates and GPT support". Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  18. ^ "Myths and Facts About Intel Macs". rEFIt.
  19. ^ "Booting From a ZFS Root File System".
  20. ^ "idisk(1M)" (PDF). Hewlett-Packard Co.
  21. ^ Windows 8 32-bit supports booting from UEFI-based PC using GPT-based disks.
  22. ^ Microsoft raises the speed limit with the availability of 64-bit editions of Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP Professional [1]
  23. ^ ftp://download.gigabyte.ru/manual/mb_manual_intel-ui_e.pdf
  24. ^ "F6F: Funtoo Linux and Intel Rapid Start Technology". Blog.adios.tw. 2012-10-30. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
  25. ^ a b The Discoverable Partitions Specification
  26. ^ a b "[dm-crypt] LUKS GPT GUID". Saout.de. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
  27. ^ a b "[dm-crypt] LUKS GPT GUID". Saout.de. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
  28. ^ "CVS log for src/sys/sys/disklabel_gpt.h". Cvsweb.netbsd.org. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
  29. ^ "Disk Format - The Chromium Projects". Chromium.org. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
  30. ^ src/add-ons/kernel/partitioning_systems/gpt/efi_gpt.cpp
  31. ^ http://www.midnightbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/src/sys/sys/gpt.h.diff?r1=1.4;r2=1.5 src/sys/sys/gpt.h
  32. ^ GPT fdisk: parttypes.cc, line 198
  33. ^ Script to set up a ceph disk: ceph-disk, lines 76-81
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