Terra Firma Capital Partners: Difference between revisions
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| BGCL || Utilities || Historical || TFCP II || 2005 || 2006 || €141m |
| BGCL || Utilities || Historical || TFCP II || 2005 || 2006 || €141m |
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| Deutsche Annington (DAIG) || Housing || Current || TFDA || 2000 || |
| Deutsche Annington (DAIG) || Housing || Current || TFDA || 2000 || 2014 || €8,750m |
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| [[EMI]] || Media || Historical || TFCP II/III || 2007 || 2011 || €6,026m |
| [[EMI]] || Media || Historical || TFCP II/III || 2007 || 2011 || €6,026m |
Revision as of 00:25, 4 January 2015
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Company type | Private |
---|---|
Industry | Private equity |
Predecessor | Nomura Principal Finance Group |
Founded | 2002 |
Headquarters | More London, London, UK |
Key people | Guy Hands (Chairman) Tim Pryce (CEO) |
Products | Investments, private equity funds |
Total assets | £4.7 billion |
Number of employees | 100+ |
Website | www.terrafirma.com |
Terra Firma Capital Partners Ltd. (TFCP) is a UK-based private equity firm. Financier Guy Hands founded the firm in 2002 through the spin-off of Nomura Principal Finance Group. The firm, which traces its roots to the formation of its predecessor in 1994, has invested over €14 billion since inception.[1]
Terra Firma invests across a range of sectors and has focused on leveraged buyouts of large, asset-rich businesses, often with complex structural or regulatory issues. The firm often targets under-performing businesses in need of strategic, operational or management change.
Terra Firma is headquartered in London with offices in Frankfurt, Guernsey and Beijing. It has a staff of over 90 employees.
History
Founding and early history (1994-2006)
Terra Firma traces its origins to 1994 when Guy Hands formed Nomura Principal Finance Group, which focused on European private equity investments. Hands joined Nomura after three other banks, including his previous employer Goldman Sachs, turned down his investment plan.[2] At Nomura, Hands and his team completed over $20 billion of leveraged buyouts. By 2000, Hands was reported to have generated profits for the bank in excess of $1.9 billion making him a star financier in London.[3][4][5] The group’s most notable previous acquisitions included Annington Homes, as well as William Hill, the UK bookmaker, and Angel Trains, the UK rolling stock operating company[6]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Terra_Firma_historical_logo.png)
In 2002, with support from Nomura, Hands completed a spin-out of the bank's private equity operations to form Terra Firma, after first contemplating a move to another major financial institution.[7][8] The previous year, there had been reports that Nomura had too much of its capital invested in the Principal Finance Group and that Hands' profile was overshadowing the bank.[2] The existing portfolio of investments that the Principal Finance Group at Nomura held from 1994 through 2002 was transferred to a new fund named Terra Firma Capital Partners I and Terra Firma continued to manage those investments for Nomura. Nomura also provided a cornerstone commitment to Terra Firma's first independent fund, Terra Firma Capital Partners II.[9]
In 2004, Terra Firma completed fundraising for its first private equity fund with over €2 billion in investor commitments.[10] The firm had closed on its first €1 billion of capital by late 2002, only a matter of a few months after launching the firm, but amidst a difficult fundraising environment required more than a year to finish fundraising.[11] Investors in the fund included Wilshire Associates, Partners Group, Horsley Bridge, Adams Street Partners, NIB Capital, Citigroup and Canada Pension Plan.[10] At the time, this represented the largest debut fund for a European private equity firm.[12] The firm had completed its first transaction as an independent firm in mid-2003 with the £315 million acquisition of Waste Recycling Group, the largest operator of landfills in the U.K.[6]
Terra Firma closed its second independent fund, Terra Firma Capital Partners III in June 2007 with approximately €5.4 billion of investor commitments.[13] The closing of the fund coincided with the announcement of the firm's ill-fated investment in EMI just weeks earlier and a high profile attempt to acquire U.K. chemist Alliance Boots, which was ultimately acquired by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co.[13] In raising Terra Firma Capital III, the firm made a strong display of avoiding "club deals", transactions completed alongside other private equity firms. In addition to presenting what was described as unique investment opportunities, Terra Firma was active in providing equity co-investment opportunities to limited partner investors in its funds.[14]
Terra Firma was the first large private equity firm based in the UK to comply with the Walker Guidelines on transparency and disclosure. In April 2008, the firm published its first ever Annual Review,[15] which exceeded the Walker reporting requirements and set a standard for voluntary private equity reporting in the UK.[16]
Terra Firma has endorsed the Institutional Limited Partners Association (ILPA)’s private equity principles[17] and is a signatory to the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment.
EMI Investment (2007-2011)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Emi_building.jpg/150px-Emi_building.jpg)
Terra Firma acquired EMI in a $6.4 billion (£4.7 billion) public-to-private buyout transaction in August 2007.[18][19] It was one of the last large European buyouts completed before the financial crisis. Terra Firma invested in the deal through its TFCP II and TFCP III funds, and also included a number of equity co-investors in the transaction.[20]
Following the transition, several important artists including Radiohead walked away from the label, while other artists such as Paul McCartney left ahead of the takeover.[21] At the same time, The Rolling Stones signed a one-album deal with Interscope Records/Universal Music Group outside of its contract with EMI, which expired on February 2008.[22][23][24] Thirty Seconds to Mars and Joss Stone attempted to leave EMI due to their dissatisfaction with the Terra Firma takeover but EMI threatened legal action against them for breach of contract.[25] Under Terra Firma’s ownership, EMI also signed several significant new acts, including: Tinie Tempah, Eliza Doolittle, David Guetta, Lady Antebellum and Professor Green.
Around the same time, EMI announced restructuring plans to cut between 1,500 and 2,000 jobs[26] and to reduce costs by £200 million a year. As a result, the U.K. chief executive Tony Wadsworth left EMI shortly after the buyout.[26]
By the fall of 2008, the firm's investment in EMI was clearly troubled with a large debt load and weak earnings[27][28] In early 2009, Terra Firma wrote down the value of its investment by €1.37 billion, approximately 46% of its original value.[29][30] However, Terra Firma and Hands personally continued to put new money into the company in order to avoid a default under its loan obligations to lender, Citigroup.[31][32] By 2010, it was reported that Hands had invested between 60% and 70% of his personal net worth in the EMI transaction.[33]
In December 2009, Terra Firma filed a lawsuit against EMI's primary lender Citigroup, claiming the bank engaged in fraud during its auction of the company in 2007.[34] The lawsuit went to trial in New York in late 2010[35] and resulted in a jury finding in favor of Citigroup and against Terra Firma and Guy Hands.[36]
Citigroup took ownership of EMI Group from Terra Firma on February 1, 2011, wiping out the firm's investments and writing off £2.2 billion of debt.[37][38] Terra Firma was reported to have lost $2.5 billion in the EMI transaction, representing roughly one-third of Terra Firma's investor's capital as well as more than 60% of Hands' personal net worth.[36][39]
Post-EMI (Since 2011)
In mid-2011, months after the loss of EMI, Terra Firma began speaking with potential investors about the firm's next fund, Terra Firma Capital Partners IV, targeting to raise upwards of £2.5 billion, which would be roughly half the size of its predecessor which raised £4.8 billion.[40][41] With the exception of EMI, the balance of Terra Firma’s current fund was reportedly performing well, although the fund was still under water[clarification needed].[39][42]
In November 2011, Terra Firma was reported to be in discussions with a sovereign wealth fund about a new capital commitment to allow the firm to continue investing after the end of the investment period of TFCP III. [43]
In March 2012 they bought The Garden Centre Group[44] and July of the same year bought Four Seasons Health Care.[45] In December 2012 the acquisition of Annington Homes completed.[46]
Investments
Between 1994 and 2011, Terra Firma and its predecessor invested approximately €13 billion in equity and completed transactions with an aggregate enterprise value of €44 billion.
Terra Firma is known for its failed investment in British music company EMI, which was later taken over by Citigroup, the main lender in the investment.[47]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/AWAS_airlines.jpg/220px-AWAS_airlines.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/RTR_solar_energy_field_installation.jpg/220px-RTR_solar_energy_field_installation.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/INFINIS.jpg/220px-INFINIS.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Leicester_Square_Odeon.jpg/220px-Leicester_Square_Odeon.jpg)
The firm's early investments, while still a division of Nomura, focused on housing (Annington Homes), leasing companies and pubs. Since 2002, the firm has made major investments in the waste management (Waste Recycling Group), energy (BGCL, East Surrey Holdings, Phoenix Natural Gas, and Infinis), aircraft leasing (AWAS), cinema (Odeon Cinemas/UCI) and music sectors (EMI). TFCP has also made significant investments in German residential housing (Deutsche Annington) and motorway services (Tank & Rast).
More recently, Terra Firma has been an active investor in renewable energy.[48][49] Its investments include Infinis,[50] a leading UK independent pure green energy business, EverPower,[51] a U.S. based wind energy business and RTR,[52] an Italian solar energy business.
Investment Funds
Since founding in 1994, Terra Firma has raised five private equity funds.
- Terra Firma Capital Partners I (TFCP I) was formed in 2002 to house the assets that had been acquired from 1994 through 2002, while the team was still part of Nomura. Nomura was the sole investor in this fund.[53]
- Terra Firma Capital Partners II (TFCP II), the firm's first independent fund, was closed in February 2004 with €2.1 billion of investor commitments. In addition to Nomura, which made a cornerstone investment, the fund raised capital from 65 investors from 21 countries.[53]
- Terra Firma Deutsche Annington (TFDA) was formed in 2006 to house the firm's German housing investments Deutsche Annington (DAIG). The firm raised €2.1 billion of investor commitments from 21 investors.[53]
- Terra Firma Capital Partners III (TFCP III) was closed in May 2007 with €5.4 billion of investor commitments. The fund's limited partnership comprises 159 investors from 26 countries.[53]
- Terra Firma Special Opportunities Fund I (TFSOFI) closed in December 2012 and is a single asset fund raised to acquire Annington Homes from Nomura. TFSOFI raised a total of £470 million from investors around the world, both institutional and private.[53]
In mid-2011, Terra Firma began speaking with potential investors about the firm's next fund, Terra Firma Capital Partners IV. Terra Firma is targeting to raise upwards of £2.5 billion, which would be roughly half the size of its predecessor with raised £4.8 billion.[40][41]
Portfolio companies
The following are among the firm's most notable current and former portfolio companies:
Company | Sector | Status | Fund | Investment year | Exit year | Deal size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phoenix Inns | Pubs | Historical | TFCP I | 1995 | 2001 | €374m |
Angel Trains | Rolling stock operating company | Historical | TFCP I | 1996 | 1999 | €1,035m |
Annington Homes | Housing | Current | TFCP I | 1996 | Present | €2,570m |
AWAS Aviation Capital | Aircraft leasing | Current | TFCP II/III | 2006 | Present | €5,677m |
BGCL | Utilities | Historical | TFCP II | 2005 | 2006 | €141m |
Deutsche Annington (DAIG) | Housing | Current | TFDA | 2000 | 2014 | €8,750m |
EMI | Media | Historical | TFCP II/III | 2007 | 2011 | €6,026m |
First Quench Retailing | Retail | Historical | TCP I | 2000 | 2007 | €357m |
Four Seasons Health Care | Healthcare | Current | TFCP III | 2012 | Present | €1,015m |
Hyder Business Services (HBS) | Outsourcing | Historical | TFCP I | 2000 | 2008 | €150m |
Infinis | waste-to-energy | Current | TFCP II | 2003 | Present | €122m |
Inn Partnership | Pubs | Historical | TFCP I | 1999 | 2002 | €578m |
Inntrepreneur | Pubs | Historical | TFCP I | 1997 | 2005 | €1,914m |
Le Méridien | Hotels | Historical | TFCP I | 2000 | 2005 | €3,485m |
Odeon Cinemas | Cinemas | Current | TFCP II | 2004 | Present | €650m |
Shanks Group plc | Waste management | Historical | TFCP I | 2004 | 2006 | €357m |
Tank & Rast | Motorway services | Current | TFCP II | 2004 | Present | €1,104m |
Thorn Electrical Industries | Consumer goods rental | Historical | TFCP I | 1998 | 2007 | €1,603m |
The Garden Centre Group | Leisure | Current | TFCP III | 2012 | Present | €331m |
Unique Pub Company[54] | Pubs | Historical | TFCP I | 1999 | 2002 | €1,359m |
United Cinemas International | Cinemas | Current | TFCP II | 2004 | Present | €350m |
Voyager Pubs | Pubs | Historical | TFCP I | 2001 | 2004 | €984m |
Waste Recycling Group | Waste management | Historical | TFCP II | 2003 | 2006 | €735m |
William Hill plc[55] | Services - bookmakers | Historical | TFCP I | 1997 | 1999 | €1,104m |
Philanthropy
Terra Firma is a founding member of the Private Equity Foundation, an organisation which aims to invest the capital and expertise of the private equity community into charities to help them achieve their strategic goals.
In 2002, Terra Firma and its employees set up the Terra Firma Charitable Trust, a non-profit charitable fund which aims to make charitable investments that directly benefit the local community in the borough of Southwark.
See also
References
- ^ Terra Firma.
- ^ a b Hands edges toward Nomura exit door. May 7, 2001
- ^ Guy Hands. Financial News, June 14, 2000
- ^ The Man Who Loves Disasters. Business Week, June 5, 2000
- ^ Nomura's guy hands: Dealmaker extraordinaire. Global Finance, November 2001
- ^ a b UK Terra Firma to seal debut deal. AltAssets, Jun 9, 2003
- ^ Hands seen dropping plans for major bank role in new fund. AltAssets, Jul 30, 2001
- ^ COWELL, ALAN. "World Business Briefing | Europe: Britain: Nomura Investor To Open Fund." New York Times, November 10, 2001
- ^ Nomura signs agreement with Guy Hands to invest in Terra Firma. AltAssets, Jan 18, 2002
- ^ a b UK Terra firma announces final close on E2bn. AltAssets, Mar 3, 2004
- ^ Guy Hands’ Terra Firma holds first close on debut independent fund. AltAssets, Nov 1, 2002
- ^ Guy Hands holds second closing for Terra firma fund on E1.7bn. AltAssets, Nov 11, 2003
- ^ a b Terra Firma closes €5.4 billion fund. Private Equity International, Jun 19, 2007
- ^ Battle of the Bands: Citigroup Is Up Next. New York Times, February 6, 2010
- ^ Terra Firma 2007 Annual Review
- ^ Private Equity is Still Not Showing its Hand. The Telegraph, 2007
- ^ ILPA Private Equity Principles. Institutional Limited Partners Association
- ^ EMI Accepts $4.7 Billion Bid From Terra Firma. New York Times, May 21, 2007
- ^ $4.7 Billion Private Equity Buyout Wins Support at EMI. New York Times, May 22, 2007
- ^ Terra Firma Said to Unveil EMI Plans. New York Times, November 13, 2007
- ^ "Profile: British music giant EMI". BBC News. 15 January 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2008.
- ^ "Stones sign one-album record deal". BBC News. 17 January 2008. Retrieved 17 March 2008.
- ^ Jenison, David. "Stones Shine a Light on EMI's Woes". E! Online. Retrieved 17 March 2008.
- ^ "Stones ditching EMI for Universal". BBC News. 25 July 2008. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- ^ Tapper, James (31 May 2009). "Joss Stone to sacrifice £2m to free herself from EMI album deal". Daily Mail. Mail Online. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ^ a b "EMI set to cut up to 2,000 jobs". BBC News. 15 January 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2008.
- ^ EMI’s New Boss Sees Cracks in Music World. New York Times, June 16, 2008
- ^ Guy Hands Sees No Sunshine Ahead. New York Times, November 21, 2008
- ^ Give Guy credit for EMI's Brits success. London Evening Standard. 18 Feb, 2011.
- ^ Terra Firma Writes Off Half of EMI Investment, Report Says. New York Times, March 3, 2009
- ^ Terra Firma Prevents EMI Default on Citi Loans. New York Times, May 14, 2010
- ^ Could Terra Firma Follow In Forstmann Little’s Footsteps?. New York Times, June 16, 2010
- ^ Hands on the Stand: Replaying the EMI Deal. New York Times, October 20, 2010
- ^ Suit Accuses Citigroup of Fraud in EMI Deal. New York Times, December 12, 2009
- ^ Financier And Banker To Face Off On EMI Sale. New York Times, October 14, 2010
- ^ a b Citigroup Is Cleared of Fraud in EMI Sale, a Setback for British Financier Guy Hands. New York Times, November 5, 2010
- ^ Citigroup wrestles EMI from Guy Hands' grasp, The Guardian Feb 1, 2011
- ^ 4:21 PM (2011-02-01). "EMI announces successful capital restructuring, and change of ownership". EMI Music. Retrieved 2011-11-16.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Guy Hands Offers EMI Post-Mortem. New York Times, February 22, 2011
- ^ a b Terra Firma's Guy Hands searches for £2.5bn investment. The Telegraph, Jul 3, 2011
- ^ a b Terra Firma targets €3bn fund, says Hands. AltAssets, August 22, 2011
- ^ Former Citi Buyout Banker Heads to Terra Firma. New York Times, June 6, 2011
- ^ Terra Firma seeks €1bn sovereign fund pool. Financial Times, November 24, 2011
- ^ http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/30d83890-771f-11e1-baf3-00144feab49a.html#axzz1xAlhIQEt
- ^ Terra Firma to buy Four Seasons for £825m. Financial Times, April 30, 2012
- ^ Guy Hands set for £3.5bn Army housing deal. Financial Times, November 16, 2012
- ^ EMI taken over by Citigroup in deal to write off debts - BBC News article
- ^ Bloomberg New Energy Finance Report. Bloomberg, 2011
- ^ Bloomberg New Energy Finance Names Top Clean Energy Investors. Bloomberg.com, 2010
- ^ Terra Firma mulls sale of green energy developer Infinis
- ^ Terra Firma buys Everpower Wind
- ^ Terra Firma Buys Italian Solar Company
- ^ a b c d e Terra Firma: Investor Relations (company website), Accessed November 29, 2011
- ^ Nomura plots Unique pubs sale. The Telegraph, Jul 1, 2001
- ^ Nomura placates investors as William Hill float is scrapped. The Independent, February 22, 1999
Further reading
- Joshua R. Wueller, Mergers of Majors: Applying the Failing Firm Doctrine in the Recorded Music Industry, 7 Brook. J. Corp. Fin. & Com. L. 589, 597–604 (2013) (describing Terra Firma's purchase of EMI, Citigroup's seizure of the company, and the subsequent breakup, sale, and antitrust scrutiny surrounding the music company).
External links
- Terra Firma Capital Partners (company website)