Killing of Tamir Rice: Difference between revisions
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In a [[9-1-1]] call, a caller, who was sitting in a nearby gazebo, reported that someone, possibly a juvenile, was pointing "a pistol" at random people in the Cudell Recreation Center. The caller said the gun was "probably fake," but was unable to identify if the weapon was real or not. (It was determined later that the orange barrel markings used to identify toy weapons had been removed.)<ref name="Cleveland police officer shot Tamir Rice immediately after leaving moving patrol car">{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2014/11/cleveland_police_officer_shot_1.html|title=Cleveland police officer shot Tamir Rice immediately after leaving moving patrol car|work=cleveland.com}}</ref> According to police spokesmen, it was initially unclear if that information was relayed to the dispatched officers, Loehmann and Garmback, and it was later revealed that the dispatcher did not elaborate beyond referencing "a gun."<ref name=Fitzsimmons/><ref name="Video Shows Cleveland Cop Shoot 12-Year-Old Tamir Rice Within Seconds">{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/video-shows-cleveland-cop-shoot-12-year-old-tamir-rice-n256656|title=Video Shows Cleveland Cop Shoot 12-Year-Old Tamir Rice Within Seconds|work=NBC News}}</ref> The 9-1-1 responder twice asked whether the boy was black or white<ref>{{cite news|title=12-year-old boy playing with fake gun dies after being shot by Ohio police|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/cleveland-police-shooting-boy-with-fake-gun-dies-after-being-shot-by-ohio-officer-9878700.html}}</ref> before dispatching officers to the park at around 3:30 p.m.<ref name="Cleveland police officer shot Tamir Rice immediately after leaving moving patrol car"/> The caller then left the gazebo, and Rice sat down in it sometime later.<ref name="Video Shows Cleveland Cop Shoot 12-Year-Old Tamir Rice Within Seconds"/> |
In a [[9-1-1]] call, a caller, who was sitting in a nearby gazebo, reported that someone, possibly a juvenile, was pointing "a pistol" at random people in the Cudell Recreation Center. The caller said the gun was "probably fake," but was unable to identify if the weapon was real or not. (It was determined later that the orange barrel markings used to identify toy weapons had been removed.)<ref name="Cleveland police officer shot Tamir Rice immediately after leaving moving patrol car">{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2014/11/cleveland_police_officer_shot_1.html|title=Cleveland police officer shot Tamir Rice immediately after leaving moving patrol car|work=cleveland.com}}</ref> According to police spokesmen, it was initially unclear if that information was relayed to the dispatched officers, Loehmann and Garmback, and it was later revealed that the dispatcher did not elaborate beyond referencing "a gun."<ref name=Fitzsimmons/><ref name="Video Shows Cleveland Cop Shoot 12-Year-Old Tamir Rice Within Seconds">{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/video-shows-cleveland-cop-shoot-12-year-old-tamir-rice-n256656|title=Video Shows Cleveland Cop Shoot 12-Year-Old Tamir Rice Within Seconds|work=NBC News}}</ref> The 9-1-1 responder twice asked whether the boy was black or white<ref>{{cite news|title=12-year-old boy playing with fake gun dies after being shot by Ohio police|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/cleveland-police-shooting-boy-with-fake-gun-dies-after-being-shot-by-ohio-officer-9878700.html}}</ref> before dispatching officers to the park at around 3:30 p.m.<ref name="Cleveland police officer shot Tamir Rice immediately after leaving moving patrol car"/> The caller then left the gazebo, and Rice sat down in it sometime later.<ref name="Video Shows Cleveland Cop Shoot 12-Year-Old Tamir Rice Within Seconds"/> |
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According to Loehmann and Garmback, the officers arrived at the park |
According to Loehmann and Garmback, the officers arrived at the park, approached Rice and ordered him to hold up his hands at which point Rice reached in his waistband and one of the officers fired two shots, fatally hitting Rice once in the torso. The entire incident happened in less than two seconds.<ref name="Tamir Rice shooting video shows cop shot him within 2 seconds">[http://www.newsday.com/news/nation/tamir-rice-shooting-video-shows-cop-shot-him-within-2-seconds-1.9658313 "Tamir Rice shooting video shows cop shot him within 2 seconds"]</ref> The officers later found that the gun was an [[Airsoft gun]], which are air gun replicas of real guns and can shoot [[Airsoft#Safety|non-lethal]] plastic, ceramic, or metallic [[Airsoft pellets|pellets]], which had had its orange safety tip removed. Deputy Chief Tomba stated that Rice did not threaten or point the toy gun at Loehmann and Garmback.<ref name="Fitzsimmons"/><ref name="BBC24"/><ref name="Family of 12-year-old black boy shot and killed by white police officer for holding a toy gun plead with supporters to stay peaceful amid fears of more violent protests">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2852119/Family-12-year-old-black-boy-shot-killed-white-police-officer-holding-toy-gun-plead-supporters-stay-peaceful-amid-fears-violent-protests.html|title=Tamir Rice's family plead with supporters to stay peaceful amid fears of more violent protests - Daily Mail Online|work=Mail Online}}</ref> Rice died the day after the shooting at [[MetroHealth|MetroHealth Medical Center]]. The medical examiner clarified the cause of death as being a gunshot wound to the torso, with injuries to major vessels, intestines, and the pelvis.<ref name="MacDonald" /> The Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner's Office autopsy says Tamir was {{convert|5|ft|7|in}} and weighed {{convert|195|lb|kg}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wkyc.com/story/news/local/cleveland/2014/12/12/tamir-rice-autopsy-report-released/20300691/|title=Tamir Rice autopsy report released|author=WKYC Staff, WKYC|date=12 December 2014|work=WKYC}}</ref> |
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A surveillance video without audio of the shooting was released by police on November 26 after pressure from the public and Rice's family.<ref name="Protests break out in Cleveland over Tamir Rice shooting, Ferguson grand jury decision">{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2014/11/protests_break_out_in_cleveland.html|title=Protests break out in Cleveland over Tamir Rice shooting, Ferguson grand jury decision|work=cleveland.com}}</ref> It showed Rice pacing around the park, occasionally extending his right arm with what |
A surveillance video without audio of the shooting was released by police on November 26 after pressure from the public and Rice's family.<ref name="Protests break out in Cleveland over Tamir Rice shooting, Ferguson grand jury decision">{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2014/11/protests_break_out_in_cleveland.html|title=Protests break out in Cleveland over Tamir Rice shooting, Ferguson grand jury decision|work=cleveland.com}}</ref> It showed Rice pacing around the park, occasionally extending his right arm with what could be a gun in his hand, talking on a cellphone, and sitting at a picnic table in a gazebo. The video shows the officers' patrol car pulling up beside the gazebo. Rice then appears to move his right hand toward his waist. Loehmann then gets out of the [[Police car|patrol car]] and shoots him from a distance of less than {{convert|10|ft|m}}.<ref name="Cleveland police officer shot Tamir Rice immediately after leaving moving patrol car"/><ref name="Video Shows Cleveland Cop Shoot 12-Year-Old Tamir Rice Within Seconds"/><ref name="Video: Cop shot boy seconds after encountering him">{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/cleveland-release-video-boy-shot-officer-110012912.html|title=Video: Cop shot boy seconds after encountering him|date=26 November 2014|work=Yahoo News}}</ref> |
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Neither Loehmann |
Neither Loehmann nor Garmback administered any first aid to Rice after the shooting.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/11/cops-who-shot-tamir-rice-didnt-give-first-aid.html| author=Caroline Bankoff| title=Cops Who Shot Tamir Rice Didn't Bother to Give Him First Aid| publisher=New York Magazine| date=November 29, 2014}}</ref> Almost four minutes later, a police detective and an agent from the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]], the latter of whom was working a [[bank robbery]] detail nearby, arrived on the scene and treated Rice. Three minutes after that, paramedics arrived and took Rice to MetroHealth Medical Center.<ref name="Police Who Shot 12-Year-Old Tamir Rice Did Not Give Him First Aid">{{cite web|url=http://talkingpointsmemo.com/livewire/police-tamir-rice-no-first-aid|title=Police Who Shot 12-Year-Old Tamir Rice Did Not Give Him First Aid|work=TPM}}</ref><ref name="12-Year-Old Boy's Fatal Shooting By Cops Could Have Been Avoided: Family">{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/27/12-year-old-boys-fatal-shooting_n_6231666.html?ir=Crime|title=12-Year-Old Boy's Fatal Shooting By Cops Could Have Been Avoided: Family|work=The Huffington Post}}</ref><ref name="Video shows Cleveland officer shooting 12-year-old Tamir Rice within seconds">{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/11/26/officials-release-video-names-in-fatal-police-shooting-of-12-year-old-cleveland-boy/|title=Video shows Cleveland officer shooting 12-year-old Tamir Rice within seconds|work=Washington Post}}</ref> |
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Rice's mother said that the toy gun had been given to him to play with by a friend minutes before the police arrived, that police tackled and put her 14-year-old daughter in handcuffs after the incident, and that police threatened her with arrest if she did not calm down after being told about her son's shooting.<ref>{{cite web|title=Family of Boy Killed by Cleveland Officer to Pursue Criminal Case|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/09/us/family-of-boy-killed-by-cleveland-officer-to-pursue-criminal-case.html|publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=9 December 2014}}</ref> |
Rice's mother said that the toy gun had been given to him to play with by a friend minutes before the police arrived, that police tackled and put her 14-year-old daughter in handcuffs after the incident, and that police threatened her with arrest if she did not calm down after being told about her son's shooting.<ref>{{cite web|title=Family of Boy Killed by Cleveland Officer to Pursue Criminal Case|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/09/us/family-of-boy-killed-by-cleveland-officer-to-pursue-criminal-case.html|publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=9 December 2014}}</ref> |
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A video obtained by the Northeast Ohio Media Group, released on January 7, 2015, shows Rice's 14-year-old sister being forced to the ground, handcuffed |
A video obtained by the Northeast Ohio Media Group, released on January 7, 2015, shows Rice's 14-year-old sister being forced to the ground, handcuffed and placed in a patrol car after she ran toward Rice following the shooting. It also shows that police waited for four minutes before providing any first aid to Rice.<ref name=HuffPo.newVideo>{{cite web|last1=McCormack|first1=Simon|title=New Video Of Tamir Rice Shooting Shows Police Arresting Sister, Delaying First Aid|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/08/new-video-tamir-rice_n_6436040.html|publisher=The Huffington Post}}</ref> |
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==Police officers involved== |
==Police officers involved== |
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Revision as of 18:38, 21 May 2015
 A photograph of Tamir Rice | |
| Date | November 22, 2014 |
|---|---|
| Time | c. 3:30 p.m. |
| Location | Cudell Recreation Center, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States |
| Coordinates | 41°28′45″N 81°45′09″W / 41.479083°N 81.752365°W |
| Filmed by | Surveillance video |
| Participants | Tamir Rice (fatality) Timothy Loehmann and Frank Garmback (police officers) |
| Deaths | Tamir Rice (November 23, 2014) |
| Burial | December 3, 2014 |
| Inquiries | Active investigation |
| Litigation | Lawsuit filed by Rice's family against the two officers and the City of Cleveland |
The shooting of Tamir Rice, a 12-year-old African American boy, occurred on November 22, 2014, in Cleveland, Ohio. Two police officers, 26-year-old Timothy Loehmann and 46-year-old Frank Garmback, responded after receiving a police dispatch call "of a male sitting on a swing and pointing a gun at people" in a city park.[1][2][3] A caller reported that a male was pointing "a pistol" at random people in the Cudell Recreation Center. Toward the end of the 2 minute call, the caller stated "he is probably a juvenile."[4] The officers reported that upon their arrival, Rice reached towards a gun in his waistband. Loehmann fired two shots within two seconds of arriving on the scene, hitting Rice once in the torso.[2][5]
Rice's gun was later found to be an Airsoft replica, though lacking the orange safety feature signifying that the gun is not real.[6][7] Rice died on the day after the shooting.[8]
In the aftermath of the shooting, it was reported that Loehmann, in his previous job as a policeman in Independence, Ohio, had been deemed an emotionally unstable recruit and unfit for duty.[9]
The incident received national and international coverage, in part due to the time of its occurrence, coming shortly after the recent police shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri; the death of Eric Garner in Staten Island, New York; the police shooting of Akai Gurley in Brooklyn, New York just two days before; the shooting of John Crawford III in Dayton, Ohio; and the subsequent unrest following these incidents had attracted worldwide attention.
The shooting
In a 9-1-1 call, a caller, who was sitting in a nearby gazebo, reported that someone, possibly a juvenile, was pointing "a pistol" at random people in the Cudell Recreation Center. The caller said the gun was "probably fake," but was unable to identify if the weapon was real or not. (It was determined later that the orange barrel markings used to identify toy weapons had been removed.)[10] According to police spokesmen, it was initially unclear if that information was relayed to the dispatched officers, Loehmann and Garmback, and it was later revealed that the dispatcher did not elaborate beyond referencing "a gun."[6][11] The 9-1-1 responder twice asked whether the boy was black or white[12] before dispatching officers to the park at around 3:30 p.m.[10] The caller then left the gazebo, and Rice sat down in it sometime later.[11]
According to Loehmann and Garmback, the officers arrived at the park, approached Rice and ordered him to hold up his hands at which point Rice reached in his waistband and one of the officers fired two shots, fatally hitting Rice once in the torso. The entire incident happened in less than two seconds.[13] The officers later found that the gun was an Airsoft gun, which are air gun replicas of real guns and can shoot non-lethal plastic, ceramic, or metallic pellets, which had had its orange safety tip removed. Deputy Chief Tomba stated that Rice did not threaten or point the toy gun at Loehmann and Garmback.[6][7][14] Rice died the day after the shooting at MetroHealth Medical Center. The medical examiner clarified the cause of death as being a gunshot wound to the torso, with injuries to major vessels, intestines, and the pelvis.[8] The Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner's Office autopsy says Tamir was 5 feet 7 inches (1.70 m) and weighed 195 pounds (88 kg).[15]
A surveillance video without audio of the shooting was released by police on November 26 after pressure from the public and Rice's family.[16] It showed Rice pacing around the park, occasionally extending his right arm with what could be a gun in his hand, talking on a cellphone, and sitting at a picnic table in a gazebo. The video shows the officers' patrol car pulling up beside the gazebo. Rice then appears to move his right hand toward his waist. Loehmann then gets out of the patrol car and shoots him from a distance of less than 10 feet (3.0 m).[10][11][17]
Neither Loehmann nor Garmback administered any first aid to Rice after the shooting.[18] Almost four minutes later, a police detective and an agent from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the latter of whom was working a bank robbery detail nearby, arrived on the scene and treated Rice. Three minutes after that, paramedics arrived and took Rice to MetroHealth Medical Center.[19][20][21]
Rice's mother said that the toy gun had been given to him to play with by a friend minutes before the police arrived, that police tackled and put her 14-year-old daughter in handcuffs after the incident, and that police threatened her with arrest if she did not calm down after being told about her son's shooting.[22]
A video obtained by the Northeast Ohio Media Group, released on January 7, 2015, shows Rice's 14-year-old sister being forced to the ground, handcuffed and placed in a patrol car after she ran toward Rice following the shooting. It also shows that police waited for four minutes before providing any first aid to Rice.[23]
Police officers involved
In the aftermath of the shooting, media outlets reported on the background of the police officers involved.
Timothy Loehmann
Loehmann, who fired the shots that killed Rice, joined Cleveland's police force in March 2014. In 2012, he had spent five months with the police department in Independence, about 13 miles (21 km) south of Cleveland, with four of those months spent in the police academy.
In a memo to Independence's human resources manager, released by the city in the aftermath of the shooting, Independence deputy police chief Jim Polak wrote that Loehmann had resigned rather than face certain termination due to concerns that he lacked the emotional stability to be a police officer. Polak said that Loehmann was unable to follow "basic functions as instructed". He specifically cited a "dangerous loss of composure" that occurred in a weapons training exercise, during which Loehmann's weapons handling was "dismal" and he became visibly "distracted and weepy" as a result of relationship problems. The memo concluded, "Individually, these events would not be considered major situations, but when taken together they show a pattern of a lack of maturity, indiscretion and not following instructions, I do not believe time, nor training, will be able to change or correct these deficiencies." It was subsequently revealed that Cleveland police officials never reviewed Loehmann's personnel file from Independence prior to hiring him.[9][24]
Frank Garmback
Garmback, who was driving the police cruiser, has been a police officer in Cleveland since 2008. In 2014, the City of Cleveland paid US$100,000 to settle an excessive force lawsuit brought against him by a local woman; according to her lawsuit, Garmback "rushed and placed her in a chokehold, tackled her to the ground, twisted her wrist and began hitting her body" and "such reckless, wanton and willful excessive use of force proximately caused bodily injury". The woman had called the police to report a car blocking her driveway.[25] The settlement does not appear in Garmback's personnel file.[26]
Aftermath
Investigation
The Cleveland Police Department received statements from both Loehmann and Garmback. They announced they were looking for additional witnesses to the shooting, including a man who was recorded walking with Rice in the park before the shooting. Their results will be presented to a grand jury for possible charges.[21]
On January 1, 2015, the Associated Press reported that Cleveland police department officials were looking for an outside agency to investigate the Rice shooting, as well as handle all future investigations related to deadly use-of-force incidents.[27]
On May 15, 2015, Mother Jones magazine reported that, six months after the shooting, while the sheriff's department announced that it had almost concluded its investigation of the shooting, neither of the two officers involved had yet been interviewed by investigators from the Cuyahoga County sheriff's department. It also reported that as of this time Frank Garmback, the officer who drove the police car, was not under criminal investigation.[28]
Legal proceedings
On November 24, 2014, Cleveland officials announced that a grand jury would hear the case to decide whether either Loehmann or Garmback will be indicted with charges relating to Rice's death.[29][11] Both officers involved in the shooting were placed on administrative leave.[30]
On December 5, 2014, Rice's family filed a wrongful death claim against Loehmann, Garmback, and the City of Cleveland in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio. The eight-page claim accused Loehmann and Garmback of acting "unreasonably, negligently [and] recklessly" and that "[h]ad the defendant officers properly approached Tamir and properly investigated his possession of the replica gun they would undoubtedly have determined ... that the gun was fake and that the subject was a juvenile". It also accused the City of Cleveland for failing to properly train both officers, as well as failing to learn about the Independence police department's internal memo about Loehmann.[31][32][33]
Protests
In the wake of the shooting, protests and public outcry broke out in Cleveland, although they were relatively minor. However, on November 25, 2014, a day after a grand jury decision to not indict the police officer who fatally shot Michael Brown, the Cleveland protests became more prominent. That day, about 200 protesters marched from Public Square to the Cleveland Memorial Shoreway, causing the latter to be shut down temporarily.[16][21] Rice's family pleaded with the protesters to remain peaceful in their activities, saying, "Again, we ask for the community to remain calm. Please protest peacefully and responsibly."[14]
On December 5, Ohio Governor John Kasich established a task force to address community-police relations in response to Rice's shooting and other similar incidents.[34]
Media coverage
The Northeast Ohio Media Group was criticized for publishing a news story on Rice's parents' criminal records.[35][36]
A political cartoon by Matt Bors shows Rice being instructed on how not to be shot by police when holding a gun, by wearing a "Don't Tread on Me" T-shirt, a camouflage hat, and by turning white.[37]
Funeral service
A funeral service for Tamir Rice was held at the Mount Sinai Baptist Church on December 3, 2014, with about 250 people in attendance. He was remembered "for his budding talents and described [him] as a popular child who liked to draw, play basketball and perform in the school's drum line." Family members criticized Loehmann for acting too quickly in Rice's shooting.[38][39]
Litigation
Rice's family filed a lawsuit against the city of Cleveland, Loehmann, Garmback, and 100 unnamed 911 operators, other officers and city employees, alleging that they violated their rights in the shooting incident. A U.S. District Court will hold a hearing in June 2015 to decide whether to delay the lawsuit while the criminal investigation is still pending.[40]
See also
- Shooting of Andy Lopez
- Shooting of Michael Brown
- Shooting of John Crawford III
- Shooting of Ezell Ford
- Death of Eric Garner
References
- ^ "Tamir Rice Shooting - Cleveland Police Dispatch Radio". YouTube. 24 November 2014.
- ^ a b Izadi, Elahe; Holley, Peter (26 November 2014). "Video shows Cleveland officer shooting 12-year-old Tamir Rice within seconds". Washington Post. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
- ^ Tom McCarthy in New York, Tamir Rice: video shows boy, 12, shot 'seconds' after police confronted child guardian.com. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
- ^ "Tamir Rice Shooting: Tamir Rice Shooting 911 Call Released By Cleveland Police Tamir Rice Video". YouTube. 26 November 2014.
- ^ Ferrell, Nikki (26 November 2014). "Cleveland Police name Timothy Loehmann, officer who shot Tamir Rice, 12, on west side". Scripps TV Station Group. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
- ^ a b c Fitzsimmons, Emma (23 November 2014). "12-Year-Old Boy Dies After Police in Cleveland Shoot Him". New York Times. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ a b "Tamir Rice: US police kill boy, 12, carrying replica gun". BBC. 24 November 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ a b MacDonald, Evan (24 November 2014). "Cause of death released for 12-year-old boy shot by Cleveland police". Retrieved 26 November 2014.
- ^ a b Mai-Duc, Christine. "Cleveland officer who killed Tamir Rice had been deemed unfit for duty". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ^ a b c "Cleveland police officer shot Tamir Rice immediately after leaving moving patrol car". cleveland.com.
- ^ a b c d "Video Shows Cleveland Cop Shoot 12-Year-Old Tamir Rice Within Seconds". NBC News.
- ^ "12-year-old boy playing with fake gun dies after being shot by Ohio police".
- ^ "Tamir Rice shooting video shows cop shot him within 2 seconds"
- ^ a b "Tamir Rice's family plead with supporters to stay peaceful amid fears of more violent protests - Daily Mail Online". Mail Online.
- ^ WKYC Staff, WKYC (12 December 2014). "Tamir Rice autopsy report released". WKYC.
- ^ a b "Protests break out in Cleveland over Tamir Rice shooting, Ferguson grand jury decision". cleveland.com.
- ^ "Video: Cop shot boy seconds after encountering him". Yahoo News. 26 November 2014.
- ^ Caroline Bankoff (November 29, 2014). "Cops Who Shot Tamir Rice Didn't Bother to Give Him First Aid". New York Magazine.
- ^ "Police Who Shot 12-Year-Old Tamir Rice Did Not Give Him First Aid". TPM.
- ^ "12-Year-Old Boy's Fatal Shooting By Cops Could Have Been Avoided: Family". The Huffington Post.
- ^ a b c "Video shows Cleveland officer shooting 12-year-old Tamir Rice within seconds". Washington Post.
- ^ "Family of Boy Killed by Cleveland Officer to Pursue Criminal Case". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
- ^ McCormack, Simon. "New Video Of Tamir Rice Shooting Shows Police Arresting Sister, Delaying First Aid". The Huffington Post.
- ^ "Cleveland officer who fatally shot Tamir Rice judged unfit for duty in 2012". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ^ "Cleveland paid out $100,000 to woman involving excessive force lawsuit against officer in Tamir Rice shooting". Cleveland.com. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ^ "Justice Department's scathing review; another excessive force lawsuit". Cleveland.com. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ^ "Cleveland Seeks Outside Probe In Tamir Rice Shooting". Associated Press. January 1, 2015. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
- ^ Lee, Jaeah. "It's Been 6 Months Since Tamir Rice Died, and the Cop Who Killed Him Still Hasn't Been Questioned". MotherJones.com. Mother Jones and the Foundation for National Progres. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
- ^ "Grand Jury Will Hear Case of Tamir Rice, 12-Year-Old Killed by Cop". NBC News. 24 November 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ "Family of Tamir Rice, 12-year-old Cleveland boy fatally shot by police, question cops' training, call death avoidable"
- ^ "Family of Tamir Rice, 12-Year-Old Shot By Cop, Files Wrongful Death Suit". NBC News.
- ^ "Tamir Rice's family files wrongful death suit against Cleveland police officers - fox8.com". fox8.com.
- ^ "Tamir Rice's family files wrongful death lawsuit after fatal shooting of 12-year-old in Cleveland". Washington Post.
- ^ "Kasich police commission Ferguson Beavercreek". daytondailynews.com.
- ^ Daniel Politi (November 28, 2014). "Cleveland Paper Thinks You Should Know Tamir Rice's Father Has Abused Women". Slate.
- ^ Nick Wing (November 26, 2014). "Police Gunned Down A 12-Year-Old And Somehow Local News Decided To Run This Story". Huffington Post.
- ^ Matt Bors (November 25, 2014). "Play Safe!". Truthout. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
- ^ http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/tamir-rice-family-blasts-police-boy-cleveland-funeral-article-1.2032033 "Tamir Rice's family blasts police at boy’s Cleveland funeral"]
- ^ "Tears at Funeral for Cleveland Boy Tamir Rice Shot by Cop". NBC News. 3 December 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ "Judge to consider delaying lawsuit against cops who shot Tamir Rice". NBC (WKYC). Retrieved 20 May 2015.