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==Passengers involved in the defense==
==Passengers involved in the defense==
*'''Damien A.''', a 28-year-old French man working as a banker.<ref name="Telegraph23Aug15DB"/> The first passenger to tackle the gunman, he wishes to remain anonymous.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11819824/France-train-attack-Mark-Moogalian-named-as-French-hero-who-foiled-attack-by-Moroccan-terrorist-Ayoub-El-Khazzani-live.html |title=French hero's wife: 'He looked at me and said, ‘I’m hit.‘ He thought he was going to die' - live |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |author=Raziye Akkoc |date=24 August 2015 |accessdate=24 August 2015 |quote=The 28-year-old French banker known only as "Damien A" was the first person to tackle the gunman, but does not want to be named}}</ref>
*'''Damien A.''', a 28-year-old Frenchman working as a banker.<ref name="Telegraph23Aug15DB"/> The first passenger to tackle the gunman, he wishes to remain anonymous.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11819824/France-train-attack-Mark-Moogalian-named-as-French-hero-who-foiled-attack-by-Moroccan-terrorist-Ayoub-El-Khazzani-live.html |title=French hero's wife: 'He looked at me and said, ‘I’m hit.‘ He thought he was going to die' - live |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |author=Raziye Akkoc |date=24 August 2015 |accessdate=24 August 2015 |quote=The 28-year-old French banker known only as "Damien A" was the first person to tackle the gunman, but does not want to be named}}</ref>
*'''Jean-Hugues Anglade''', a 60 year old French man who is an actor. He received a hand injury as a result of breaking glass. Ironically<ref>http://www.lesoir.be/968815/article/actualite/france/2015-08-21/l-acteur-jean-hugues-anglade-blesse-dans-l-attaque-du-thalys</ref>, he was the starring actor in the film [[The Wounded Man (film)|The Wounded Man]].<ref>http://www.lesoir.be/968815/article/actualite/france/2015-08-21/l-acteur-jean-hugues-anglade-blesse-dans-l-attaque-du-thalys</ref>
*'''Mark Moogalian''', a 51-year-old French-American man<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/5th-paris-train-hero-id-french-american-professor-article-1.2335351|title=3 Americans and Brit honored in France as 5th train hero is identified as French-American professor|work=The New York Daily News|date=26 August 2015|accessdate=26 August 2015|first=Meg|last=Wagner|first2=Leonard|last2=Greene}}</ref> and a scholar at the [[Sorbonne]].<ref name="Telegraph23Aug15DB" /> He wrestled the rifle away from the gunman.<ref name="Yahoo.Ready"/><ref name="Telegraph23Aug15DB" /><ref name="guard"/><ref name="telegraph foil live"/><ref name=":0"/> He sustained a gunshot wound to the neck, resulting in his surgery in [[Lille]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/24/europe/france-train-shooting/index.html|title=Train heroes 'gave us an example of what is possible,' says French President|work=CNN|date=25 August 2015|accessdate=25 August 2015|first=Ralph|last=Ellis|first2=Faith|last2=Karimi|first3=Ashley|last3=Fantz|first4=Nic|last4=Robertson}}</ref>
*'''Mark Moogalian''', a 51-year-old French-American man<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/5th-paris-train-hero-id-french-american-professor-article-1.2335351|title=3 Americans and Brit honored in France as 5th train hero is identified as French-American professor|work=The New York Daily News|date=26 August 2015|accessdate=26 August 2015|first=Meg|last=Wagner|first2=Leonard|last2=Greene}}</ref> and a scholar at the [[Sorbonne]].<ref name="Telegraph23Aug15DB" /> He wrestled the rifle away from the gunman.<ref name="Yahoo.Ready"/><ref name="Telegraph23Aug15DB" /><ref name="guard"/><ref name="telegraph foil live"/><ref name=":0"/> He sustained a gunshot wound to the neck, resulting in his surgery in [[Lille]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/24/europe/france-train-shooting/index.html|title=Train heroes 'gave us an example of what is possible,' says French President|work=CNN|date=25 August 2015|accessdate=25 August 2015|first=Ralph|last=Ellis|first2=Faith|last2=Karimi|first3=Ashley|last3=Fantz|first4=Nic|last4=Robertson}}</ref>
*'''Chris Norman''', a 62-year-old British businessman.<ref name="auto6"/>
*'''Chris Norman''', a 62-year-old British businessman.<ref name="auto6"/>

Revision as of 20:42, 27 August 2015

2015 Thalys attack
Photograph of a Thalys train
The attack took place on a Thalys train similar to this one.
LocationOn board Thalys train n°9364 in Oignies, Pas-de-Calais, France.
Date21 August 2015 (2015-08-21)
17:45 (CEST)
Attack type
Attempted mass shooting
Weapons
Deaths0
Injured5 (4 directly, including the perpetrator)
DefendersDamien A., Mark Moogalian, Spencer Stone, Anthony Sadler, Alek Skarlatos, and Chris Norman

The 2015 Thalys attack was an attempted mass shooting that took place on 21 August 2015 on a Thalys train passing through Oignies, Pas-de-Calais, France.[6][7] The train was traveling from Amsterdam to Paris via Brussels when the perpetrator opened fire in a train carriage before being subdued by passengers. Including the assailant, five people were injured, none fatally.[8] The incident is believed by French police to be an Islamist terrorist attack, although the gunman claimed the motivation was robbery due to hunger.[9][10] Four people[who?] who subdued the attacker have received a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur, while two others will receive this award at a later date.

Attack

Map of main Thalys connections

At approximately 17:45 (5:45 p.m.) on 21 August, on Thalys train 9364[11] traveling from Amsterdam to Paris, a 26-year-old Moroccan man, reportedly identified as Ayoub El-Kahzzani,[5][12][13][14][15] was exiting the toilets on train car No. 12, reportedly as soon as the train passed the border into France.[16] He was shirtless[17] and armed with an AKM assault rifle,[2] for which he had nine magazines and a total of 270 rounds of ammunition. He was also carrying a bottle of petrol.[4][15][18]

A 28-year-old French banker, only known as "Damien A.", was heading to the toilet as the armed gunman was exiting.[12] Damien A. attempted to restrain or disarm the gunman but in the ensuing struggle lost his balance and fell to the floor. A French and American academic professor working at the Sorbonne, 51-year-old Mark Moogalian,[12] then attempted to wrest the rifle from the gunman, who then drew an automatic 9mm Luger pistol.[1][2][19] Moogalian was shot through the back of the neck; critically injured, he played dead.[12][14][20][21][22] According to Agnès Ogier, the director of Thalys, another bullet grazed the train's conductor.[16] The assailant also tried to shoot his rifle, but it jammed.[14]

The gunman was then tackled and subdued by a group of three American friends, two of them off-duty members of the U.S. Armed Forces.[20][23][24] They were identified as 23-year-old United States Air Force Airman First Class Spencer Stone of the 65th Air Base Group;[25] 23-year-old Sacramento State senior Anthony Sadler;[26][27] and Alek Skarlatos, a 22-year-old Oregon Army National Guard Specialist on holiday after deployment in Afghanistan.[19][28][29][30] Sadler told CNN that when the gunman opened fire, Skarlatos yelled "Get him!" after which "Spencer immediately gets up to charge the guy, followed by Alek, then myself."[11] In an interview with Sky News, Skarlatos added that they had been lucky that the attacker's rifle had jammed.[31]

Stone was reportedly the first one to attack the gunman and was slashed multiple times while trying to subdue him, sustaining injuries at the head and neck. Stone put him in the chokehold, holding on though the assailant was cutting him with a box cutter, nearly severing his thumb.[3] Skarlatos seized the assailant's rifle[16] and beat him in the head with the muzzle of it until he was unconscious.[32] A British passenger, 62-year-old businessman Chris Norman,[33] and an unidentified Frenchman[34] came to their aid to hold the gunman down. They used Norman's T-shirt to tie his arms behind his back.[13]

They then helped Moogalian, who was losing a lot of blood through his gunshot wound.[21] Stone initially tried to wrap his shirt around the wound, despite having an injured hand and cut eye. However, he realized it was not going to work and instead stuck two of his fingers down Moogalian's wound, found the carotid artery, and pushed down, which stopped the bleeding.[35]

A video made with a cellphone shows the alleged perpetrator immobile, lying hogtied on the floor of the train, and blood visible on the windows and seats.[11]

As the attack took place, the train, which was carrying 554 passengers,[8] was passing Oignies in the Pas-de-Calais department.[36] It was rerouted to the station of nearby Arras. Moogalian was airlifted to the University Hospital in Lille, while Stone later underwent surgery on his injured hand.[9]

Account of Jean-Hugues Anglade

Jean-Hugues Anglade, a French actor traveling with his partner and children in the No. 11 car (the last car before the rear engine), was critical of the train crew for locking themselves in the engine car and not coming to the aid of passengers. Anglade told Paris Match that they heard gunshots and screaming in the next car, after which several crew members rushed past them to the engine car, opened it with a special key and locked themselves inside. Anglade, who cut his hand when he broke the glass to trigger the alarm, said he saw the gunman through the door between the cars. He described feeling that they were all going to die, and said:[37]

It was impossible to escape from this nightmare. We were trapped in a mousetrap! It's a terrifying feeling of helplessness.

Anglade stated that the dozen passengers in his car were pressed against the engine car door, banging on it and begging the crew to open it:

We shouted for staff to let us in, we were yelling, 'Open up!' in vain.... Nobody responded to us. Not a squeak. This abandonment — so much distress, loneliness — it was terrible and unbearable! For us it was inhuman. The minutes seemed like hours.

Anglade stated that Anthony Sadler came into their car searching for blankets and a first aid kit for the wounded, and told them the assailant had been subdued. Sadler also banged on the door of the engine car to no avail, said Anglade, who expressed his gratitude:[37]

We are shocked, but we are alive, and that's the point. We were in the wrong place, but with the right people. It's a miracle. We were incredibly lucky to have these American soldiers. I want to pay tribute to their heroic courage and thank them; without them we'd all be dead.

Anglade's claims of "abandonment" by the crew were denied by the Thalys corporation.[16] Agnès Ogier, director-general of Thalys, defended the train employees, who she said "have fulfilled their duty" and were unaware the terrorist had been subdued.[38] She also reported that a male employee took five or six passengers with him while seeking shelter in the baggage car.[39] Guillaume Pepy, president of the SNCF, stated that he would personally meet with Anglade to discuss his complaints.[40] According to Le Point, Anglade's account of the events is dubious as alarms in Thalys trains are not protected by glass and therefore he could not have cut his hand when triggering the alarm.[41]

Suspect

Ayoub El Kahzzani (born 3 September 1989,[39] also spelled El Kahzani or el-Qahzzani),[42][43] a 25-year-old man from Morocco, was identified as the suspected assailant by French and Spanish authorities. He carried no identification but was identified through his fingerprints.[42] Prior to the attempted attack, he had resided in Aubervilliers, Seine-Saint-Denis, France, since 2014.[44] El Kahzzani was originally from Tétouan in northern Morocco,[45] and moved to Spain in 2007 after his father managed to legalise his status there two years previously.[46] He boarded the train in Brussels.[47] He was an employee at the mobile phone operator firm Lycamobile for two months in early 2014 before leaving due to not having the right work papers.[48]

El Kahzzani was apparently known to French authorities and had been tagged with a "fiche S" (S file), the highest "warning" level for French state security. He had been similarly profiled by Belgian, Spanish, and German[49] authorities. El Kahzzani had reportedly lived in the Spanish cities of Madrid and Algeciras[50] from 2007 to March 2014.[42] During his time in Spain, he attracted the attention of authorities after making speeches defending jihad, attending a known radical mosque, and being involved in drug trafficking.[48][49] He then moved to France, at which time the Spanish authorities informed the French of their suspicions.[42] However, French Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve claimed that he moved to Belgium first in 2015.[45] He had reportedly spent time between May and July[17] in Syria before moving to France.[5][42]

Numerous preliminary charges are expected to be filed against El Kahzzani, including attempted murder in connection with terrorism, possession of weapons in connection with terrorism, and participation in a terrorism conspiracy.[2] Some charges were filed on August 25, 2015.[51]

Motives

According to prosecutor François Molins, Khazzani listened to a "YouTube audio file in which the individual exhorted his followers to raise arms and fight in the name of the prophet" and that his Internet reading history showed "clear evidence of terrorist intent."[52] Prosecutors found the files on his phone, which they say he listened to immediately prior to the attack.[4]

Sophie David, a lawyer initially assigned to his case but no longer representing him, said that El Kahzzani says he was homeless because his ID was stolen, that he slept in a Brussels park where he found a suitcase containing the rifle and the pistol, and that he had no intention to massacre the passengers but planned to rob them so he could get food. He denies firing a single shot and was said to not have any firearms training.[10][20][53][54] However, authorities said El Kahzzani's explanations became less plausible with each questioning and he had eventually stopped talking to investigators.[4][55] On 23 August, Belgian authorities began investigating if El Kahzzani had an accomplice.[56]

Possible source of weapons

In January 2015, French security officials determined that Amedy Coulibaly, one of the gunmen in the 2015 Île-de-France attacks, purchased automatic weapons and a rocket launcher from Belgian gangs,[57] allegedly in a black market near Gare du Midi, the station that the gunman in the Thalys attack boarded from.[58][59]

The anti-terror operation in Belgium after the attacks in France attempted to discover criminal networks of weapons smuggling.[60] Stockpiles of Kalashnikov rifles were found in Verviers, Liège, where two suspects who had traveled to Syria were killed in a shootout with police.[61] Liège was the site of a 2011 attack that killed six people and wounded hundreds of others. French newspaper La Voix du Nord says that the gunman in the Thalys attack may have had connections to groups targeted by the counter-terror operation, and authorities are investigating the link.[42]

Passengers involved in the defense

Reactions

  •  France: The Americans and Norman were hailed as "true heroes" and received medals for bravery from the mayor of Arras, Frédéric Leturque.[20][66] French president François Hollande and Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve praised them for their bravery.[8] Stone, Skarlatos, Sadler, and Norman were each made a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur (Knight of the Legion of Honour) on 24 August. Moogalian, an off-duty French train driver, and a French passenger who wished to remain anonymous are to receive the honor later.[67][68]
  •  Belgium: Belgian Prime Minister Charles Michel condemned the terrorist attack and expressed his sympathy for the victims.[69] "We have opened an inquiry under the anti-terrorism law ... as the suspect boarded the train in Brussels," Eric Van der Sypt, a spokesman for the prosecutor's office, said.[70]
  •  Netherlands: Freedom Party leader Geert Wilders said that the parliament should be recalled and the terrorism debate scheduled for early September should be brought forward. He added that he wants the government to have more security. Labour MP Jeroen Recourt said extra security for stations and other busy places would be a form of sham safety, stating, "You cannot secure everything."[71]
  •  United Kingdom: British Prime Minister David Cameron praised the "extraordinary courage" of those involved in taking down the attacker.[8]
  •  United States: The White House expressed gratitude for the "courage and quick thinking of several passengers, including U.S. service members, who selflessly subdued the attacker... It is clear that their heroic actions may have prevented a far worse tragedy."[11] U.S. President Barack Obama called the three Americans on 22 August to personally thank them for their bravery.[72] General Philip M. Breedlove of the U.S. European Command in Stuttgart, Germany, added his voice to others calling the three Americans heroes for their actions, which "clearly illustrate the courage and commitment our young men and women have all the time, whether they are on duty or on leave."[73]

Security

In response to the attack, the Belgian government decided to increase patrols of Belgian police on Thalys trains and increase baggage checks.[74] Belgian Prime Minister Charles Michel called for urgent talks with France, Germany and the Netherlands on increasing security on cross-border trains.[75] The European Commission said that the Schengen treaty is non-negotiable, and that increased security checks cannot include border checks.[76] European Union officials are now considering introducing metal detectors and body scans at all train stations, along with an increase in CCTV cameras inside trains.[77]

Koen Geens, the Belgian Minister of Justice called for increased collaboration within the EU on arms trafficking.[78] Geens said "I do not believe that these weapons are of Belgian origin" and "here are far too many illegal Kalashnikovs and [military surplus] arriving in Belgium from Eastern Europe."[79] He called for more effective arms control outside the Schengen zone, and flagged increased police powers against weapons traffickers.[80]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Attentat dans un Thalys: Le scénario de l'attaque déjouée minute par minute [Attack in Thalys: The scenario of the foiled attack minute by minute]". 20 minutes (in French). 22 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d "Suspect in France train shooting watched jihadi video prior to attack, French authorities say". FOX News. 25 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
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  23. ^ "Deux blessés par balle dans un Thalys reliant Amsterdam à Paris" (in French). Le Monde/AFP. Retrieved 22 August 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
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  25. ^ a b "Lajes Field Airman, fellow travelers stop attack on French train". USAFE AFs Africa Public Affairs. 22 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  27. ^ a b "France high-speed train shooting: Aftermath of attack". The Telegraph. 22 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
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  30. ^ a b "Attaque du Thalys : sans eux " nous serions tous morts "" (in French). Le Monde. Retrieved 23 August 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
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  35. ^ Callus, Andrew (23 August 2015). "U.S. airman in French train shooting plugged passenger wound with fingers". Reuters. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
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  41. ^ "Jean-Hugues Anglade : l'indécence ! [Jean-Hugues Anglade : indecency !]". Le Point. 25 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  42. ^ a b c d e f "France train gunman identified as Islamist militant". Reuters. 22 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  43. ^ "Qui est Ayoub El Kahzzani, le suspect de l'attentat du train Thalys Amsterdam-Paris? [Ayoub El Kahzzani: Who is the suspect in the train bombing Thalys Amsterdam-Paris?]". L'Indépendant (Pyrénées-Orientales) (in French). 22 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  44. ^ "Thalys : El-Khazzani mis en examen et écroué pour une attaque « ciblée et préméditée »". Le Monde (in French). 25 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
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  46. ^ Badcock, James; Barrett, David (23 August 2015). "Terrorist's father speaks for the first time". The Telegraph. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  47. ^ Chrisafis, Angelique (22 August 2015). "France train attack: Americans overpower gunman on Paris express". The Guardian.
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  51. ^ http://news.yahoo.com/france-train-attack-suspect-charged-judicial-source-225813542.html
  52. ^ Izadi, Elahe (25 August 2015). "Suspect in high-speed train attack had 'terrorist intent,' French officials say". Washington Post. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  53. ^ "France train gunman 'dumbfounded' by terrorism allegations, lawyer says". ABC Online. 23 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
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  56. ^ Ing, Nancy; Grimson, Matthew (23 August 2015). "Suspected Train Attacker Ayoub El Khazzani Probed for Links to 'Broader Framework'". NBC News. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
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  58. ^ "Belgian market deals in death". The New Zealand Herald. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  59. ^ "French train attack: Belgian station is close to notorious weapons supply line". Telegraph.co.uk. 23 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  60. ^ "2 Dead, 1 Wounded In Belgian Anti-Terror Operation". NPR.org. 15 January 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  61. ^ "Focus turns to Belgium security after high-speed train attack". RFI. 22 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
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  63. ^ Wagner, Meg; Greene, Leonard (26 August 2015). "3 Americans and Brit honored in France as 5th train hero is identified as French-American professor". The New York Daily News. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  64. ^ Ellis, Ralph; Karimi, Faith; Fantz, Ashley; Robertson, Nic (25 August 2015). "Train heroes 'gave us an example of what is possible,' says French President". CNN. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  65. ^ a b c Sangree, Hudson (23 August 2015). "Carmichael childhood, faith unite friends who stopped train attack". The Sacramento Bee. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  66. ^ "Le courage des héros américains et britanniques du Thalys salué après l'attaque [The courage of the American and British heroes in Thalys commended after the attack]". FranceTV (in French). 22 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  67. ^ "Les hommes qui ont maîtrisé le tireur du Thalys seront décorés de la Légion d'honneur [Men who have mastered the Thalys shooter will be awarded the Legion of Honour]". Le Figaro (in French). 23 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  68. ^ "French train attack men given Légion d'honneur for 'preventing massacre'". The Guardian. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  69. ^ "Belgischer Premier spricht von Terrorangriff [Belgian Prime Minister speaks of terror attack]". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). 21 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  70. ^ "Belgium opens anti-terror probe in Thalys train attack". RFI. 22 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  71. ^ "No parliamentary recall after Thalys attack". DutchNews.nl. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  72. ^ Karimi, Faith (23 August 2015). "Train heroes: The men who helped avert a massacre in Europe". CNN. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  73. ^ "Breedlove: U.S. Troops 'Heroes' in Train Attack". U.S. Department of Defense. 23 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  74. ^ "Belgium steps up security measures after train attack". News24. 22 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  75. ^ "Belgium calls on neighbors for more security on cross-border trains". Yahoo! News. 22 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  76. ^ Firn, David, Buck, Tobias (23 August 2015). "Terror attack on train puts spotlight on Schengen". Financial Times. Retrieved 24 August 2015.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  77. ^ Hughes, Chris (25 August 2015). "French train shooting: Gunman in bare feet with bandaged eyes in court appearance". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  78. ^ "Voilà comment Koen Geens entend lutter contre le trafic d'armes [How Koen Geens intends to fight arms trafficking]". 7s7 (in French). 24 August 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  79. ^ Chardon, Frédéric (23 August 2015). "Koen Geens veut lutter contre le trafic d'armes vers la Belgique [Koen Geens wants to fight against the trafficking of arms to Belgium". LaLibre.be (in French). Retrieved 25 August 2015. "Mais il est évident qu'il y a beaucoup trop de kalachnikovs illégales et démilitarisées qui arrivent en Belgique en provenance d'Europe de l'Est", poursuit Koen Geens.
  80. ^ "Attentat déjoué dans un Thalys : le ministre de la Justice avance 4 points d'action pour lutter contre le trafic d'armes [Attack foiled in a Thalys: the Minister of Justice puts forward 4 points of action to fight against arms trafficking]". lavenir.net (in French). 24 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.

50°28′07.1″N 3°00′21.80″E / 50.468639°N 3.0060556°E / 50.468639; 3.0060556

External links

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