David Henderson (British Army officer): Difference between revisions
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[[File:Lt Gen Sir David Henderson.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Gen David Henderson]] |
[[File:Lt Gen Sir David Henderson.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Gen David Henderson]] |
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Following officer training at the Royal Military College Sandhurst, Henderson was commissioned into the [[British Army]] on 25 August 1882, joining the [[Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders]]. He was a member of the Nile Expedition of 1898 and was wounded at the [[Siege of Ladysmith]] during the [[Second Boer War|Boer War]].<ref name="RAFweb">{{cite web|url=http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/HendersonD.htm|title=Lieutenant General Sir David Henderson|accessdate=26 July 2007|work=Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation|author=Malcolm Barrass}}</ref> In February 1901 Kitchener appointed Henderson his Director of Military Intelligence, a post he held until the end of the Boer War.<ref>[http://www.victorianmilitarysociety.org.uk/downloads/sotq123_02.pdf The Second Anglo-Boer War Military Intelligence]{{ |
Following officer training at the Royal Military College Sandhurst, Henderson was commissioned into the [[British Army]] on 25 August 1882, joining the [[Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders]]. He was a member of the Nile Expedition of 1898 and was wounded at the [[Siege of Ladysmith]] during the [[Second Boer War|Boer War]].<ref name="RAFweb">{{cite web|url=http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/HendersonD.htm|title=Lieutenant General Sir David Henderson|accessdate=26 July 2007|work=Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation|author=Malcolm Barrass}}</ref> In February 1901 Kitchener appointed Henderson his Director of Military Intelligence, a post he held until the end of the Boer War.<ref>[http://www.victorianmilitarysociety.org.uk/downloads/sotq123_02.pdf The Second Anglo-Boer War Military Intelligence] {{wayback|url=http://www.victorianmilitarysociety.org.uk/downloads/sotq123_02.pdf |date=20110716161745 |df=y }}</ref> His subsequent works, ''Field Intelligence: Its Principles and Practice'' (1904) and ''The Art of Reconnaissance'' (1907), did much to establish his reputation as the Army's authority on tactical intelligence.<ref name="Birmingham"/> |
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In 1911, at the age of 49, Henderson learned to fly, making him the world’s oldest pilot at that time.<ref name="Birmingham"/> He formed part of the technical sub-committee of the [[Air Ministry#The Air Committee|Air Committee]] which helped to decide the organisation of the Royal Flying Corps, which was formed on 13 April 1912.<ref name="AMap12 p62">Prins ''Aeroplane'' April 2012, p. 62.</ref><ref name="RalI p198-9">Raleigh 1922, pp. 198–199.</ref> In 1913 the control of military aviation was separated from the responsibilities of the [[Master-General of the Ordnance]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Joubert de la Ferté|first=Philip|authorlink=Philip Joubert de la Ferté|title=The Third Service|year=1955|publisher=Thames and Hudson|location=London|page=15}}</ref> A new Department of Military Aeronautics was established and Henderson was appointed the first Director<ref>[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Sir_David_Henderson 1911 Encyclopedia]</ref> and, with the outbreak of [[World War I]], he took up command of the [[Royal Flying Corps]] in the field.<ref name="AMap12 p63">Prins ''Aeroplane'' April 2012, p. 63.</ref> On 22 November 1914, Henderson was appointed General Officer Commanding the [[1st Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|1st Infantry Division]] and his [[Chief of staff (military)|Chief of Staff]] [[Frederick Sykes]] took up command in his stead. However, Henderson did not spend long commanding the 1st Infantry Division. The decision to post Henderson and replace him with Sykes was not to [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Lord Kitchener's]] liking and he ordered a reversal of the appointments. On 20 December 1914, Henderson resumed command of the Royal Flying Corps in the Field and Sykes was once again his Chief of Staff.<ref name="AMmy12 p36">Prins ''Aeroplane'' May 2012, p. 36.</ref><ref name="RAFWEB sykes">{{cite web|title=Air Vice-Marshal The Rt. Hon. Sir Frederick Sykes|url=http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Sykes.htm|work=Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation|accessdate=24 March 2012|date=16 October 2010}}</ref> |
In 1911, at the age of 49, Henderson learned to fly, making him the world’s oldest pilot at that time.<ref name="Birmingham"/> He formed part of the technical sub-committee of the [[Air Ministry#The Air Committee|Air Committee]] which helped to decide the organisation of the Royal Flying Corps, which was formed on 13 April 1912.<ref name="AMap12 p62">Prins ''Aeroplane'' April 2012, p. 62.</ref><ref name="RalI p198-9">Raleigh 1922, pp. 198–199.</ref> In 1913 the control of military aviation was separated from the responsibilities of the [[Master-General of the Ordnance]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Joubert de la Ferté|first=Philip|authorlink=Philip Joubert de la Ferté|title=The Third Service|year=1955|publisher=Thames and Hudson|location=London|page=15}}</ref> A new Department of Military Aeronautics was established and Henderson was appointed the first Director<ref>[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Sir_David_Henderson 1911 Encyclopedia]</ref> and, with the outbreak of [[World War I]], he took up command of the [[Royal Flying Corps]] in the field.<ref name="AMap12 p63">Prins ''Aeroplane'' April 2012, p. 63.</ref> On 22 November 1914, Henderson was appointed General Officer Commanding the [[1st Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|1st Infantry Division]] and his [[Chief of staff (military)|Chief of Staff]] [[Frederick Sykes]] took up command in his stead. However, Henderson did not spend long commanding the 1st Infantry Division. The decision to post Henderson and replace him with Sykes was not to [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Lord Kitchener's]] liking and he ordered a reversal of the appointments. On 20 December 1914, Henderson resumed command of the Royal Flying Corps in the Field and Sykes was once again his Chief of Staff.<ref name="AMmy12 p36">Prins ''Aeroplane'' May 2012, p. 36.</ref><ref name="RAFWEB sykes">{{cite web|title=Air Vice-Marshal The Rt. Hon. Sir Frederick Sykes|url=http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Sykes.htm|work=Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation|accessdate=24 March 2012|date=16 October 2010}}</ref> |
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Henderson was awarded the [[Distinguished Service Order]] in 1902 for his work during the [[Second Boer War]]. |
Henderson was awarded the [[Distinguished Service Order]] in 1902 for his work during the [[Second Boer War]]. |
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In April 1914 he was created [[Order of the Bath|Knight Commander of the Bath]] (KCB).<ref name="AMap12 p63"/> In March 1918, Henderson accepted the honorary position of Colonel of the [[Highland Light Infantry]].<ref name="Regiments">{{cite web |
In April 1914 he was created [[Order of the Bath|Knight Commander of the Bath]] (KCB).<ref name="AMap12 p63"/> In March 1918, Henderson accepted the honorary position of Colonel of the [[Highland Light Infantry]].<ref name="Regiments">{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/071HLI.htm |title=The Highland Light Infantry (City of Glasgow Regiment) |accessdate=26 July 2007 |work=Regiments.org |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20070712160354/http://www.regiments.org:80/regiments/uk/inf/071HLI.htm |archivedate=12 July 2007 }}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 03:15, 14 January 2016
David Henderson | |
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![]() Brigadier-General Sir David Henderson | |
Born | 11 August 1862 Glasgow, Scotland |
Died | 17 August 1921 (aged 59) Geneva, Switzerland |
Allegiance | ![]() |
Service/ | British Army, Royal Air Force |
Rank | Lieutenant General |
Commands | 1st Infantry Division Royal Flying Corps |
Battles/wars | Second Boer War World War I |
Awards | Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order Distinguished Service Order |
Other work | Director-General of Red Cross Societies |
Lieutenant General Sir David Henderson KCB, KCVO, DSO, LLD (11 August 1862 – 17 August 1921) was the senior leader of British military aviation during World War I, having previously established himself as the leading authority on tactical intelligence in the British Army. He served as the commander of the Royal Flying Corps in the field during the first year of World War I and was instrumental in establishing the Royal Air Force as an independent service.[1] After the war Henderson was the first Director-General of the League of Red Cross Societies.
Early and family life
David Henderson was born in Glasgow on 11 August 1862 into a ship-owning family. His father, also called David Henderson, was a joint owner of the Clydeside ship builders David and William Henderson and Company.[2]
Henderson entered the University of Glasgow in 1877 at the age of just fifteen. While there, he read engineering and in his fourth year (1880–1881) he studied civil engineering and mechanics as well as office and field work in engineering. For reasons now unknown, he left the university to train for a military career at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, instead of graduating from Glasgow.[2]
In 1895, Henderson married Henrietta Caroline Dundas, later known as Dame Henrietta Henderson after being appointed as a Dame of Grace of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem (D.G.St.J.) and in 1919 was further appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE), the equivalent of a knighthood for a man.[3] The couple had three children[citation needed] including Ian Henry David Henderson, who also joined the Royal Flying Corps,[4] but Ian Henderson predeceased his parents, dying in a flying accident in June 1918.[5] Dame Henrietta Henderson lived until 14 April 1959.
Military career
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Lt_Gen_Sir_David_Henderson.jpg/150px-Lt_Gen_Sir_David_Henderson.jpg)
Following officer training at the Royal Military College Sandhurst, Henderson was commissioned into the British Army on 25 August 1882, joining the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. He was a member of the Nile Expedition of 1898 and was wounded at the Siege of Ladysmith during the Boer War.[6] In February 1901 Kitchener appointed Henderson his Director of Military Intelligence, a post he held until the end of the Boer War.[7] His subsequent works, Field Intelligence: Its Principles and Practice (1904) and The Art of Reconnaissance (1907), did much to establish his reputation as the Army's authority on tactical intelligence.[1]
In 1911, at the age of 49, Henderson learned to fly, making him the world’s oldest pilot at that time.[1] He formed part of the technical sub-committee of the Air Committee which helped to decide the organisation of the Royal Flying Corps, which was formed on 13 April 1912.[8][9] In 1913 the control of military aviation was separated from the responsibilities of the Master-General of the Ordnance.[10] A new Department of Military Aeronautics was established and Henderson was appointed the first Director[11] and, with the outbreak of World War I, he took up command of the Royal Flying Corps in the field.[12] On 22 November 1914, Henderson was appointed General Officer Commanding the 1st Infantry Division and his Chief of Staff Frederick Sykes took up command in his stead. However, Henderson did not spend long commanding the 1st Infantry Division. The decision to post Henderson and replace him with Sykes was not to Lord Kitchener's liking and he ordered a reversal of the appointments. On 20 December 1914, Henderson resumed command of the Royal Flying Corps in the Field and Sykes was once again his Chief of Staff.[13][14]
In 1915 Henderson returned to London to resume his London-based duties as Director-General of Military Aeronautics,[6] which Sefton Brancker had been performing in his absence. This meant that when, in 1917, General Jan Smuts was writing his review of the British Air Services, Henderson was well placed to assist. While seconded to General Smuts, Henderson wrote much of what came to be called the Smuts Report.[1][6] It has been argued that he had a better claim to the informal title "father of the Royal Air Force" than Sir Hugh Trenchard.[1] Trenchard himself believed that Henderson deserved the accolade.[15]
In January 1918, Henderson was made a member of the Air Council,[6] serving as its vice-president. However, having not been appointed as the RAF's Chief of the Air Staff, Henderson resigned from the Air Council in April, citing his desire to escape the atmosphere of intrigue at the Air Ministry.[16]
Following his departure from the Air Council, Henderson returned to France where he served until October 1918. After the armistice, Henderson served as a military counsellor during the Paris Peace Conference[16] until the signing of the Versailles Treaty in June 1919. Henderson then became Director-General of the League of Red Cross Societies in Geneva, where he died in 1921, aged 59.[6]
Honours
Henderson was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in 1902 for his work during the Second Boer War.
In April 1914 he was created Knight Commander of the Bath (KCB).[12] In March 1918, Henderson accepted the honorary position of Colonel of the Highland Light Infantry.[17]
References
- ^ a b c d e "Sir David Henderson". Lions Led By Donkeys. Centre for First World War Studies, University of Birmingham. Retrieved 26 July 2007.
- ^ a b "Biography of Lieutenant General Commanding Sir David Y. Henderson". University of Glasgow. 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- ^ Lundy, Darryl (2015). "Henrietta Caroline Dundas". thepeerage.com. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- ^ "Ian Henry David Henderson". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
- ^ Prins, Aeroplane May 2012, p. 38.
- ^ a b c d e Malcolm Barrass. "Lieutenant General Sir David Henderson". Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 26 July 2007.
- ^ The Second Anglo-Boer War Military Intelligence Template:Wayback
- ^ Prins Aeroplane April 2012, p. 62.
- ^ Raleigh 1922, pp. 198–199.
- ^ Joubert de la Ferté, Philip (1955). The Third Service. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 15.
- ^ 1911 Encyclopedia
- ^ a b Prins Aeroplane April 2012, p. 63.
- ^ Prins Aeroplane May 2012, p. 36.
- ^ "Air Vice-Marshal The Rt. Hon. Sir Frederick Sykes". Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. 16 October 2010. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
- ^ Sir Peter Squire. "From spitfire to Eurofighter - The RAF's Legacy". RUSI Journal. Defence Data Ltd. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
- ^ a b Smith, Richard. "Henderson, Sir David (1862–1921)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 8 October 2007.
- ^ "The Highland Light Infantry (City of Glasgow Regiment)". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 12 July 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2007.
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Sources
- Prins, François (April 2012). "Forgotten Founder". Aeroplane. Vol. 40, no. 4. pp. 60–63. ISSN 0143-7240.
- Prins, François (May 2012). "Forgotten Founder: Part 2". Aeroplane. Vol. 40, no. 5. pp. 36–38. ISSN 0143-7240.
- Raleigh, Walter (1922). The War In the Air: Being the Story of the Part Played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force: Vol 1. London: The Clarendon Press.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation - Lt Gen Henderson
- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography - Henderson, Sir David (requires login)
- Centre for First World War Studies, Birmingham University - Sir David Henderson
- University of Glasgow - biography
- thePeerage.com - Lt. Gen. Sir David Henderson
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Henderson, Sir David". Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
- Use dmy dates from April 2012
- 1862 births
- 1921 deaths
- Alumni of the University of Glasgow
- British Army personnel of the Mahdist War
- British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
- Royal Flying Corps officers
- British Army generals of World War I
- Royal Air Force generals of World War I
- Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
- Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
- Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
- People from Glasgow
- Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
- Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders officers