List of usurpers: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 18:16, 26 March 2016
This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2013) |
The following is a list of usurpers – illegitimate or controversial claimants to the throne in a monarchy. The word usurper is a derogatory term, and as such not easily definable, as the person seizing power normally will try to legitimise his position, while denigrating that of his predecessor.
India
Usurper | Predecessor | Reign | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya | Thimma Bhupala | 1485-1491 | To change the way of ruling in VIJAYNAGRA |
China
Usurper | Predecessor | Reign | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Wang Mang | Ruzi Ying | 9–23 | |
Cao Pi | Emperor Xian of Han | 220–226 | |
Emperor Wu of Jìn | Cao Huan | 265–290 | |
Huan Xuan | Emperor An of Jin | 404 | |
Emperor Wu of Liu Song | Emperor Gong of Jin | 420–422 | |
Emperor Gao of Southern Qi | Emperor Shun of Liu Song | 479–482 | |
Emperor Wu of Liang | Emperor He of Southern Qi | 502–549 | |
Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi | Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei | 550–559 | |
Emperor Wu of Chen | Emperor Jing of Liang | 557–559 | |
Emperor Wen of Sui | Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou | 581–604 | |
Yuwen Huaji | Yang Hao (Sui Dynasty) | 618–619 | |
Wu Zetian | Emperor Ruizong of Tang | 690–705 | |
Zhu Wen | Emperor Ai of Tang | 907–912 | |
Emperor Taizu of Song | Emperor Gongdi of Later Zhou | 960–976 |
Egypt
Usurper | Predecessor | Reign | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Amasis II | Apries | 570 BC – 526 BC |
England
Usurper | Predecessor | Reign | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
William I | Harold Godwinson | 1066–1087 | When Edward the Confessor died Harold crowned himself Harold II so William then invaded England with his own army. William victored at the Battle of Hastings during which Harold II was killed. William then crowned himself King of England. |
Stephen | Henry I | 1135–1154 | Henry I named his daughter Matilda his heir, and she was recognised as such by the barons of England. On Henry's death, Stephen took the crown before Matilda knew her father was dead, leading to 20 years of civil war. |
Henry IV | Richard II | 1399–1413 | A period of crisis emerged in 1398-1399 under Richard II as he enacted revenge on leading nobles for a dispute 10 years previously. He took action against the Lords Appellant, murdering a leader and banishing Henry Bolingbrook. On the death of Bolingbrook's father John of Gaunt, the son wished to return to claim his inheritance as the Duke of Lancaster, which Richard II denied. Henry returned from his exile in France, whilst Richard II was away in Ireland. With the support of prominent Northern noble families Henry took the throne. |
Henry VII | Richard III | 1485–1509 | Forces under Henry Tudor won the Battle of Bosworth Field during which Richard III was killed. Henry then became Henry VII and married the daughter of Edward IV which is claimed to have ended the War of the Roses, though relatives of Richard made various attempts to remove him from power. |
William III and Mary II | James II | 1689–1702 | James II fled after the arrival of William and Mary along with their army. This became known as the Glorious Revolution. |
France
Usurper | Predecessor | Reign | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Pippin the Younger | Childeric III | 751–768 | |
Napoleon Bonaparte | The Directorate | 1799–1814 | In the Coup d'état of 18 Brumaire, (9 November 1799) Napoleon overthrew the Constitution of the Year III and established his rule as First Consul, and five years later as Emperor. |
Napoleon Bonaparte | Louis XVIII | 1815–1815 | Hundred Days |
Louis Philippe I | Charles X | 1830–1848 | Louis Philippe took the throne in the aftermath of the July Revolution, which had resulted in the abdication of King Charles X in favor of his grandson, a young child. |
Japan
Usurper | Predecessor | Reign | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Emperor Temmu | Emperor Kōbun | 672–686 |
Jin Dynasty (Jurchen)
Usurper | Predecessor | Reign | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Emperor Hailingwang of Jin | Emperor Xizong of Jin | 1150–1161 |
Norway
Usurper | Predecessor | Reign | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Sverre Sigurdsson | Magnus Erlingsson | 1184–1202 |
Portugal
Usurper | Predecessor | Reign | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Miguel | Maria II | 1828–1834 | Was himself deposed by his brother Pedro I of Brazil, Maria's father, who reinstated Maria. |
João IV | Felipe III | 1640–1656 | Tired of the dual monarchy, the Portuguese elite, decided restore the independence of kingdom, more enthroning John, they ended betraying the king Felipe III; more as the new king was good, the designation of usurper, never was determined for the new sovereign. |
Roman Empires
Sweden
Usurper | Predecessor | Reign | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Eric the Saint | Sverker the Elder | 1156–1160 | Involvement in Sverker's murder is uncertain. |
Magnus Henriksen | Eric the Saint | 1160–1161 | |
Charles Sverkerson | Magnus Henriksen | 1161–1168 | |
Canute Ericson | Boleslas Sverkerson | 1168–1195 | |
Erik Knutsson | Sverker the Younger | 1208–1216 | |
Canute the Tall | Eric the Lisp and Lame | 1229–1234 | |
Charles IX | Sigismund III Vasa | 1604–1611 | As regent from 1599 – 1611. |
Charles XIII | Gustav IV Adolf | 1809–1818 | initially as regent after his nephew's deposition |
Thailand
Usurper | Predecessor | Reign | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Worawongsathirat | Yodfa | 1548 | His kingship is not accepted by most traditional historians |
Vietnam
Usurper | Predecessor | Reign | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Dương Tam Kha | Ngô Quyền | 944–950 | |
Ngô Xương Văn | Dương Tam Kha | 951–965 | |
Mạc Đăng Dung | Le Chieu Tong | 1527–1529 |
Gwynedd (Wales)
Usurper | Predecessor | Reign | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Dafydd, Rhodri, & Cynan |
Hywel ab Owain | 1170–1195 | Llywelyn the Great, with the senior legitimate claim, overthrew his uncles |