Adyghe Xabze: Difference between revisions
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The movement has developed a following especially in [[Karachay-Cherkessia]] (12%) and [[Kabardino-Balkaria]] (3%), according to 2012 statistics.<ref name="ArenaAtlas">[http://sreda.org/arena Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia] • sreda.org</ref> Practitioners and advocates have faced radical Islamist persecution. |
The movement has developed a following especially in [[Karachay-Cherkessia]] (12%) and [[Kabardino-Balkaria]] (3%), according to 2012 statistics.<ref name="ArenaAtlas">[http://sreda.org/arena Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia] • sreda.org</ref> Practitioners and advocates have faced radical Islamist persecution. |
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On the 29th of December 2010 a prominent [[Kabarday|Kabard]]-Circassian ethnographer and Habze advocate, Arsen Tsipinov,<ref>[http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/docs/publications/110302analyst.pdf Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst]. Vol. 3, No. 4. 21-03-2011. '''p.4'''</ref> was murdered by Islamist radical non-Circassians who had accused him of [[mushrik]] (idolatrous disbelief in Islamic monotheism) and months earlier threatened him and others they accused as idolaters and [[munafiqun]] ("hypocrites" who are said are outwardly Muslims but secretly unsympathetic to the cause of Islam) to stop "reviving" and diffusing the rituals of the original Circassian pre-Islamic faith..<ref>''[http://www.rferl.org/content/north_caucasus_insurgents_ethnographer_murder/2272112.html North Caucasus Insurgency Admits Killing Circassian Ethnographer]''. Caucasus Report, 2010. ''Retrieved 24-09-2012''.</ref><ref>Valery Dzutsev. ''[http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=37312 High-profile Murders in Kabardino-Balkaria Underscore the Government’s Inability to Control Situation in the Republic]''. ''Eurasia Daily Monitor'', volume 8, issue 1, 2011. ''Retrieved 24-09-2012''.</ref> |
On the 29th of December 2010 a prominent [[Kabarday|Kabard]]-Circassian ethnographer and Habze advocate, Arsen Tsipinov,<ref>[http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/docs/publications/110302analyst.pdf Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst] {{wayback|url=http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/docs/publications/110302analyst.pdf |date=20130707041612 }}. Vol. 3, No. 4. 21-03-2011. '''p.4'''</ref> was murdered by Islamist radical non-Circassians who had accused him of [[mushrik]] (idolatrous disbelief in Islamic monotheism) and months earlier threatened him and others they accused as idolaters and [[munafiqun]] ("hypocrites" who are said are outwardly Muslims but secretly unsympathetic to the cause of Islam) to stop "reviving" and diffusing the rituals of the original Circassian pre-Islamic faith..<ref>''[http://www.rferl.org/content/north_caucasus_insurgents_ethnographer_murder/2272112.html North Caucasus Insurgency Admits Killing Circassian Ethnographer]''. Caucasus Report, 2010. ''Retrieved 24-09-2012''.</ref><ref>Valery Dzutsev. ''[http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=37312 High-profile Murders in Kabardino-Balkaria Underscore the Government’s Inability to Control Situation in the Republic]''. ''Eurasia Daily Monitor'', volume 8, issue 1, 2011. ''Retrieved 24-09-2012''.</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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Revision as of 22:18, 4 October 2016
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (November 2015) |
Adyghe Habze, also Circassian Habze or Habza (Adyghe: Адыгэ Хабзэ /adəɣa xaːbza/ ; derived from хы khy, meaning "order", plus бзэ bze, meaning "speech"), also spelled Khabze, Khabza or Xabze, also called Habzism,[1] defines,[2] philosophy and worldview of the Adyghe or Circassians, an ethnic group of North Caucasian stock inhabiting areas of Caucasia: the republic of Adygea, and the bordering republics of Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria (the Kabard subgroup), all three within the domains of Russia. The Adyghe Native Religion was influenced by Hellenic religion and philosophy at the time of Greek colonisation in the Caucasus.
The belief system takes its name from the Circassian epic Nart Saga, originally orally transmitted, which has heavily contributed to the shaping of Adyghe values over the centuries. Although historically Islamised, the period of the Soviet Union contributed to a severe weakening of Islam in the area, and especially among the Adyghe-Circassians. With the fall of the Soviet regime, the revival of Habzism was supported by Adyghe intellectuals as part of a rise in nationalism and cultural identity in the 1990s,[3] and more recently as a thwarting force against Wahhabism and Islamic fundamentalism.[4]
The movement has developed a following especially in Karachay-Cherkessia (12%) and Kabardino-Balkaria (3%), according to 2012 statistics.[5] Practitioners and advocates have faced radical Islamist persecution.
On the 29th of December 2010 a prominent Kabard-Circassian ethnographer and Habze advocate, Arsen Tsipinov,[6] was murdered by Islamist radical non-Circassians who had accused him of mushrik (idolatrous disbelief in Islamic monotheism) and months earlier threatened him and others they accused as idolaters and munafiqun ("hypocrites" who are said are outwardly Muslims but secretly unsympathetic to the cause of Islam) to stop "reviving" and diffusing the rituals of the original Circassian pre-Islamic faith..[7][8]
Etymology
"Habze" (Хабзэ) is an Abkhazian compound made up from хы "khy", meaning "vast" or "universe", plus бзэ "bze", meaning "speech", "word", "language".[9] Thus its meaning is roughly "Language of the Universe" or "Word of the Cosmos", comparable to the concept of Dharma.
Psychology
An important element of the Circassian Native Religion is the belief in the soul (psa) of the ancestors, who have the ability to observe and evaluate the affairs of their offsprings.[2] The concept of physical pain or pleasure in the Hereafter (Hedryhe) is absent — the soul is granted spiritual satisfaction or remorse for one's chosen path in life in front of himself and his ancestors.[2]
Therefore, the goal of man's earthly existence is the perfection of the soul, which corresponds to the maintenance of honour (nape), manifestation of compassion (guschlegu), gratuitous help (psape), which, along with valor, and bravery of a warrior, enables the human soul to join the soul of the ancestors with a clear conscience (nape huzhkle).[2] The souls of the ancestors require commemoration, whereby funeral feasts are arranged (hedeus); sacrifice or memorial meal preparations (zheryme) are practiced and distributed for the remembrance of the dead souls.[2]
See also
- Indo-European religions
References
- ^ «Хабзисты». Кто они?
- ^ a b c d e Khabze.info. Khabze: the religious system of Circassians.
- ^ Paul Golbe. Window on Eurasia: Circassians Caught Between Two Globalizing "Mill Stones", Russian Commentator Says. On Windows on Eurasia, January 2013.
- ^ Авраам Шмулевич. Хабзэ против Ислама. Промежуточный манифест.
- ^ Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia • sreda.org
- ^ Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst Archived 2013-07-07 at the Wayback Machine. Vol. 3, No. 4. 21-03-2011. p.4
- ^ North Caucasus Insurgency Admits Killing Circassian Ethnographer. Caucasus Report, 2010. Retrieved 24-09-2012.
- ^ Valery Dzutsev. High-profile Murders in Kabardino-Balkaria Underscore the Government’s Inability to Control Situation in the Republic. Eurasia Daily Monitor, volume 8, issue 1, 2011. Retrieved 24-09-2012.
- ^ Khabze.info. What is Khabze?
Bibliography
- Т. М. Катанчиев. Адыгэ кхабзэ как кабардинское обыхное право. Эль-Фа, 2001
- University of Michigan (1999). Reference Library of Arab America: Countries & ethnic groups, Kuwait to United Arab Emirates. Gale. pp. 570–571. ISBN 978-0-7876-4178-8.
- Bullough, Oliver (4 March 2010). Let Our Fame Be Great: Journeys among the defiant people of the Caucasus. Penguin Books. pp. 35–. ISBN 978-0-14-195622-0.