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The '''Champlain Canal''' is a {{convert|60|mi|adj=on}} [[canal]] that connects the south end of [[Lake Champlain]] to the [[Hudson River]] in [[New York (state)|New York]]. It was simultaneously constructed with the [[Erie Canal]] and is now part of the [[New York State Canal System]] and the [[Lakes to Locks Passage]].
The '''Champlain Canal''' is a {{convert|60|mi|adj=on}} [[canal]] that connects the south end of [[Lake Champlain]] to the [[Hudson River]] in [[New York (state)|New York]]. It was simultaneously constructed with the [[Erie Canal]] and is now part of the [[New York State Canal System]] and the [[Lakes to Locks Passage]].


The canal was proposed in 1812 and construction authorized in 1817. By 1818, {{convert|12|mi}} were completed, and in 1819 the canal was opened from [[Fort Edward (village), New York|Fort Edward]] to Lake Champlain. The canal was officially opened on September 10, 1823.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of the Canal System of the State of New York |last=Whitford |first=Nobel E. |chapter=6 |chapterurl=http://www.history.rochester.edu/canal/bib/whitford/old1906/chapter6.htm |url=http://www.history.rochester.edu/canal/bib/whitford/old1906/ |accessdate=12 June 2009 |year=1906}}</ref> It was an immediate financial success, and carried substantial commercial traffic until the 1970s.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}}
The canal was proposed in 1812 and construction authorized in 1817. By 1818, {{convert|12|mi}} were completed, and in 1819 the canal was opened from [[Fort Edward (village), New York|Fort Edward]] to Lake Champlain. The canal was officially opened on September 10, 1823.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of the Canal System of the State of New York |last=Whitford |first=Nobel E. |chapter=6 |chapterurl=http://www.history.rochester.edu/canal/bib/whitford/old1906/chapter6.htm |url=http://www.history.rochester.edu/canal/bib/whitford/old1906/ |accessdate=12 June 2009 |year=1906 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628005458/http://www.history.rochester.edu:80/canal/bib/whitford/old1906/ |archivedate=28 June 2010 |df= }}</ref> It was an immediate financial success, and carried substantial commercial traffic until the 1970s.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}}


Today, the enlarged barge canal provides a convenient route from the Atlantic Ocean and Hudson River to Lake Champlain for recreational boaters. The canal begins about {{convert|3|mi|km}} north of the locks at the [[Federal Dam (Troy)|Troy Federal Dam]], at the point where the [[Erie Canal]] splits from the [[Hudson River]]. The Champlain Canal follows the Hudson River north for approximately {{convert|35|mi}}, with six locks providing navigation around dams on the Hudson River, until it reaches lock C-7 in [[Fort Edward (town), New York|Fort Edward, New York]]. At this point, the canal follows a constructed channel for approximately {{convert|25|mi}}, with five additional locks, bringing the canal to the southern end of [[Lake Champlain]] at [[Whitehall, New York]].
Today, the enlarged barge canal provides a convenient route from the Atlantic Ocean and Hudson River to Lake Champlain for recreational boaters. The canal begins about {{convert|3|mi|km}} north of the locks at the [[Federal Dam (Troy)|Troy Federal Dam]], at the point where the [[Erie Canal]] splits from the [[Hudson River]]. The Champlain Canal follows the Hudson River north for approximately {{convert|35|mi}}, with six locks providing navigation around dams on the Hudson River, until it reaches lock C-7 in [[Fort Edward (town), New York|Fort Edward, New York]]. At this point, the canal follows a constructed channel for approximately {{convert|25|mi}}, with five additional locks, bringing the canal to the southern end of [[Lake Champlain]] at [[Whitehall, New York]].
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==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.nycanals.com/Champlain_Canal Information and Boater's Guide to the New York State Canal System]
*[http://www.nycanals.com/Champlain_Canal Information and Boater's Guide to the New York State Canal System]
*[http://www.history.rochester.edu/canal/bib/whitford/1906/Chap06.html History of the Canal System of the State of New York — Champlain Canal]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060419065143/http://www.history.rochester.edu:80/canal/bib/whitford/1906/Chap06.html History of the Canal System of the State of New York — Champlain Canal]
*[http://www.NYScanals.gov/maps/map7.html New York State Canals — Map of the Champlain Canal]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070207121333/http://www.nyscanals.gov:80/maps/map7.html New York State Canals — Map of the Champlain Canal]
*[http://www.champlaincanal.net/ Champlain Canal Net— History and Photographs]
*[http://www.champlaincanal.net/ Champlain Canal Net— History and Photographs]
*[http://www.feedercanal.com/ Historic Glens Falls Feeder Canal]
*[http://www.feedercanal.com/ Historic Glens Falls Feeder Canal]

Revision as of 07:09, 19 November 2016

Champlain Canal
Tug and barge on the Champlain Canal during the 1980s
Champlain Canal is located in New York
Champlain Canal
Champlain Canal is located in the United States
Champlain Canal
LocationRensselaer / Saratoga / Washington counties, New York, US; extends from Waterford through Fort Edward to Whitehall
Built1823
ArchitectWright, Benjamin;
Jarvis, John B.
Architectural styleTransportation Canal
NRHP reference No.76001274 [1]
Added to NRHPSeptember 01, 1976

The Champlain Canal is a 60-mile (97 km) canal that connects the south end of Lake Champlain to the Hudson River in New York. It was simultaneously constructed with the Erie Canal and is now part of the New York State Canal System and the Lakes to Locks Passage.

The canal was proposed in 1812 and construction authorized in 1817. By 1818, 12 miles (19 km) were completed, and in 1819 the canal was opened from Fort Edward to Lake Champlain. The canal was officially opened on September 10, 1823.[2] It was an immediate financial success, and carried substantial commercial traffic until the 1970s.[citation needed]

Today, the enlarged barge canal provides a convenient route from the Atlantic Ocean and Hudson River to Lake Champlain for recreational boaters. The canal begins about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the locks at the Troy Federal Dam, at the point where the Erie Canal splits from the Hudson River. The Champlain Canal follows the Hudson River north for approximately 35 miles (56 km), with six locks providing navigation around dams on the Hudson River, until it reaches lock C-7 in Fort Edward, New York. At this point, the canal follows a constructed channel for approximately 25 miles (40 km), with five additional locks, bringing the canal to the southern end of Lake Champlain at Whitehall, New York.

The elevation on the Hudson River portion increases from 15 feet (4.6 m) above sea level at the southern end, on the northern end of the locks at the Troy Federal Dam, to about 130 feet (40 m) above sea level at lock C-7, where the canal leaves the Hudson River. The elevation of the constructed portion reaches a peak of 140 feet (43 m) above sea level between locks C-9 and C-11, then declines to the level of Lake Champlain, between 94 and 100 feet (29 and 30 m) above sea level, at Whitehall.[3] By traveling the length of Lake Champlain, boaters can access the Chambly Canal, which connects Lake Champlain to the Saint Lawrence Seaway.

Locks

The following list of locks is provided for the current canal, from south to north. There are a total of 11 locks on the Champlain Canal.

All locks on the New York State Canal System are single-chamber; the dimensions are 328 feet (100 m) long and 45 feet (13.7 m) wide with a minimum 12-foot (3.7 m) depth of water over the miter sills at the upstream gates upon lift. They can accommodate a vessel up to 300 feet (91 m) long and 43.5 feet (13.3 m) wide.[4][5][6] Overall sidewall height will vary by lock, ranging between 28 feet (8.5 m) and 61 feet (18.6 m) depending on the lift and navigable stages.[7]

Note: There is no Lock C10 on the Champlain Canal. The place of "Lock E1" on the passage from the lower Hudson River to Lake Erie is taken by the Troy Federal Lock, located just north of Troy, New York, and is not part of the Erie Canal System proper. It is operated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers.[4] The Champlain Canal officially begins at the confluence of the Hudson and Mohawk rivers at Waterford, New York.

Distance is based on position markers from an interactive canal map provided online by the New York State Canal Corporation and may not exactly match specifications on signs posted along the canal. Mean surface elevations are comprised from a combination of older canal profiles and history books as well as specifications on signs posted along the canal.[4][8][9] The margin of error should normally be within 6 inches (15.2 cm).

Lock # Location Elevation

(upstream/north)

Elevation

(downstream/south)

Lift or Drop Distance to Next Lock

(upstream/north)

Troy Lock * Troy 15.3 ft (4.7 m) 1.3 ft (0.40 m) 14.0 ft (4.3 m) C1, 5.41 mi (8.71 km)
C1 Waterford 29.6 ft (9.0 m) 15.3 ft (4.7 m) 14.3 ft (4.4 m) C2, 3.94 mi (6.34 km)
C2 Halfmoon 48.1 ft (14.7 m) 29.6 ft (9.0 m) 18.5 ft (5.6 m) C3, 2.55 mi (4.10 km)
C3 Mechanicville 67.6 ft (20.6 m) 48.1 ft (14.7 m) 19.5 ft (5.9 m) C4, 1.84 mi (2.96 km)
C4 Stillwater 83.6 ft (25.5 m) 67.6 ft (20.6 m) 16.0 ft (4.9 m) C5, 14.41 mi (23.19 km)
C5 Northumberland 102.6 ft (31.3 m) 83.6 ft (25.5 m) 19.0 ft (5.8 m) C6, 3.73 mi (6.00 km)
C6 Fort Miller 119.1 ft (36.3 m) 102.6 ft (31.3 m) 16.5 ft (5.0 m) C7, 7.13 mi (11.47 km)
C7 Fort Edward 129.1 ft (39.3 m) 119.1 ft (36.3 m) 10.0 ft (3.0 m) C8, 2.18 mi (3.51 km)
C8 Fort Edward 140.1 ft (42.7 m) 129.1 ft (39.3 m) 11.0 ft (3.4 m) C9, 5.83 mi (9.38 km)
C9 Smith's Basin 124.1 ft (37.8 m) 140.1 ft (42.7 m) −16.0 ft (−4.9 m) C11, 9.24 mi (14.87 km)
C11 Comstock 112.1 ft (34.2 m) 124.1 ft (37.8 m) −12.0 ft (−3.7 m) C12, 6.44 mi (10.36 km)
C12 Whitehall 96.6 ft (29.4 m) 112.1 ft (34.2 m) −15.5 ft (−4.7 m) Lake Champlain

All surface elevations are approximate.

* Denotes Federal managed locks.

Note: The Champlain Canal breaks off the Hudson River just before Lock C7 at Fort Edward. Lake Champlain has a mean surface elevation ranging between 95 feet (29 m) and 100 feet (30.5 m), with an average elevation of around 97 feet (29.6 m). The lake officially begins on its southern end at Whitehall.

  • Second-generation Locks, built circa 1845, Glens Falls Feeder, Fort Edward, NY
    Second-generation Locks, built circa 1845, Glens Falls Feeder, Fort Edward, NY

References

  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. ^ Whitford, Nobel E. (1906). "History of the Canal System of the State of New York". Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 12 June 2009. {{cite web}}: |chapter= ignored (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "Champlain Canal Locks". Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  4. ^ a b c New York State Canal Corporation - Canal Map, New York State Canals, Retrieved Jan. 26, 2015.
  5. ^ New York State Canal Corporation - Frequently Asked Questions, Retrieved Jan. 26, 2015.
  6. ^ The Erie Canal - Locks, Retrieved Jan, 26, 2015.
  7. ^ The Erie Canal, History of the Barge Canal of New York State by Noble E. Whitford, 1921, Chapter 23, Retrieved Jan. 28, 2015.
  8. ^ Wilfred H. Schoff, The New York State Barge Canal, 1915, American Geographical Society, Vol. 47, No. 7, page 498, Retrieved Jan. 26, 2015.
  9. ^ The Erie Canal - Canal Profiles, Retrieved Jan. 6, 2015.
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