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[[Image:Bamboo coral miami terrace.jpg|250px|right|thumb|[[Bamboo coral]]s on Miami Terrace Reef 15&nbsp;miles off the coast of Miami, Florida. ''Image courtesy of NOAA Ocean Explorer'']]The '''Miami Terrace Reef''' ({{coord|25|45|N|79|55|W|}})<ref name="DOD DMA Undersea features">{{cite web | title=Gazetteer of Undersea Features | work=Department of Defense, Defense Mapping Agency | url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/relief/ETOPO5/GAZETEER/BGNGAZ/BGNGAZ.TXT | accessdate=2006-06-22}}</ref> is a [[coral reef]] off the coast of [[Florida]] stretching from [[South Miami]] to [[Boca Raton]], in the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. It lies in depths of {{convert|650|to|2000|ft|m}} on top of a geological formation known as the Miami Terrace, a {{convert|65|km|mi|adj=on|order=flip}} long shelf about {{convert|15|mi|km|0}} off shore.<ref name="HBOI PR 31 May 2006">{{cite press release | publisher=Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution | date=2006-05-31 | title=Harbor Branch Team to Conduct First Comprehensive Monitoring Survey of Deepwater Reefs | url=http://www.hboi.edu/news/press/may3106.html | accessdate=2006-06-21}}</ref> Much of the platform remains unexplored, and new portions of the reef are still being discovered. University of Miami researchers discovered new reef sites there in December 2005.<ref name="HBOI PR 17 May 2006">{{cite press release | publisher=Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution | date=2006-05-17 | title=Drug Discovery Team to Explore Newly Discovered Deep-sea Reefs | url=http://www.hboi.edu/news/press/may1706.html | accessdate=2006-06-21}}</ref>
[[Image:Bamboo coral miami terrace.jpg|250px|right|thumb|[[Bamboo coral]]s on Miami Terrace Reef 15&nbsp;miles off the coast of Miami, Florida. ''Image courtesy of NOAA Ocean Explorer'']]The '''Miami Terrace Reef''' ({{coord|25|45|N|79|55|W|}})<ref name="DOD DMA Undersea features">{{cite web | title=Gazetteer of Undersea Features | work=Department of Defense, Defense Mapping Agency | url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/relief/ETOPO5/GAZETEER/BGNGAZ/BGNGAZ.TXT | accessdate=2006-06-22}}</ref> is a [[coral reef]] off the coast of [[Florida]] stretching from [[South Miami]] to [[Boca Raton]], in the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. It lies in depths of {{convert|650|to|2000|ft|m}} on top of a geological formation known as the Miami Terrace, a {{convert|65|km|mi|adj=on|order=flip}} long shelf about {{convert|15|mi|km|0}} off shore.<ref name="HBOI PR 31 May 2006">{{cite press release | publisher=Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution | date=2006-05-31 | title=Harbor Branch Team to Conduct First Comprehensive Monitoring Survey of Deepwater Reefs | url=http://www.hboi.edu/news/press/may3106.html | accessdate=2006-06-21}}</ref> Much of the platform remains unexplored, and new portions of the reef are still being discovered. University of Miami researchers discovered new reef sites there in December 2005.<ref name="HBOI PR 17 May 2006">{{cite press release | publisher=Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution | date=2006-05-17 | title=Drug Discovery Team to Explore Newly Discovered Deep-sea Reefs | url=http://www.hboi.edu/news/press/may1706.html | accessdate=2006-06-21}}</ref>


The terrace consists of long and well-defined<ref name="@Sea Frontiers Day 6">{{cite web | title=Day 6: Exploring Unknown Deep-Sea Biomedical Resources | work=@Sea Florida Frontiers | url=http://www.at-sea.org/missions/floridafrontiers/day6.html | accessdate=2006-06-22}}</ref> rocky ridges made of limestone that provide a habitat for many types of corals, sponges, and fish.<ref name="NOAA Deep Corals Expedition">{{cite web | title=2005 Deep Corals Expedition | work=NOAA Ocean Explorer | url=http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05deepcorals/background/habitat_differences/habitats.html | accessdate=2006-06-22}}</ref> Fish species observed there include wreckfish, barrelfish, and bright red alphonsinos.<ref name="NOAA Deep Predators">{{cite web | title=Deep Predators of the Miami Terrace | work=NOAA Ocean Explorer | url=http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05deepcorals/logs/nov18/nov18.html | accessdate=2006-06-22}}</ref> Recently observed intertebrate species have included Lophelia pertusa coral, stylasterine hydrocoral (Stylasteridae), [[bamboo coral]] (Isididae), and various sponges and octocorals. Motile invertebrates such as crabs and urchins have also been observed there, including Asteroporpa sp. ophiuroids, Stylocidaris sp. urchins, Mollusca, Actiniaria, and Decapoda crustaceans (Chaceon fenneri and Galatheidae).<ref name="SAFMC Recommendations">{{Cite journal |author1=Louis Daniel |author2=George Geiger |author3=Robert K. Mahood |author4=Gregg T. Waugh | title=Overview & Recommendations of the Joint Meeting of the Habitat Advistory Panel and Coral Advisory Panel | publisher=South Atlantic Fishery Management Council | date=October 28, 2004 | url=http://www.safmc.net/Portals/0/DWCRecsHabAP04.pdf | accessdate=2006-06-22 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060819110852/http://www.safmc.net/Portals/0/DWCRecsHabAP04.pdf <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2006-08-19}}</ref>
The terrace consists of long and well-defined<ref name="@Sea Frontiers Day 6">{{cite web | title=Day 6: Exploring Unknown Deep-Sea Biomedical Resources | work=@Sea Florida Frontiers | url=http://www.at-sea.org/missions/floridafrontiers/day6.html | accessdate=2006-06-22}}</ref> rocky ridges made of limestone that provide a habitat for many types of corals, sponges, and fish.<ref name="NOAA Deep Corals Expedition">{{cite web | title=2005 Deep Corals Expedition | work=NOAA Ocean Explorer | url=http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05deepcorals/background/habitat_differences/habitats.html | accessdate=2006-06-22}}</ref> Fish species observed there include wreckfish, barrelfish, and bright red alphonsinos.<ref name="NOAA Deep Predators">{{cite web | title=Deep Predators of the Miami Terrace | work=NOAA Ocean Explorer | url=http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05deepcorals/logs/nov18/nov18.html | accessdate=2006-06-22}}</ref> Recently observed intertebrate species have included Lophelia pertusa coral, stylasterine hydrocoral (Stylasteridae), [[bamboo coral]] (Isididae), and various sponges and octocorals. Motile invertebrates such as crabs and urchins have also been observed there, including Asteroporpa sp. ophiuroids, Stylocidaris sp. urchins, Mollusca, Actiniaria, and Decapoda crustaceans (Chaceon fenneri and Galatheidae).<ref name="SAFMC Recommendations">{{Cite journal|author1=Louis Daniel |author2=George Geiger |author3=Robert K. Mahood |author4=Gregg T. Waugh |title=Overview & Recommendations of the Joint Meeting of the Habitat Advistory Panel and Coral Advisory Panel |publisher=South Atlantic Fishery Management Council |date=October 28, 2004 |url=http://www.safmc.net/Portals/0/DWCRecsHabAP04.pdf |accessdate=2006-06-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819110852/http://www.safmc.net/Portals/0/DWCRecsHabAP04.pdf |archivedate=August 19, 2006 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>


[[Coral]]s on the terrace are vulnerable to the effects of [[bottom trawling]] and dredging,<ref name="National Research Council Report">{{cite web | title=Effects of Trawling and Dredging on Seafloor Habitat | work=National Academies Press, National Research Council | url=http://newton.nap.edu/books/0309083400/html/R1.html | accessdate=2006-09-27}}</ref> and the Miami Terrace has been proposed for protection from these activities.
[[Coral]]s on the terrace are vulnerable to the effects of [[bottom trawling]] and dredging,<ref name="National Research Council Report">{{cite web | title=Effects of Trawling and Dredging on Seafloor Habitat | work=National Academies Press, National Research Council | url=http://newton.nap.edu/books/0309083400/html/R1.html | accessdate=2006-09-27}}</ref> and the Miami Terrace has been proposed for protection from these activities.
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* The NOAA Ocean Explorer [http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05deepcorals/welcome.html Florida Coast Deep Corals 2005] expedition web site.
* The NOAA Ocean Explorer [http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05deepcorals/welcome.html Florida Coast Deep Corals 2005] expedition web site.
* Underwater video clips: [http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05deepcorals/logs/nov20/media/movies/deep_coral_diversity_video.html Florida Coast Deep Corals 2005], NOAA Ocean Explorer
* Underwater video clips: [http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05deepcorals/logs/nov20/media/movies/deep_coral_diversity_video.html Florida Coast Deep Corals 2005], NOAA Ocean Explorer
* Proposed protection for the Miami Terrace and other deep water coral areas in the region: [http://www.safmc.net/HabitatManagement/DeepwaterCorals/Lophelia/tabid/247/Default.aspx#CHAPC South Atlantic Fishery Management Council]
* Proposed protection for the Miami Terrace and other deep water coral areas in the region: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120204213030/http://www.safmc.net/HabitatManagement/DeepwaterCorals/Lophelia/tabid/247/Default.aspx#CHAPC#CHAPC South Atlantic Fishery Management Council]


[[Category:Coral reefs of Florida]]
[[Category:Coral reefs of Florida]]

Revision as of 08:06, 22 May 2017

Bamboo corals on Miami Terrace Reef 15 miles off the coast of Miami, Florida. Image courtesy of NOAA Ocean Explorer

The Miami Terrace Reef (25°45′N 79°55′W / 25.750°N 79.917°W / 25.750; -79.917)[1] is a coral reef off the coast of Florida stretching from South Miami to Boca Raton, in the Atlantic Ocean. It lies in depths of 650 to 2,000 feet (200 to 610 m) on top of a geological formation known as the Miami Terrace, a 40-mile (65 km) long shelf about 15 miles (24 km) off shore.[2] Much of the platform remains unexplored, and new portions of the reef are still being discovered. University of Miami researchers discovered new reef sites there in December 2005.[3]

The terrace consists of long and well-defined[4] rocky ridges made of limestone that provide a habitat for many types of corals, sponges, and fish.[5] Fish species observed there include wreckfish, barrelfish, and bright red alphonsinos.[6] Recently observed intertebrate species have included Lophelia pertusa coral, stylasterine hydrocoral (Stylasteridae), bamboo coral (Isididae), and various sponges and octocorals. Motile invertebrates such as crabs and urchins have also been observed there, including Asteroporpa sp. ophiuroids, Stylocidaris sp. urchins, Mollusca, Actiniaria, and Decapoda crustaceans (Chaceon fenneri and Galatheidae).[7]

Corals on the terrace are vulnerable to the effects of bottom trawling and dredging,[8] and the Miami Terrace has been proposed for protection from these activities.

History

Studies done primarily by the University of Miami (UM) in the 1970s surveyed the Miami Terrace geological formation. Biologists also retrieved samples of reef fauna.[7] John Reed, with Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, observed dense aggregations of 50 to 100 wreckfish there in May 2004 during a submersible dive.[5] A UM team with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations Ocean Exploration program discovered[9] new reef sites there in December 2005 using an autonomous underwater vehicle.[10]

Location of the Miami Terrace Reef. Image courtesy of NOAA Ocean Explorer (cropped).

Conservation

The Miami Terrace and other areas of deep sea coral can be damaged by certain kinds of fishing gear such as bottom trawling or dredging.[8] Areas on the Miami Terrace and a series of biogeographically similar areas were approved in 2004 for protection from these activities through the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council but were never finalized. Neighboring coral areas that have also been considered for protection include the Pourtales Terrace to the south, an area known as Savannah-East Florida, and Stetson Reef to the north.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Gazetteer of Undersea Features". Department of Defense, Defense Mapping Agency. Retrieved 2006-06-22.
  2. ^ "Harbor Branch Team to Conduct First Comprehensive Monitoring Survey of Deepwater Reefs" (Press release). Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution. 2006-05-31. Retrieved 2006-06-21.
  3. ^ "Drug Discovery Team to Explore Newly Discovered Deep-sea Reefs" (Press release). Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution. 2006-05-17. Retrieved 2006-06-21.
  4. ^ "Day 6: Exploring Unknown Deep-Sea Biomedical Resources". @Sea Florida Frontiers. Retrieved 2006-06-22.
  5. ^ a b "2005 Deep Corals Expedition". NOAA Ocean Explorer. Retrieved 2006-06-22.
  6. ^ "Deep Predators of the Miami Terrace". NOAA Ocean Explorer. Retrieved 2006-06-22.
  7. ^ a b Louis Daniel; George Geiger; Robert K. Mahood; Gregg T. Waugh (October 28, 2004). "Overview & Recommendations of the Joint Meeting of the Habitat Advistory Panel and Coral Advisory Panel" (PDF). South Atlantic Fishery Management Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 19, 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-22. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ a b "Effects of Trawling and Dredging on Seafloor Habitat". National Academies Press, National Research Council. Retrieved 2006-09-27.
  9. ^ "Search For Bumps And Pits On The Bottom". NOAA Ocean Explorer. Retrieved 2006-06-22.
  10. ^ "Florida Deep Corals 2005". NOAA Ocean Explorer. Retrieved 2006-06-22.
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