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Originally, the game's developers envisioned Abe and a mule-like creature called "Elum" beginning the game together, living off the land and being thrust into an industrialized factory slave environment. The developers came to the conclusion that the story was stronger should Abe come from a factory existence and later reveal one of self-sustenance, and as such the concept was eventually changed.<ref name=Art>Ballistic Publishing, ''The Art of Oddworld: The First Ten Years 1994–2004''</ref> In this game, Abe tells his story in [[Flashback (narrative)|flashback]], which helps the player identify with him as the protagonist.<ref name=Thomas>Thomas, Maureen, François Penz, 2003, [https://books.google.com/books?id=_UozK9smjVcC Architectures of Illusion: From Motion Pictures to Navigable Interactive Environments], Intellect Books</ref> Abe's abilities include chanting, which permits him to take over the mind of some of his enemies. He can also jump, climb, run, and sneak in shadows.<ref name=DeMaria>DeMaria, Rusel, Johnny L. Wilson, 2003, [https://books.google.com/books?id=HJNvZLvpCEQC High Score! The Illustrated History of Electronic Games], McGraw-Hill Professional</ref>
Originally, the game's developers envisioned Abe and a mule-like creature called "Elum" beginning the game together, living off the land and being thrust into an industrialized factory slave environment. The developers came to the conclusion that the story was stronger should Abe come from a factory existence and later reveal one of self-sustenance, and as such the concept was eventually changed.<ref name=Art>Ballistic Publishing, ''The Art of Oddworld: The First Ten Years 1994–2004''</ref> In this game, Abe tells his story in [[Flashback (narrative)|flashback]], which helps the player identify with him as the protagonist.<ref name=Thomas>Thomas, Maureen, François Penz, 2003, [https://books.google.com/books?id=_UozK9smjVcC Architectures of Illusion: From Motion Pictures to Navigable Interactive Environments], Intellect Books</ref> Abe's abilities include chanting, which permits him to take over the mind of some of his enemies. He can also jump, climb, run, and sneak in shadows.<ref name=DeMaria>DeMaria, Rusel, Johnny L. Wilson, 2003, [https://books.google.com/books?id=HJNvZLvpCEQC High Score! The Illustrated History of Electronic Games], McGraw-Hill Professional</ref>


Abe's appearance, resembling that of a [[Grey alien]], includes large bulbous eyes, large forehead, a skinny frame, and a bald head with a tuft of hair.<ref name=Schott/><ref name=Rollings>Rollings, Andrew and Ernest Adams, 2003, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Qc19ChiOUI4C Andrew Rollings and Ernest Adams on Game Design], New Riders</ref><ref name=games1>{{cite web|url=http://www.games.net/external/103694/15733/ext/oddworld-abes-exoddus/ |title=Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee Review |publisher=Games.net |date=2014-01-07 |accessdate=2014-01-11}}</ref> His depiction is humorous.<ref name=Schott>Carr, Diane, David Buckingham, Andrew Burn, Gareth Schott, 2006, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WSp7uW75TrYC Computer Games: Text, Narrative and Play], Polity</ref> Despite his unusual appearance, which is unlike the "typically cute" platform characters, Abe appeals to a wide range of video game players.<ref name=Rollings/><ref name=games1/> His design was meant to look downtrodden, but optimistic.<ref name="Oddworld Q&A">{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/GameNotLoaded/posts/540623319359098 |title=Q&A From Oddworld Inhabitants |publisher=Facebook |date=2013-11-03 |accessdate=2013-11-04}}</ref> Unlike other Mudokons, Abe has blue or purplish-green skin, bloodshot eyes, and a high ponytail.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oddworld.com/2013/03/dear-alf-march-2013-volume-1/#more-2096 |title=Dear Alf March 2013 (Volume 1) |publisher=Oddworld Inhabitants |date=2013-03-01 |accessdate=2013-03-01}}</ref> The stitches on his lips were given to him because he cried excessively after birth and they were a measure to keep him quiet, though he keeps them now because they were given to him at such a young age before he was "awake enough, conscious enough as a person to really understand why he had these, but it's something that he feels is apart of him, so he doesn't want to snip loose".<ref name="Icons Part 1">{{cite episode |title=Oddworld Inhabitants |series=[[Icons (TV series)|Icons]] |network=[[G4 (U.S. TV channel)|G4]] |airdate=May 1, 2002}}</ref> His skin has three mystical tattoos that grow over his body gradually: one on the back of each hand and one on his chest.<ref name=stats>[http://www.oddworld.com/firsttenyears/universe/native/characters/mudokons/ow_abe_stats.html Abe, stats] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720104513/http://www.oddworld.com/firsttenyears/universe/native/characters/mudokons/ow_abe_stats.html |date=July 20, 2006 }}, Oddworld Official Site.</ref> Mudokon spirits have given him invisibility for short periods; he is sometimes able to incarnate the Mudokon god Shrykull;<ref name=bio>[http://www.oddworld.com/firsttenyears/universe/native/characters/mudokons/ow_abe_bio.html Abe biography], Official Oddworld Website.</ref> and background Mudokons assist him with other powers.
Abe's appearance, resembling that of a [[Grey alien]], includes large bulbous eyes, large forehead, a skinny frame, and a bald head with a tuft of hair.<ref name=Schott/><ref name=Rollings>Rollings, Andrew and Ernest Adams, 2003, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Qc19ChiOUI4C Andrew Rollings and Ernest Adams on Game Design], New Riders</ref><ref name=games1>{{cite web|url=http://www.games.net/external/103694/15733/ext/oddworld-abes-exoddus/ |title=Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee Review |publisher=Games.net |date=2014-01-07 |accessdate=2014-01-11}}</ref> His depiction is humorous.<ref name=Schott>Carr, Diane, David Buckingham, Andrew Burn, Gareth Schott, 2006, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WSp7uW75TrYC Computer Games: Text, Narrative and Play], Polity</ref> Despite his unusual appearance, which is unlike the "typically cute" platform characters, Abe appeals to a wide range of video game players.<ref name=Rollings/><ref name=games1/> His design was meant to look downtrodden, but optimistic.<ref name="Oddworld Q&A">{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/GameNotLoaded/posts/540623319359098 |title=Q&A From Oddworld Inhabitants |publisher=Facebook |date=2013-11-03 |accessdate=2013-11-04}}</ref> Unlike other Mudokons, Abe has blue or purplish-green skin, bloodshot eyes, and a high ponytail.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oddworld.com/2013/03/dear-alf-march-2013-volume-1/#more-2096 |title=Dear Alf March 2013 (Volume 1) |publisher=Oddworld Inhabitants |date=2013-03-01 |accessdate=2013-03-01}}</ref> The stitches on his lips were given to him because he cried excessively after birth and they were a measure to keep him quiet, though he keeps them now because they were given to him at such a young age before he was "awake enough, conscious enough as a person to really understand why he had these, but it's something that he feels is apart of him, so he doesn't want to snip loose".<ref name="Icons Part 1">{{cite episode |title=Oddworld Inhabitants |series=[[Icons (TV series)|Icons]] |network=[[G4 (U.S. TV channel)|G4]] |airdate=May 1, 2002}}</ref> His skin has three mystical tattoos that grow over his body gradually: one on the back of each hand and one on his chest.<ref name=stats>[http://www.oddworld.com/firsttenyears/universe/native/characters/mudokons/ow_abe_stats.html Abe, stats] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720104513/http://www.oddworld.com/firsttenyears/universe/native/characters/mudokons/ow_abe_stats.html |date=July 20, 2006 }}, Oddworld Official Site.</ref> Mudokon spirits have given him invisibility for short periods; he is sometimes able to incarnate the Mudokon god Shrykull;<ref name=bio>[http://www.oddworld.com/firsttenyears/universe/native/characters/mudokons/ow_abe_bio.html Abe biography] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720104338/http://oddworld.com/firsttenyears/universe/native/characters/mudokons/ow_abe_bio.html |date=2006-07-20 }}, Official Oddworld Website.</ref> and background Mudokons assist him with other powers.


Abe, and all Mudokons, is slow-witted, lazy, and optimistic. He also lacks imagination, logic, intelligence, and confidence. He has a powerful sense of morality,<ref name=stats/> and is usually moved by threats of his own peril, or knowledge of another's. His manner of operation is to infiltrate and sabotage his enemies' businesses, wherein consists most of the gameplay. In the background story, Abe becomes the leader of the "Free Mudokon Party" (also known as "The Marching Mudokons"),<ref name=stats/> the Mudokons’ uprising against their captors, the Magog Cartel. He generally operates alone but is occasionally aided by friends.
Abe, and all Mudokons, is slow-witted, lazy, and optimistic. He also lacks imagination, logic, intelligence, and confidence. He has a powerful sense of morality,<ref name=stats/> and is usually moved by threats of his own peril, or knowledge of another's. His manner of operation is to infiltrate and sabotage his enemies' businesses, wherein consists most of the gameplay. In the background story, Abe becomes the leader of the "Free Mudokon Party" (also known as "The Marching Mudokons"),<ref name=stats/> the Mudokons’ uprising against their captors, the Magog Cartel. He generally operates alone but is occasionally aided by friends.

Revision as of 07:03, 25 June 2017

Abe
'Oddworld' character
File:AbeMukodon.png
Abe as seen in promotional artwork
First gameOddworld: Abe's Oddysee (1997)
Created byLorne Lanning

Abe is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Oddworld video game series, created by Oddworld Inhabitants. Abe was introduced in the 1997 game Abe's Oddysee and his character has changed and developed throughout the subsequent games, Abe's Exoddus and Munch's Oddysee.

Abe, a creature known as a Mudokon, initially works as a slave for the meat-processing plant RuptureFarms until his eventual escape. An atypical video game character, he does not fight or use any weapons, instead employing stealth and a unique ability to control his enemies' minds.

The character was well received by critics. Along with Spyro the Dragon and Crash Bandicoot, Abe was one of the unofficial mascots of the PlayStation and was an example of the PlayStation's more mature style of platformers.

Character conception and development

Abe is the most strongly developed central character of the Oddworld series. He was inspired by the diamond miners of South Africa, who along with other indigenous peoples have suffered the ruthless harvesting of their land and people by industrial profiteers.[2] He evolves and develops throughout the first game, Abe's Oddysee.[3] He is initially a slave along with his fellow Mudokons, but escapes.[4] The game's narrative and its main character deal with ethical and moral issues. Lorne Lanning, Oddworld's creator, has stated that its "characters are driven in a way that is fired by larger issues."[4] Abe was the first protagonist that Oddworld Inhabitants developed.[5] Lanning stated that Abe was named after Abraham of the Old Testament, because of the similarities between Abe trying to discover himself and for what he believes was the difficulty in trying to determine the true source of Abraham's discovery of monotheism:

In the Hebrew version, he was plagerized [sic] from the first true father of monotheism, King Tut's father... and the lies and distortions of history leave us with a lump of truth so distorted, we can't find the original context any longer. Abe, in this case, was named such as a being that is trying to find out who he really is and what is it that he should really believe... So I felt Abe being such a pivotal figure in religious history (and massively represented one) was a perfect place to start for our first hero.

— Lorne Lanning, Reddit [6]

Originally, the game's developers envisioned Abe and a mule-like creature called "Elum" beginning the game together, living off the land and being thrust into an industrialized factory slave environment. The developers came to the conclusion that the story was stronger should Abe come from a factory existence and later reveal one of self-sustenance, and as such the concept was eventually changed.[7] In this game, Abe tells his story in flashback, which helps the player identify with him as the protagonist.[8] Abe's abilities include chanting, which permits him to take over the mind of some of his enemies. He can also jump, climb, run, and sneak in shadows.[9]

Abe's appearance, resembling that of a Grey alien, includes large bulbous eyes, large forehead, a skinny frame, and a bald head with a tuft of hair.[4][10][11] His depiction is humorous.[4] Despite his unusual appearance, which is unlike the "typically cute" platform characters, Abe appeals to a wide range of video game players.[10][11] His design was meant to look downtrodden, but optimistic.[2] Unlike other Mudokons, Abe has blue or purplish-green skin, bloodshot eyes, and a high ponytail.[12] The stitches on his lips were given to him because he cried excessively after birth and they were a measure to keep him quiet, though he keeps them now because they were given to him at such a young age before he was "awake enough, conscious enough as a person to really understand why he had these, but it's something that he feels is apart of him, so he doesn't want to snip loose".[13] His skin has three mystical tattoos that grow over his body gradually: one on the back of each hand and one on his chest.[14] Mudokon spirits have given him invisibility for short periods; he is sometimes able to incarnate the Mudokon god Shrykull;[15] and background Mudokons assist him with other powers.

Abe, and all Mudokons, is slow-witted, lazy, and optimistic. He also lacks imagination, logic, intelligence, and confidence. He has a powerful sense of morality,[14] and is usually moved by threats of his own peril, or knowledge of another's. His manner of operation is to infiltrate and sabotage his enemies' businesses, wherein consists most of the gameplay. In the background story, Abe becomes the leader of the "Free Mudokon Party" (also known as "The Marching Mudokons"),[14] the Mudokons’ uprising against their captors, the Magog Cartel. He generally operates alone but is occasionally aided by friends.

Appearances

In video games

At the beginning of Abe's Oddysee, Abe is a happy, ignorant worker at RuptureFarms, a meat-packing plant.[4] Working late at RuptureFarms, Abe passes an advertisement billboard for the upcoming latest product, and eavesdrops on the factory’s annual board meeting. Because wildlife have become depleted, Abe's boss Molluck the Glukkon has decided to use the factory's Mudokon slaves as a source of saleable meat: "Mudokon Pops!".[16] After this epiphany (reminiscent of the end of the film Soylent Green),[3] Abe panics and escapes from his workplace. At the end of the game's introductory sequence-[4] a retrospective voiced by Abe-[17] Abe runs for his life.[4] Outside the factory, Abe falls from a cliff, and the Mudokons’ spiritual leader, Big Face, informs him that the animals slaughtered and processed to manufacture 'Tasty Treats', were formerly held sacred by the Mudokuns, and that Abe must relight holy flames extinguished by the Glukkons, in the abandoned temples containing these species. Abe does this with the aid of his steed 'Elum', and is thereafter empowered by Big Face to destroy the Glukkons and their technology. This done, Abe infiltrates RuptureFarms, frees the remaining slaves, and destroys the board of executives; but is himself captured by Molluck's security guards. If a sufficient number of Mudokuns have been rescued in gameplay, the free Modokuns electrocute Molluck, and Big Face presents Abe to a jubilant crowd; if not, the free Modokuns abandon Abe, and Molluck's servitor drops him into a shredding-machine.

Abe's Oddysee was very popular, and the bonus game Oddworld: Abe's Exoddus was released the following year.[4] Abe's Exoddus begins where Abe's Oddysee ends.[18] Abe's abilities in this game were similar to his abilities in the first game,[9] with an expanded ability to communicate with other characters in the world using GameSpeak.[8] In this game, ghostly Mudokuns [15] inform Abe that the cemetery 'Necrum' is being excavated by Glukkons, using blind Mudokons as slaves.[16] Abe therefore seeks a cure to the sickness caused by the SoulStorm brew created from the excavated bones, and then journeys to SoulStorm Brewery,[19] which he destroys. He is named a wanted terrorist by the Glukkons, but is revered as a hero by his own people.

Abe and a new character named Munch are playable in Oddworld: Munch's Oddysee.[9][20] Not long after the events of Abe's Exoddus, Abe helps Munch (the last living remnant of an amphibious race called the Gabbits) to save the last eggs of Munch's species from being eaten by the Glukkons.

In other media

A short film based on the Abe's Exoddus storyline was submitted for Academy Awards consideration after a short cinema run in Los Angeles, but was not nominated.[21] Abe featured in a music video for "Get Freaky", a song by German dance band Music Instructor,[22] and in a music video for the song "Use Your Imagination" in 2002.[23] In 2012, Oddworld Inhabitants has expressed interest in having Abe be part of the cast of PlayStation All-Stars Battle Royale for PS3 either as part of the main roster or as a downloadable character.

Reception

The character was well received. In 1998, he was voted at GameSpot as the 10th best video game hero, with a comment: "With his klutzy, benign charm and his innovative and surprisingly sophisticated means of interacting with his environment and other characters, Abe sets himself apart as one of the best and most memorable game heroes out there."[24] In 2008, he ranked fourth on GameDaily's list of top ten ugliest game characters for his "freaky hairstyle, bug-eyed expression and weird nose piercing".[25] In 2009, Abe (described as "a resilient hero with a lot of heart"[26]) qualified as one of 64 contestants for the GameSpot's poll for the title of All Time Greatest Video Game Hero, but lost in the first round of eliminations against Ryu of Street Fighter.[27] In 2011, he was also ranked as sixth in the list of ten "really ugly good guys" by Complex[28] and as the fifth most unlikely "badass in gaming" by GamesRadar.[29] In 2012, GamesRadar ranked this "one of the unlikeliest heroes in all of gaming" as the 20th "most memorable, influential, and badass" protagonist in games, commenting: "Gentle, intelligent, and somehow able to make fart jokes funny again, Abe is the kind of game hero we want to befriend in real life."[30]

References

  1. ^ Lopez, Vincent, Oddworld: Munch's Oddysee: Does Munch live up to Abe's legacy?, IGN.
  2. ^ a b "Q&A From Oddworld Inhabitants". Facebook. 2013-11-03. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
  3. ^ a b Carr, Diane, Andrew Burn, Gareth Schott, David Buckingham, Textuality in Video Games, Utrecht University and Digital Games Research Association
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Carr, Diane, David Buckingham, Andrew Burn, Gareth Schott, 2006, Computer Games: Text, Narrative and Play, Polity
  5. ^ The Art of Oddworld Inhabitants, Portland Mercury
  6. ^ "IAm Lorne Lanning, creator of Oddworld and Stewart Gilray, Creative Director at Oddworld Inhabitants AmA!". Reddit. 2012-12-20. Retrieved 2013-01-26.
  7. ^ Ballistic Publishing, The Art of Oddworld: The First Ten Years 1994–2004
  8. ^ a b Thomas, Maureen, François Penz, 2003, Architectures of Illusion: From Motion Pictures to Navigable Interactive Environments, Intellect Books
  9. ^ a b c DeMaria, Rusel, Johnny L. Wilson, 2003, High Score! The Illustrated History of Electronic Games, McGraw-Hill Professional
  10. ^ a b Rollings, Andrew and Ernest Adams, 2003, Andrew Rollings and Ernest Adams on Game Design, New Riders
  11. ^ a b "Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee Review". Games.net. 2014-01-07. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
  12. ^ "Dear Alf March 2013 (Volume 1)". Oddworld Inhabitants. 2013-03-01. Retrieved 2013-03-01.
  13. ^ "Oddworld Inhabitants". Icons. May 1, 2002. G4.
  14. ^ a b c Abe, stats Archived July 20, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Oddworld Official Site.
  15. ^ a b Abe biography Archived 2006-07-20 at the Wayback Machine, Official Oddworld Website.
  16. ^ a b White, Jason, Oddworld Adventures 2, All Game.
  17. ^ Clarke, Andy, Grethe Mitchell, 2007, Videogames and Art, Intellect Books.
  18. ^ Something strange is brewing in 'Oddworld: Abe's Exoddus', CNN.
  19. ^ Huey, Christian, Oddworld: Abe's Exoddus, All Game.
  20. ^ "Oddworld: Munch's Oddysee Review". Games.net. 2014-01-07. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
  21. ^ "OOddworld Tries for Oscars - PC News at IGN". Pc.ign.com. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
  22. ^ GT Interactive and Oddworld Inhabitants Ship 'Oddworld: Abe's Exoddus' for PlayStation Game Console, Business Wire.
  23. ^ Ballistic Publishing, The Art of Oddworld: The First Ten Years 1994–2004, page 233
  24. ^ "Readers' Choice - Best Heroes". Web.archive.org. 1999-10-12. Archived from the original on September 15, 2013. Retrieved 2014-01-11. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ "Top 10 Ugliest Game Characters - Page 7". GameDaily. Archived from the original on 2009-11-02. Retrieved 2009-08-07.
  26. ^ All Time Greatest Video Game Hero contest at GameSpot.com Archived November 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^ All Time Greatest Video Game Hero contest at GameSpot.com - Standings Archived October 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ "Abe - Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee — 10 Really Ugly Good Guys". Complex. 2011-09-21. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
  29. ^ Jim Sterling (2012-06-23). "Page 2 - The Top 7… Unlikeliest badasses in ..." GamesRadar. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
  30. ^ 100 best heroes in video games, GamesRadar, October 19, 2012
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