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'''''Diospyros sandwicensis''''' is a species of [[Flowering plant|flowering]] [[tree]] in the [[Diospyros ebenum|ebony]] family, [[Ebenaceae]], that is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Hawaii]]. Its common name, '''''lama''''', also means enlightenment in [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]]. ''Lama'' is a small to medium-sized tree, with a height of {{convert|6|-|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} and a trunk diameter of {{convert|0.3|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name="CFTH">{{cite web |url=http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Diospyros_sandwicensis.pdf |format=[[PDF]] |title=Lama |first=Elbert L. |last=Little Jr. |author2=Roger G. Skolmen |work=Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced) |publisher=[[United States Forest Service]] |year=1989}}</ref> It can be found in [[Hawaiian tropical dry forests|dry]], [[Hawaiian tropical rainforests#Coastal mesic forests|coastal mesic]], [[Hawaiian tropical rainforests#Mixed mesic forests|mixed mesic]], and [[Hawaiian tropical rainforests#Wet forests|wet forests]] at elevations of {{convert|5|–|1220|m|ft|abbr=on}} on all major islands.<ref name="Bishop">{{cite web |url=http://data.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/ethnobotany.php?b=d&ID=lama |title=lama, elama |work=Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database |publisher=[[Bernice P. Bishop Museum]] |accessdate=2013-07-22}}</ref> ''Lama'' and ''olopua'' (''[[Nestegis sandwicensis]]'') are dominant species in lowland dry forests on the islands of [[Maui]], [[Molokai|Moloka{{okina}}i]], [[Kahoolawe|Kaho{{okina}}olawe]], and [[Lanai|Lāna{{okina}}i]].<ref>{{cite paper |url=http://www.state.hi.us/dlnr/dofaw/pubs/Kanepuu%20LRMP%20FY05-10.pdf |format=[[PDF]] |author=[[The Nature Conservancy]] – Hawaiʻi Operating Unit |title=Kānepuʻu Preserve Lānaʻi, Hawaiʻi Long-Range Management Plan Fiscal Years 2005–2010 |publisher=Hawaii Department of Land & Natural Resources Natural Area Partnership Program | date=March 2004 |page=3 |accessdate=2009-04-09}}</ref>
'''''Diospyros sandwicensis''''' is a species of [[Flowering plant|flowering]] [[tree]] in the [[Diospyros ebenum|ebony]] family, [[Ebenaceae]], that is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Hawaii]]. Its common name, '''''lama''''', also means enlightenment in [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]]. ''Lama'' is a small to medium-sized tree, with a height of {{convert|6|-|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} and a trunk diameter of {{convert|0.3|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name="CFTH">{{cite web |url=http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Diospyros_sandwicensis.pdf |format=[[PDF]] |title=Lama |first=Elbert L. |last=Little Jr. |author2=Roger G. Skolmen |work=Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced) |publisher=[[United States Forest Service]] |year=1989}}</ref> It can be found in [[Hawaiian tropical dry forests|dry]], [[Hawaiian tropical rainforests#Coastal mesic forests|coastal mesic]], [[Hawaiian tropical rainforests#Mixed mesic forests|mixed mesic]], and [[Hawaiian tropical rainforests#Wet forests|wet forests]] at elevations of {{convert|5|–|1220|m|ft|abbr=on}} on all major islands.<ref name="Bishop">{{cite web |url=http://data.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/ethnobotany.php?b=d&ID=lama |title=lama, elama |work=Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database |publisher=[[Bernice P. Bishop Museum]] |accessdate=2013-07-22}}</ref> ''Lama'' and ''olopua'' (''[[Nestegis sandwicensis]]'') are dominant species in lowland dry forests on the islands of [[Maui]], [[Molokai|Moloka{{okina}}i]], [[Kahoolawe|Kaho{{okina}}olawe]], and [[Lanai|Lāna{{okina}}i]].<ref>{{cite paper |url=http://www.state.hi.us/dlnr/dofaw/pubs/Kanepuu%20LRMP%20FY05-10.pdf |format=[[PDF]] |author=[[The Nature Conservancy]] – Hawaiʻi Operating Unit |title=Kānepuʻu Preserve Lānaʻi, Hawaiʻi Long-Range Management Plan Fiscal Years 2005–2010 |publisher=Hawaii Department of Land & Natural Resources Natural Area Partnership Program |date=March 2004 |page=3 |accessdate=2009-04-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616065113/http://www.state.hi.us/dlnr/dofaw/pubs/Kanepuu%20LRMP%20FY05-10.pdf |archivedate=2011-06-16 |df= }}</ref>


==Uses==
==Uses==

Revision as of 02:09, 11 September 2017

"Lama (tree)" redirects here. For the closely related species that is restricted to Kauai and Oahu, see Diospyros hillebrandii.

Diospyros sandwicensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Ebenaceae
Genus: Diospyros
Species:
D. sandwicensis
Binomial name
Diospyros sandwicensis
Synonyms

Maba sandwicensis A.DC.
Diospyros ferrea var. sandwicensis (A.DC.) Bakh.

Diospyros sandwicensis is a species of flowering tree in the ebony family, Ebenaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. Its common name, lama, also means enlightenment in Hawaiian. Lama is a small to medium-sized tree, with a height of 6–12 m (20–39 ft) and a trunk diameter of 0.3 m (0.98 ft).[1] It can be found in dry, coastal mesic, mixed mesic, and wet forests at elevations of 5–1,220 m (16–4,003 ft) on all major islands.[2] Lama and olopua (Nestegis sandwicensis) are dominant species in lowland dry forests on the islands of Maui, Molokaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, and Lānaʻi.[3]

Uses

The sapwood of lama is very white and forms a wide band inside the trunk. The heartwood is reddish-brown, fine-textured, straight-grained, and extremely hard.[1] Native Hawaiians made aukā (upright supports) out of lama wood, which were used in hīnaʻi (basket fish trap) construction. The white sapwood represented enlightenment, and thus had many religious uses. The pou (posts), ʻaho (thatching sticks) and oʻa (rafters) of a special building called a hale lau lama were made of the sapwood. A pā lama is a fenced enclosure made from lama sapwood. A block of the sapwood, covered in a yellow kapa and scented with ʻōlena (Curcuma longa), was placed on the kuahu (altar) inside of a hālau hula (building in which hula was performed). This block represented Laka, goddess of hula. The piʻoi (berries) are edible.[4]

  • Fruits
    Fruits
  • Flowers
    Flowers
  • Leaves
    Leaves
  • Bark
    Bark
  • Plant
    Plant

References

  1. ^ a b Little Jr., Elbert L.; Roger G. Skolmen (1989). "Lama" (PDF). Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced). United States Forest Service.
  2. ^ "lama, elama". Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database. Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Retrieved 2013-07-22.
  3. ^ The Nature Conservancy – Hawaiʻi Operating Unit (March 2004). "Kānepuʻu Preserve Lānaʻi, Hawaiʻi Long-Range Management Plan Fiscal Years 2005–2010" (PDF). Hawaii Department of Land & Natural Resources Natural Area Partnership Program: 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-16. Retrieved 2009-04-09. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Medeiros, A. C.; C.F. Davenport; C.G. Chimera (1998). "Auwahi: Ethnobotany of a Hawaiian Dryland Forest" (PDF). Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa: 26–27. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

Media related to Diospyros sandwicensis at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Diospyros sandwicensis at Wikispecies


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