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Since 1989, Zhao founded Eastern Lightning with a few other former members of [[the Shouters]], when he started to claim to be the Almighty God. In 1991, the organization had more than a thousand members. After being investigated and prosecuted by local police station, Zhao left [[Heilongjiang]] and continued the organization in Qingfeng County, [[Henan]].<ref>Emily Dunn ''Lightning from the East: Heterodoxy and Christianity in Contemporary China'' 2015 9004297251 "Other Chinese sources present a far more complex account of Eastern Lightning's origins. They charge a middle-aged man named Zhao Weishan 赵维山, once a physics teacher or railroad worker, with founding the movement. These sources ...was a member of the Shouters in the late 1980s. He left the group with other believers in 1989 to form an offshoot called the Church of the Everlasting Foundation (永存的根基教会 Yongcun de genjijiaohui), in which he presented himself as a “Lord of Ability” ( 能力主 nengli zhu). In May, 1992, a Chinese Christian magazine reported that a group called “the New Church of the Lord of Ability” (新能力主教会 Xin nenglizhu jiaohui) had been distributing tracts and cassette recordings in the southwest Henan since March 1991. "</ref>
Since 1989, Zhao founded Eastern Lightning with a few other former members of [[the Shouters]], when he started to claim to be the Almighty God. In 1991, the organization had more than a thousand members. After being investigated and prosecuted by local police station, Zhao left [[Heilongjiang]] and continued the organization in Qingfeng County, [[Henan]].<ref>Emily Dunn ''Lightning from the East: Heterodoxy and Christianity in Contemporary China'' 2015 9004297251 "Other Chinese sources present a far more complex account of Eastern Lightning's origins. They charge a middle-aged man named Zhao Weishan 赵维山, once a physics teacher or railroad worker, with founding the movement. These sources ...was a member of the Shouters in the late 1980s. He left the group with other believers in 1989 to form an offshoot called the Church of the Everlasting Foundation (永存的根基教会 Yongcun de genjijiaohui), in which he presented himself as a “Lord of Ability” ( 能力主 nengli zhu). In May, 1992, a Chinese Christian magazine reported that a group called “the New Church of the Lord of Ability” (新能力主教会 Xin nenglizhu jiaohui) had been distributing tracts and cassette recordings in the southwest Henan since March 1991. "</ref>


In 1993, Zhao selected 7 followers to be the core leaders of the church, together with himself, the Almighty God. He obtained the highest position in the organization.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.21ccom.net/articles/rwcq/article_20140605107131.html|title=调查手记：赵维山如何就成了"全能神"教主|date=2014-06-05|publisher=-{共識網}-|language=zh-hans|access-date=2015-06-19}}</ref>
In 1993, Zhao selected 7 followers to be the core leaders of the church, together with himself, the Almighty God. He obtained the highest position in the organization.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.21ccom.net/articles/rwcq/article_20140605107131.html|title=调查手记：赵维山如何就成了"全能神"教主|date=2014-06-05|publisher=-{共識網}-|language=zh-hans|access-date=2015-06-19|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304232904/http://www.21ccom.net/articles/rwcq/article_20140605107131.html|archivedate=2016-03-04|df=}}</ref>


In 2000, he used Xu Weishan as his [[pseudonym]] under the track of police. He escaped to [[Tokyo]] and then to the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iask.ca/news/china/2012/1223/173224.html|title=全能神教主赵维山 早就带着情妇出逃美国|date=2012-12-23|publisher=|language=zh-hans|access-date=2015-06-19}}</ref> In 2001, Zhao applied for political asylum in New York where he then established the new headquarters and website. Shortly, Eastern Lightning started to expand in Asian countries including [[Japan]], [[South Korea]], [[Indonesia]] and [[Malaysia]], as well as the [[United States]] and [[Canada]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalpeople.com.cn/index.php/news/cover-story/5185?page=2|title=环球人物独家披露：邪教教主罪恶真相|date=2014-06-13|publisher=環球人物|language=zh-hans|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024045936/http://www.globalpeople.com.cn/index.php/news/cover-story/5185?page=2|archive-date=2014-10-14}}</ref>
In 2000, he used Xu Weishan as his [[pseudonym]] under the track of police. He escaped to [[Tokyo]] and then to the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iask.ca/news/china/2012/1223/173224.html|title=全能神教主赵维山 早就带着情妇出逃美国|date=2012-12-23|publisher=|language=zh-hans|access-date=2015-06-19}}</ref> In 2001, Zhao applied for political asylum in New York where he then established the new headquarters and website. Shortly, Eastern Lightning started to expand in Asian countries including [[Japan]], [[South Korea]], [[Indonesia]] and [[Malaysia]], as well as the [[United States]] and [[Canada]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalpeople.com.cn/index.php/news/cover-story/5185?page=2|title=环球人物独家披露：邪教教主罪恶真相|date=2014-06-13|publisher=環球人物|language=zh-hans|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024045936/http://www.globalpeople.com.cn/index.php/news/cover-story/5185?page=2|archive-date=2014-10-14}}</ref>

Revision as of 09:35, 16 September 2017

Eastern Lightning (Chinese: 东方闪电; pinyin: Dōngfāng Shǎndiàn) is a new Chinese Christian[1][2][3] movement.[4][5][6] Its official name is the Church of Almighty God (Chinese: 全能神教会; pinyin: Quánnéng Shén Jiàohuì),[7] but it is identified by several other names, such as Church of the Gospel's Kingdom (国度福音教会; Guódù fúyīn jiàohuì). The group has been described as a cult[8][9][10] and a terrorist organization.[11][12]

The name "Eastern Lightning" is drawn from the New Testament, Gospel of Matthew 24:27: "For as the lightning cometh out of the east, and shineth even unto the west; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be".

History and beliefs

The denomination was founded in 1990 in Henan by Zhao Weishan (赵维山, born 1951) who later moved to the United States from where he continues to lead the church.[13] The followers believe that the biblical God has returned to earth as a woman named Yang Xiangbin[13] "born to an ordinary family in the northern part of China"[14] in order to guide mankind for the third and final time. According to the group, the first and second times of active guidance of mankind were by Yahweh in the Old Testament and by Jesus in the New Testament.

The group teaches that a woman who styles herself "Almighty God" (全能神), from Zhengzhou, Henan, is the second Christ. Her most widely distributed book, The Word Appears in the Flesh proclaims itself the Word of God. The book claims the first coming of Christ was to redeem humanity, while the second is to judge and purify mankind and defeat Satan. It also claims that those who do not accept her words will receive severe punishment when the judgment ends.

Doomsday prediction

See also: 2012 phenomenon

The faith of Eastern Lightning expresses the belief that the world will end; however, no exact date of the doomsday is explicitly mentioned in its literature. December 21, 2012, was a date referenced by other eschatological religious and spiritual groups.[15] This doomsday apocalypse prediction had wide popular traction in China where the film 2012 was popular and a few entrepreneurs made a profit building and selling "arks" to survive the putative apocalypse. The church held outdoor prayer meetings and passed out pamphlets asserting that joining up would save believers from the end-time apocalypse.[16][17] Immediately prior to the "doomsday" date of December 21, the Chinese government arrested 400 members of Eastern Lightning in central China,[18] and as many as 1000 from others Provinces of China, characterizing this denomination as an "evil cult" (邪教; xiéjiào).[16] The church refers to the Communist Party of China as the “Great Red Dragon” predicted in the Revelation, who comes out in the end time to persecute God’s chosen people. It has also prophesied the destruction of the “Great Red Dragon” by God.[16] The rapid development of this church worries the Chinese government, which fears that it has political purpose and will subvert its rule, as once in history with the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and Qing dynasty.[16][17]

Cult accusations

Most of the information available on Eastern Lightning comes from human rights organizations, the Chinese government, and international Christian groups with connections to Christian communities in China. The Chinese government lists the group as an "evil cult" (邪教; xiéjiào) and has actively tried to suppress it, especially since its millenarian theology takes an explicit stance against the Chinese government.[citation needed]In 2002, for instance, they kidnapped 34 of the leading members of the China Gospel Fellowship and held them for two months.[19]

Christian groups also regard the group as a heretical sect that deserves the label "evil cult" due to the radical differences that separate Eastern Lightning teaching from orthodox Christian doctrine.[7] The group seems to stray from the second Christian doctrine of neighbourly love. The group also uses flirty fishing to attract potential converts.[8]

The Chinese government and other churches have started an information campaign against the group, using posters covering several aspects of the actions of the cult and warns against them.[9]

BBC World Service

The BBC World Service and BBC Radio 4 broadcast a half-hour-long documentary[20][21] emphasising the cult characteristics of Eastern Lightning or the Church of Almighty God, and that it is very widespread in China and of growing concern to the Chinese government. The reporter stressed the aggressiveness of the cult and how widespread it is. A key element of the documentary was the murder of a potential recruit in a McDonald's restaurant by a family of six trying to recruit new members to the church, and since the murder, public outrage has caused the police to carry out more investigations into church activities. The report also indicates difficulties in finding members of the cult willing to explain the workings of the organisation.[9] According to the BBC report, there seems to be no indication that the cult is spreading to other countries yet.

Incidents

In 1998 members of the church triggered eight riots which lasted for twelve days in Hetang county, Henan. They reportedly broke the arms and legs, and cut the ears off their victims.[13]

In 2010 members killed an elementary school student, leaving a lightning-like mark on one of the victim's feet.[13] The police investigation revealed that the boy was killed because one of his relatives, a member of the church, expressed his desire to quit.[13]

In 2012 the church was found to be behind more than 40 riots caused by spreading doomsday rumors and distributing propaganda material.[13] Also in 2012 Ming Yongjun, who said he was motivated by the doomsday prophecies of the church, stabbed an elderly woman and 23 students at a school in Henan province.[13]

In August 2013 members of the church in Shanxi pulled out the eyes of a boy because his family tried to leave the religion.[22]

On May 28, 2014, six members who claimed to be from the Eastern Lightning sparked a national outcry when they attacked and killed a woman at a McDonald's restaurant in Zhaoyuan, Shandong, a city in Shandong Province of China.[9][23] During an interview with a CCTV journalist, Lidong Zhang (张立冬), the lead attacker, claimed that the subject rejected his daughter's request for her phone number and was called a "devil" (邪灵), which prompted the six members to attack. Zhang described in detail how they kept stamping the victim's head to the ground for about three minutes, and that "he felt great", but he deliberately avoided questions on the organization and his rank within the religious group.[24][25][26] Five of them were convicted and on October 10, two were sentenced to death and later executed,[27] one to life imprisonment, and the other two to 7 and 10 years in prison.[28]

On an unknown date, a follower of Eastern Lightning killed her father before calmly turning herself in to the Public Security Bureau.[29]

Zhao Weishan

Template:Chinese name

Zhao Weishan
Founder of Eastern Lightning
Personal details
Born(1951-12-12)December 12, 1951
Acheng District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
Nationality People's Republic of China
ProfessionTeacher
NicknameZhao Kun

Zhao Weishan (Chinese: 赵维山; born December 12, 1951) is the founder of Eastern Lightning. In 1991, his "Yongyuan Church" was accused of being illegal by local government. Zhao moved to the United States in 2000, where he sought for political asylum in June 2001.[30][31]

Biography

Since 1989, Zhao founded Eastern Lightning with a few other former members of the Shouters, when he started to claim to be the Almighty God. In 1991, the organization had more than a thousand members. After being investigated and prosecuted by local police station, Zhao left Heilongjiang and continued the organization in Qingfeng County, Henan.[32]

In 1993, Zhao selected 7 followers to be the core leaders of the church, together with himself, the Almighty God. He obtained the highest position in the organization.[33]

In 2000, he used Xu Weishan as his pseudonym under the track of police. He escaped to Tokyo and then to the United States.[34] In 2001, Zhao applied for political asylum in New York where he then established the new headquarters and website. Shortly, Eastern Lightning started to expand in Asian countries including Japan, South Korea, Indonesia and Malaysia, as well as the United States and Canada.[35]

See also

References

  1. ^ Tiezzi, Shannon (June 3, 2014), China’s Other Religious Problem: Christianity, retrieved June 12, 2015 – via The Diplomat
  2. ^ Monhollon, Tiffany (June 21, 2002). "34 Chinese ministers released from cult kidnapping, e-mail announces". Retrieved June 12, 2015 – via Baptist Press.
  3. ^ "No-cult Zone". August 30, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2015 – via The Economist.
  4. ^ Anderlini, Jamil (December 20, 2012). "China cult targeted as 'doomsday' nears". Retrieved June 12, 2015 – via Financial Times.
  5. ^ Hume, Tim (February 3, 2015). "'Eastern Lightning': The banned religious group that has China worried". Retrieved June 12, 2015 – via CNN.
  6. ^ Shea, Matt (July 31, 2013). "The Cult Who Kidnap Christians and Are at War with the Chinese Government". Retrieved June 12, 2015 – via VICE.
  7. ^ a b Lois Chan and Steve Bright (2005). "Deceived by the Lightning" (PDF). Christian Research Journal. 28 (3).
  8. ^ a b Jamil Anderlini (20 December 2012). "China cult targeted as 'doomsday' nears". Financial Times. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  9. ^ a b c d Carrie Gracie (13 August 2014). "The Chinese cult that kills 'demons'". BBC. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  10. ^ Na, He; Yao, Li; Zhang, Adelina (26 June 2014). "A secretive cult that exploits the weak and vulnerable". China Daily. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
  11. ^ "The Development and Beliefs of the Eastern Lightning Cult". China for Jesus. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
  12. ^ Tiezzi, Shannon (3 June 2014). "China's Other Religious Problem: Christianity". The Diplomat. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g Inside China's Eastern Lightning cult. China People Daily.
  14. ^ Hidden Advent
  15. ^ Hannon, John (December 17, 2012). "China cracking down on doomsday group". Los Angeles Times. Beijing. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
  16. ^ a b c d Andrew Jacobs (December 19, 2012). "Chatter of Doomsday Makes Beijing Nervous". The New York Times. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
  17. ^ a b Dunn, Emily (November 2016). "Reincarnated Religion? The Eschatology of the Church of Almighty God in Comparative Perspective". Studies in World Christianity. 22 (3): 216–233. doi:10.3366/swc.2016.0157.
  18. ^ "400 members of doomsday cult held in central china" article by Sutirtho Patranobis in Hindustan Times, dateline Beijing, December 20, 2012
  19. ^ Aikman, David (1 November 2006). Jesus in Beijing: How Christianity Is Transforming China And Changing the Global Balance of Power. Regnery Publishing. pp. 81, 267. ISBN 978-1-59698-025-9.
  20. ^ "Chasing China's Doomsday Cult". Assignment. BBC World Service. 14 August 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  21. ^ "Chasing China's Doomsday Cult". Crossing Continents. BBC Radio 4. 14 August 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  22. ^ Lai Ting-heng. Chinese doomsday cult expands to Taiwan. Want China Times., 2014-06-02
  23. ^ http://news.sohu.com/20140531/n400285578.shtml
  24. ^ http://video.sina.com.cn/p/news/c/v/2014-05-31/204763980661.html
  25. ^ "Chinese 'cult' members held after a woman is beaten to death". Sydney Morning Herald. June 1, 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  26. ^ "McDonald's murder in China sparks outrage". Reuters. June 1, 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  27. ^ "China executes cult members guilty of McDonald's murder".
  28. ^ "China cult murder trail: Two members sentenced to death". BBC News. 11 October 2014. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
  29. ^ "Chasing China's Doomsday Cult". BBC.
  30. ^ Jason Kindopp, Carol Lee Hamrin God and Caesar in China: Policy Implications of Church-State Tensions 2004 0815796463 "Similarly, a disgruntled Protestant Christian named Zhao Weishan broke from his church to establish the Eastern Lightning cult, also in Henan."
  31. ^ David Aikman Jesus in Beijing: How Christianity Is Transforming China 1596986522 2012 "Some time in the 1990s, the man regarded as the founder of Eastern Lightning, Zhao Weishan, came to the United States with a false passport and applied for—and in 2000 was granted—political asylum. He claimed that his religious faith was .."
  32. ^ Emily Dunn Lightning from the East: Heterodoxy and Christianity in Contemporary China 2015 9004297251 "Other Chinese sources present a far more complex account of Eastern Lightning's origins. They charge a middle-aged man named Zhao Weishan 赵维山, once a physics teacher or railroad worker, with founding the movement. These sources ...was a member of the Shouters in the late 1980s. He left the group with other believers in 1989 to form an offshoot called the Church of the Everlasting Foundation (永存的根基教会 Yongcun de genjijiaohui), in which he presented himself as a “Lord of Ability” ( 能力主 nengli zhu). In May, 1992, a Chinese Christian magazine reported that a group called “the New Church of the Lord of Ability” (新能力主教会 Xin nenglizhu jiaohui) had been distributing tracts and cassette recordings in the southwest Henan since March 1991. "
  33. ^ "调查手记：赵维山如何就成了"全能神"教主" (in Simplified Chinese). -{共識網}-. 2014-06-05. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-06-19. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ "全能神教主赵维山 早就带着情妇出逃美国" (in Simplified Chinese). 2012-12-23. Retrieved 2015-06-19.
  35. ^ "环球人物独家披露：邪教教主罪恶真相" (in Simplified Chinese). 環球人物. 2014-06-13. Archived from the original on 2014-10-14. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 2014-10-24 suggested (help)

Further reading

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Lightning&oldid=800890491"