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'''Dmitry Gennadyevich Gudkov''' ({{lang-ru|Дми́трий Генна́дьевич Гудко́в}}, born 19 January 1980 in [[Kolomna]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dgudkov.livejournal.com/profile |title=User Profile: dgudkov |publisher=LiveJournal |archivedate=28 October 2012 |language=Russian |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BkyT8rVs?url=http://dgudkov.livejournal.com/profile |accessdate=28 October 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> is a Russian politician and opposition leader.<ref >{{cite news|author=|title=Russia votes, but will the Kremlin notice?|url=https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21728701-council-elections-attract-new-crop-russian-civic-activists-russia-votes-will-kremlin|work=[[The Economist]]|date=8 September 2017}}</ref> He was elected as a member of the [[State Duma]] in 2011-2016.<ref name=YPC>{{cite web |url=http://www.molpalata.ru/persons/show/?id=8/ |language=Russian |title=Gudkov, Dmitry G. |publisher=Youth Public Chamber of Russia |archivedate=28 October 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bkyvoime?url=http://www.molpalata.ru/persons/show/?id=8%2F |accessdate=28 October 2012 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> His father, [[Gennady Gudkov]], was also a Duma deputy in 2001&ndash;2012. Both father and son were members of the party [[A Just Russia]].<ref name=E2/> Gudkov was expelled from the party on 13 March 2013 after it accused him of “calling on the American authorities to interfere in Russia’s internal affairs".<ref name=Eejr>[http://mobile.nytimes.com/2013/03/16/world/europe/russian-legislator-accused-of-treason-after-us-visit.html?referer= Russian Legislator Accused of Treason After U.S. Visit], [[The New York Times]] (15 March 2013)</ref><ref>[http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1899860.html ЛДПР настаивает на лишении мандатов авторов законопроекта о продэмбарго]</ref>
'''Dmitry Gennadyevich Gudkov''' ({{lang-ru|Дми́трий Генна́дьевич Гудко́в}}, born 19 January 1980 in [[Kolomna]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dgudkov.livejournal.com/profile |title=User Profile: dgudkov |publisher=LiveJournal |archivedate=28 October 2012 |language=Russian |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BkyT8rVs?url=http://dgudkov.livejournal.com/profile |accessdate=28 October 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> is a Russian politician and opposition leader.<ref >{{cite news|author=|title=Russia votes, but will the Kremlin notice?|url=https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21728701-council-elections-attract-new-crop-russian-civic-activists-russia-votes-will-kremlin|work=[[The Economist]]|date=8 September 2017}}</ref> He was elected as a member of the [[State Duma]] in 2011-2016.<ref name=YPC>{{cite web |url=http://www.molpalata.ru/persons/show/?id=8/ |language=Russian |title=Gudkov, Dmitry G. |publisher=Youth Public Chamber of Russia |archivedate=28 October 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Bkyvoime?url=http://www.molpalata.ru/persons/show/?id=8%2F |accessdate=28 October 2012 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> His father, [[Gennady Gudkov]], was also a Duma deputy in 2001&ndash;2012. Both father and son were members of the party [[A Just Russia]].<ref name=E2/> Gudkov was expelled from the party on 13 March 2013 after it accused him of “calling on the American authorities to interfere in Russia’s internal affairs".<ref name=Eejr>[http://mobile.nytimes.com/2013/03/16/world/europe/russian-legislator-accused-of-treason-after-us-visit.html?referer= Russian Legislator Accused of Treason After U.S. Visit], [[The New York Times]] (15 March 2013)</ref><ref>[http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1899860.html ЛДПР настаивает на лишении мандатов авторов законопроекта о продэмбарго]</ref>


== Background ==
== Education ==
Dmitry Gudkov was born on January 19, 1980 in the city of [[Kolomna]], [[Moscow region]] in the family of Maria Gudkova and [[Gennady Gudkov]]. When his son was born, Gennady Gudkov worked in the Komsomol; in 1981-1992 he served in the [[KGB]], retired in the rank of major, and in the same year he founded the private security company "Oskord", which became a major player at this market by the end of the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itogi.ru/profil/2012/34/181199.html |title=Неисправимый |author=Андрей Владимиров |date=2012-08-20 |publisher=Итоги}}</ref>
Dmitry Gudkov received a degree in journalism from [[Moscow State University]] in 2001. In 2005, he co-founded the Youth Public Chamber of Russia, an NGO with the goal of involving more young people in Russian public life.<ref name=YPC />

In 1996 Dmitry Gudkov graduated from the Moscow school #625 with in-depth study of physics and mathematics and entered the journalism faculty of Moscow State University. In his student years he worked in several publications: he was the editor-in-chief of “Security” - a trade magazine about protection, and also worked in the department of public relations of his father's company. Gudkov made his first steps in politics in 1998-1999, becoming a member of the electoral headquarters of his father in the elections to the [[3rd State Duma]] from Kolomna single-mandate district #106. After graduating from the journalism faculty in 2001, Gudkov went on to do his postgraduate studies, and received a second higher education at the Faculty of World Economy of the [[Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation|Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs]].<ref name=лентапедия>{{cite web |url=https://lenta.ru/lib/14159859/ |title=Гудков, Дмитрий |publisher=Lenta.ru}}</ref>.
[[File:Dmitry Gudkov.jpg|thumb|300px|Dmitry Gudkov during a public gathering in defense of the rights of journalists. Moscow, March 2011]]


== Political activity ==
=== People's Party of the Russian Federation (NPRF), "A Just Russia", youth policy ===

A significant part of his political career, Dmitry Gudkov followed his father. In 2001 Gennady Gudkov won in the by-elections to the 3rd Duma and joined the deputy group "People's Deputy", and Dmitry Gudkov got a job in the staff of this group. In 2003, he followed his father to the [[People's Party of the Russian Federation]] (NPRF): while Gennady Gudkov was deputy chairman of the party, Dmitry Gudkov substituted the head of the press department, and after the father was elected a chairman of the party in April 2004, Dmitry Gudkov was promoted to a position of a head. He was involved in the coordination of the youth policy of the NPRF, participated in the creation of the [[Youth Public Chamber of Russia|Youth Public Chamber]]. In December 2005 Dmitry Gudkov took part in the additional elections to the [[4th State Duma|4th Duma]] in Moscow's single-seat constituency #201, but lost with 1.5% of the votes. After the merger of the NPRF with "[[A Just Russia]]" in early-mid April 2007, Gennady Gudkov entered the Political Bureau of the Presidium of the Central Council of the Party, and Dmitry headed its press department.<ref name=лентапедия />

At the end of April 2007, the youth blocks of the NPRF, the [[Social Democratic Party of Russia]] (SDPR), the human rights organization “Civil Society”, the movements “Ura”, “League of Justice”, “Energy of Life”, “Young Life” and other youth organizations of “A Just Russia” were united within the all-Russian movement “Pobeda” (“Victory”). Dmitry Gudkov became the co-chairman of the organization, since he previously supervised the youth policy of the NPRF. In April 2008, the congress of “Pobeda” elected Yury Lopusov, a former leader of the “Energy of Life”, as the only chairman of the congress, which led to a conflict between Lopusov and Gudkov. In October 2009 Dmitry Gudkov headed the “Young Socialists of Russia” - a new youth movement within the framework of “A Just Russia”, which included “Pobeda” and youth departments of the [[Russian Party of Life|Russian Party of Life]], the SDPR, [[Rodina (political party)|“Rodina” party]], the [[Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice|Russian Party of Pensioners]] and several others.<ref name=лентапедия />

At the Fourth Congress of “A Just Russia” in June 2009, Dmitry Gudkov was elected a member of the Central Council of the Party, and in 2010 he became an adviser to [[Sergey Mironov]], the Chairman of the [[Federation Council (Russia)|Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation]], the leader of the “A Just Russia”.<ref name=лентапедия />

=== Work in the 6th State Duma ===
[[File:Гудков Дмитрий Геннадьевич.jpg|thumb|300px|Dmitry Gudkov in the Parliament, 2013]]
In December 2011, Gudkov was elected to the [[6th State Duma]] at the head of the list of "A Just Russia" from the [[Ryazan Oblast|Ryazan]] and [[Tambov Oblast|Tambov regions]], where the party gained 15% and 6% respectively (compared to 13% in the country).<ref name=лентапедия /> During his mandate Gudkov worked in the Committee on Constitutional Legislation and State Building, and individually and as part of a group of deputies, initiated 43 legislative drafts, including:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.duma.gov.ru/structure/deputies/131235/ |title=Гудков Дмитрий Геннадьевич |publisher=Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации}}</ref>

* Amendments to the law "On Science and State Science and Technology Policy", proposed together with [[Ilya Ponomarev]] and [[Oleg Smolin]] in June 2014, and suggesting academic degrees to be revoked regardless of the time of its conferral if plagiarism is found in scientific works of the author. The bill was considered and rejected in the first reading in January 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2649821 |title=Плагиат — это навсегда |author=Александр Черных |date=2015-01-20 |publisher=Коммерсант}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://sozd.parlament.gov.ru/bill/552663-6 |title=Законопроект № 552663-6 |publisher=Система обеспечения законодательной деятельности}}</ref>

* Amendments to the law "On Special Economic Measures" and Article 8 of the Federal Law "On Security", proposed together with [[:ru:Доронин, Сергей Александрович|Sergei Doronin]], [[:ru:Зубов, Валерий Михайлович|Valery Zubov]], [[Sergey Anatolyevich Petrov|Sergey Petrov]] and [[:ru:Сердюк, Михаил Иванович|Mikhail Serdyuk]], suggesting the introduction of a mandatory form of federal law for decisions on economic sanctions (at that time the President’s order was enough to impose economic sanctions).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2675750 |title=Законопроект об ограничении права президента на санкции «внесли втихаря» |date=2015-02-26 |publisher=Коммерсант}}</ref>. The initiative was criticized by representatives of all parliamentary parties,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.rambler.ru/politics/29334331-v-gosdume-raskritikovali-ideyu-otmeny-produktovogo-embargo/?updated |title=В Госдуме раскритиковали идею ряда депутатов отменить продуктовое эмбарго |date=2015-02-16 |publisher=Взгляд}}</ref> and in May 2017 the bill was rejected in the first reading.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.rambler.ru/politics/29334331-v-gosdume-raskritikovali-ideyu-otmeny-produktovogo-embargo/?updated |title=В Госдуме раскритиковали идею ряда депутатов отменить продуктовое эмбарго |date=2015-02-16 |publisher=Взгляд}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://sozd.parlament.gov.ru/bill/730438-6 |title=Законопроект № 730438-6 |publisher=Система обеспечения законодательной деятельности}}</ref>

* Amendments to the legislative acts regulating the activities of non-profit organizations, introduced in July 2015 and involving the abolition of the concept of "foreign agent" in relation to NGOs. In the commentary to the bill, Gudkov noted that many of the organizations included in the corresponding register did not meet the formal criterion - they were not engaged in political activity.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.svoboda.org/a/27053520.html |title=Дмитрий Гудков внес законопроект об отмене понятия "иноагент" |date=2015-06-04 |publisher=Радио Свобода}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/557066469a794761f66be325 |title=В Думе предложили отменить понятие НКО — иностранный агент |date=2015-06-04 |publisher=РБК}}</ref> The bill was repeatedly postponed, and in May 2016 the amendments were rejected. In parallel with that, the State Duma approved the amendments prepared on behalf of President [[Vladimir Putin]], which cleared the definition of political activity by separating it from work in the field of science, culture, art, health and health care, social services, support and protection, protection of motherhood and childhood, social support of the disabled, promotion of healthy lifestyle, physical culture and sports, protection of plant and animal life and charitable activities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vademec.ru/article/nko/ |title=Благотворительные фонды не будут считаться иностранными агентами |date=2016-05-11 |publisher=Vademecum }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://sozd.parlament.gov.ru/bill/808729-6 |title=Законопроект № 808729-6 |publisher=Система обеспечения законодательной деятельности}}</ref>

* The Federal Law "On the Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation", drafted together with the [[:ru:Комитет гражданских инициатив|Committee of Civil Initiatives]], was introduced in October 2015 and suggested the transition to a [[mixed-member proportional representation]] according to the German model and the introduction of multi-mandate constituencies and electoral blocks in the Duma elections. In November 2015 the State Duma Committee on Constitutional Legislation and State Building rejected the bill till it was improved.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pnp.ru/politics/2015/10/15/gudkov-vnyos-vdumu-zakonoproekt-operekhode-ksmeshannoy-izbiratelnoy-sisteme.html |title=Гудков внёс в Думу законопроект о переходе к смешанной избирательной системе |date=2015-10-15 |publisher=Парламентская газета}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2830492 |title=Будущим депутатам Госдумы хотят повысить конкурентность |author=Таисия Бекбулатова, Сергей Горяшко |date=2015-10-12 |publisher=Коммерсант}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2850121 |title=Госдума отправила залог на доработку |author=Павел Казарновский |date=2015-11-09 |publisher=Коммерсант}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://sozd.parlament.gov.ru/bill/903791-6 |title=Законопроект № 903791-6 |publisher=Система обеспечения законодательной деятельности}}</ref>

No legislative draft, which was suggested by Gudkov or together with him, was adopted, except for the "mass" (signed by a large number of deputies) bill "On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Computation of Time” (a permanent shift to winter time), adopted in July 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sozd.parlament.gov.ru/bill/431985-6 |title=Законопроект № 431985-6 |publisher=Система обеспечения законодательной деятельности}}</ref> Also, Gudkov was one of the eight deputies of the State Duma who in December 2012 voted against the federal bill "On Sanctions for Individuals Violating Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms of the Citizens of the Russian Federation", better known as "[[Dima Yakovlev Law]]" because it prohibited adoption of Russian orphans by US citizens.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://snob.ru/selected/entry/56137 |title=Список порядочных людей: кто не голосовал за закон об усыновлении |date=2012-12-26 |publisher=Сноб}}</ref> Also Gudkov was among 4 deputies who did not vote for the law "On Admitting to the Russian Federation the Republic of Crimea and Establishing within the Russian Federation the New Constituent Entities of the Republic of Crimea and the City of Federal Importance Sevastopol".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2014/03/20/gosduma |title=Госдума ратифицировала договор о принятии Крыма в состав России |author=Светлана Бочарова |date=2014-03-20 |publisher=Ведомости }}</ref> Later, while on air at the TV channel “Dozhd”, Gudkov explained that he abstained from voting "for" because of the political and economic consequences of the decision and abstained from "against" because of the conflicting public opinion on the question of [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|joining the Crimea to the Russian Federation]] and out of respect for the inhabitants of the [[Crimea]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tvrain.ru/teleshow/here_and_now/dmitrij_gudkov_sanktsii_oznachajut_chto_rossijskuju_vlast_bolshe_ne_volnuet_mnenie_mira-365451/ |title=Дмитрий Гудков: санкции означают, что российскую власть больше не волнует мнение мира |author=Павел Лобков, Анна Монгайт |date=2014-03-20 |publisher=Дождь}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Gorelova |first=Anastasia |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/25/us-ukraine-crisis-ponomaryov-idUSBREA2O17720140325 |title=Russian deputy isolated after opposing Crimea annexation |publisher=Reuters |date=2014-03-25 |accessdate=2015-12-24}}</ref><ref name=DGmashable>[http://mashable.com/2015/06/18/the-last-opposition-man-standing/#e3QXLd7Aogqr And then there was one: Meet the last lawmaker fighting Putin in Russia], [[mashable.com]] (18 June 2015)</ref>


== Duma career ==
== Duma career ==
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After a trip to the [[United States]] and the taking part in a conference of [[NGO]] [[Freedom House]] during it Gudkov was expelled from A Just Russia on 13 March 2013 after the party accused him of “calling on the American authorities to interfere in Russia’s internal affairs".<ref name=Eejr/>
After a trip to the [[United States]] and the taking part in a conference of [[NGO]] [[Freedom House]] during it Gudkov was expelled from A Just Russia on 13 March 2013 after the party accused him of “calling on the American authorities to interfere in Russia’s internal affairs".<ref name=Eejr/>

Gudkov was one of the few member of the State Duma who didn't vote for [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|the Russian annexation]] of [[Crimea]] during the 2014 [[Crimea Crisis]].<ref name=DGmashable/><ref>{{cite web|last=Gorelova |first=Anastasia |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/25/us-ukraine-crisis-ponomaryov-idUSBREA2O17720140325 |title=Russian deputy isolated after opposing Crimea annexation |publisher=Reuters |date=2014-03-25 |accessdate=2015-12-24}}</ref> Gudkov abstained on the Crimea vote, because "To abstain, means you're against something — but not that you are challenging power directly".<ref name=DGmashable>[http://mashable.com/2015/06/18/the-last-opposition-man-standing/#e3QXLd7Aogqr And then there was one: Meet the last lawmaker fighting Putin in Russia], [[mashable.com]] (18 June 2015)</ref>


While Gudkov ran as candidate of [[Yabloko]] party<ref name=golo>[https://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/grigorii-golosov/russian-opposition-inside-or-outside-system Russian opposition: inside or outside the system?], Grigorii Golosov, September 1, 2011 (retrieved February 8, 2015)</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Andrew E. Kramer |title=Russia’s Opposition, While Repressed, May Be Its Own Worst Enemy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/16/world/europe/russia-parliamentary-election.html |newspaper=NYT |location= |date=September 15, 2016 |access-date=September 20, 2016}}</ref> and worked with the [[non-systemic opposition]], he lost in the [[Russian legislative election, 2016|18 September 2016 election]] for the Russian Parliament.<ref>{{cite news |author=Neil MacFarquhar |title=Vladimir Putin Tightens Grip on Russia’s Parliament With Election Rout |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/20/world/europe/vladimir-putin-united-russia-parliament-elections.html |newspaper=NYT |location= |date=September 19, 2016 |access-date=September 20, 2016}}</ref>
While Gudkov ran as candidate of [[Yabloko]] party<ref name=golo>[https://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/grigorii-golosov/russian-opposition-inside-or-outside-system Russian opposition: inside or outside the system?], Grigorii Golosov, September 1, 2011 (retrieved February 8, 2015)</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Andrew E. Kramer |title=Russia’s Opposition, While Repressed, May Be Its Own Worst Enemy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/16/world/europe/russia-parliamentary-election.html |newspaper=NYT |location= |date=September 15, 2016 |access-date=September 20, 2016}}</ref> and worked with the [[non-systemic opposition]], he lost in the [[Russian legislative election, 2016|18 September 2016 election]] for the Russian Parliament.<ref>{{cite news |author=Neil MacFarquhar |title=Vladimir Putin Tightens Grip on Russia’s Parliament With Election Rout |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/20/world/europe/vladimir-putin-united-russia-parliament-elections.html |newspaper=NYT |location= |date=September 19, 2016 |access-date=September 20, 2016}}</ref>
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Expand Russian|topic=bio|Гудков, Дмитрий Геннадьевич|date=June 2014}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Gudkov, Dmitry}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gudkov, Dmitry}}

Revision as of 10:03, 17 May 2018

Not to be confused with Dmitrii Andreevich Gudkov.
Dmitry G. Gudkov
Born (1980-01-19) January 19, 1980 (age 44)
NationalityRussian
Occupationpolitician
Known foropposition to President Vladimir Putin
Political partyA Just Russia (until 2013)
ParentGennady Gudkov

Dmitry Gennadyevich Gudkov (Russian: Дми́трий Генна́дьевич Гудко́в, born 19 January 1980 in Kolomna)[1] is a Russian politician and opposition leader.[2] He was elected as a member of the State Duma in 2011-2016.[3] His father, Gennady Gudkov, was also a Duma deputy in 2001–2012. Both father and son were members of the party A Just Russia.[4] Gudkov was expelled from the party on 13 March 2013 after it accused him of “calling on the American authorities to interfere in Russia’s internal affairs".[5][6]

Education

Dmitry Gudkov was born on January 19, 1980 in the city of Kolomna, Moscow region in the family of Maria Gudkova and Gennady Gudkov. When his son was born, Gennady Gudkov worked in the Komsomol; in 1981-1992 he served in the KGB, retired in the rank of major, and in the same year he founded the private security company "Oskord", which became a major player at this market by the end of the 1990s.[7]

In 1996 Dmitry Gudkov graduated from the Moscow school #625 with in-depth study of physics and mathematics and entered the journalism faculty of Moscow State University. In his student years he worked in several publications: he was the editor-in-chief of “Security” - a trade magazine about protection, and also worked in the department of public relations of his father's company. Gudkov made his first steps in politics in 1998-1999, becoming a member of the electoral headquarters of his father in the elections to the 3rd State Duma from Kolomna single-mandate district #106. After graduating from the journalism faculty in 2001, Gudkov went on to do his postgraduate studies, and received a second higher education at the Faculty of World Economy of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[8].

Dmitry Gudkov during a public gathering in defense of the rights of journalists. Moscow, March 2011


Political activity

People's Party of the Russian Federation (NPRF), "A Just Russia", youth policy

A significant part of his political career, Dmitry Gudkov followed his father. In 2001 Gennady Gudkov won in the by-elections to the 3rd Duma and joined the deputy group "People's Deputy", and Dmitry Gudkov got a job in the staff of this group. In 2003, he followed his father to the People's Party of the Russian Federation (NPRF): while Gennady Gudkov was deputy chairman of the party, Dmitry Gudkov substituted the head of the press department, and after the father was elected a chairman of the party in April 2004, Dmitry Gudkov was promoted to a position of a head. He was involved in the coordination of the youth policy of the NPRF, participated in the creation of the Youth Public Chamber. In December 2005 Dmitry Gudkov took part in the additional elections to the 4th Duma in Moscow's single-seat constituency #201, but lost with 1.5% of the votes. After the merger of the NPRF with "A Just Russia" in early-mid April 2007, Gennady Gudkov entered the Political Bureau of the Presidium of the Central Council of the Party, and Dmitry headed its press department.[8]

At the end of April 2007, the youth blocks of the NPRF, the Social Democratic Party of Russia (SDPR), the human rights organization “Civil Society”, the movements “Ura”, “League of Justice”, “Energy of Life”, “Young Life” and other youth organizations of “A Just Russia” were united within the all-Russian movement “Pobeda” (“Victory”). Dmitry Gudkov became the co-chairman of the organization, since he previously supervised the youth policy of the NPRF. In April 2008, the congress of “Pobeda” elected Yury Lopusov, a former leader of the “Energy of Life”, as the only chairman of the congress, which led to a conflict between Lopusov and Gudkov. In October 2009 Dmitry Gudkov headed the “Young Socialists of Russia” - a new youth movement within the framework of “A Just Russia”, which included “Pobeda” and youth departments of the Russian Party of Life, the SDPR, “Rodina” party, the Russian Party of Pensioners and several others.[8]

At the Fourth Congress of “A Just Russia” in June 2009, Dmitry Gudkov was elected a member of the Central Council of the Party, and in 2010 he became an adviser to Sergey Mironov, the Chairman of the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, the leader of the “A Just Russia”.[8]

Work in the 6th State Duma

Dmitry Gudkov in the Parliament, 2013

In December 2011, Gudkov was elected to the 6th State Duma at the head of the list of "A Just Russia" from the Ryazan and Tambov regions, where the party gained 15% and 6% respectively (compared to 13% in the country).[8] During his mandate Gudkov worked in the Committee on Constitutional Legislation and State Building, and individually and as part of a group of deputies, initiated 43 legislative drafts, including:[9]

  • Amendments to the law "On Science and State Science and Technology Policy", proposed together with Ilya Ponomarev and Oleg Smolin in June 2014, and suggesting academic degrees to be revoked regardless of the time of its conferral if plagiarism is found in scientific works of the author. The bill was considered and rejected in the first reading in January 2015.[10][11]
  • Amendments to the law "On Special Economic Measures" and Article 8 of the Federal Law "On Security", proposed together with Sergei Doronin, Valery Zubov, Sergey Petrov and Mikhail Serdyuk, suggesting the introduction of a mandatory form of federal law for decisions on economic sanctions (at that time the President’s order was enough to impose economic sanctions).[12]. The initiative was criticized by representatives of all parliamentary parties,[13] and in May 2017 the bill was rejected in the first reading.[14][15]
  • Amendments to the legislative acts regulating the activities of non-profit organizations, introduced in July 2015 and involving the abolition of the concept of "foreign agent" in relation to NGOs. In the commentary to the bill, Gudkov noted that many of the organizations included in the corresponding register did not meet the formal criterion - they were not engaged in political activity.[16][17] The bill was repeatedly postponed, and in May 2016 the amendments were rejected. In parallel with that, the State Duma approved the amendments prepared on behalf of President Vladimir Putin, which cleared the definition of political activity by separating it from work in the field of science, culture, art, health and health care, social services, support and protection, protection of motherhood and childhood, social support of the disabled, promotion of healthy lifestyle, physical culture and sports, protection of plant and animal life and charitable activities.[18][19]
  • The Federal Law "On the Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation", drafted together with the Committee of Civil Initiatives, was introduced in October 2015 and suggested the transition to a mixed-member proportional representation according to the German model and the introduction of multi-mandate constituencies and electoral blocks in the Duma elections. In November 2015 the State Duma Committee on Constitutional Legislation and State Building rejected the bill till it was improved.[20][21][22][23]

No legislative draft, which was suggested by Gudkov or together with him, was adopted, except for the "mass" (signed by a large number of deputies) bill "On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Computation of Time” (a permanent shift to winter time), adopted in July 2014.[24] Also, Gudkov was one of the eight deputies of the State Duma who in December 2012 voted against the federal bill "On Sanctions for Individuals Violating Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms of the Citizens of the Russian Federation", better known as "Dima Yakovlev Law" because it prohibited adoption of Russian orphans by US citizens.[25] Also Gudkov was among 4 deputies who did not vote for the law "On Admitting to the Russian Federation the Republic of Crimea and Establishing within the Russian Federation the New Constituent Entities of the Republic of Crimea and the City of Federal Importance Sevastopol".[26] Later, while on air at the TV channel “Dozhd”, Gudkov explained that he abstained from voting "for" because of the political and economic consequences of the decision and abstained from "against" because of the conflicting public opinion on the question of joining the Crimea to the Russian Federation and out of respect for the inhabitants of the Crimea.[27][28][29]

Duma career

The Gudkovs are noted for their opposition to President Vladimir Putin and his United Russia party.[4] Along with Ilya Ponomarev, Dmitry and Gennady Gudkovs became leaders in the 2012 protests against Putin's re-election.[30][31] In June, Ponomarev, Gudkov and his father led a filibuster against a bill allowing large fines for anti-government protesters, alternating speaking against the bill for 11 hours.[30][4] Gennady Gudkov said of the bill that by removing outlets for protest, the legislation was putting Russia on "a sure path to a civil war".[32] The Economist described the filibuster as "the most striking act of parliamentary defiance in the Putin era".[4]

After a trip to the United States and the taking part in a conference of NGO Freedom House during it Gudkov was expelled from A Just Russia on 13 March 2013 after the party accused him of “calling on the American authorities to interfere in Russia’s internal affairs".[5]

While Gudkov ran as candidate of Yabloko party[33][34] and worked with the non-systemic opposition, he lost in the 18 September 2016 election for the Russian Parliament.[35]

On 15 March 2018, Dmitry Gudkov and Ksenia Sobchak announced the creation of the Party of Changes on the basis of the party Civic Initiative.[36]

References

  1. ^ "User Profile: dgudkov" (in Russian). LiveJournal. Archived from the original on 28 October 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ "Russia votes, but will the Kremlin notice?". The Economist. 8 September 2017.
  3. ^ "Gudkov, Dmitry G." (in Russian). Youth Public Chamber of Russia. Archived from the original on 28 October 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ a b c d "Gudkovs, bad cops; Russian politics". The Economist.  – via HighBeam Research (subscription required) . 7 July 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
  5. ^ a b Russian Legislator Accused of Treason After U.S. Visit, The New York Times (15 March 2013)
  6. ^ ЛДПР настаивает на лишении мандатов авторов законопроекта о продэмбарго
  7. ^ Андрей Владимиров (2012-08-20). "Неисправимый". Итоги.
  8. ^ a b c d e "Гудков, Дмитрий". Lenta.ru.
  9. ^ "Гудков Дмитрий Геннадьевич". Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации.
  10. ^ Александр Черных (2015-01-20). "Плагиат — это навсегда". Коммерсант.
  11. ^ "Законопроект № 552663-6". Система обеспечения законодательной деятельности.
  12. ^ "Законопроект об ограничении права президента на санкции «внесли втихаря»". Коммерсант. 2015-02-26.
  13. ^ "В Госдуме раскритиковали идею ряда депутатов отменить продуктовое эмбарго". Взгляд. 2015-02-16.
  14. ^ "В Госдуме раскритиковали идею ряда депутатов отменить продуктовое эмбарго". Взгляд. 2015-02-16.
  15. ^ "Законопроект № 730438-6". Система обеспечения законодательной деятельности.
  16. ^ "Дмитрий Гудков внес законопроект об отмене понятия "иноагент"". Радио Свобода. 2015-06-04.
  17. ^ "В Думе предложили отменить понятие НКО — иностранный агент". РБК. 2015-06-04.
  18. ^ "Благотворительные фонды не будут считаться иностранными агентами". Vademecum. 2016-05-11.
  19. ^ "Законопроект № 808729-6". Система обеспечения законодательной деятельности.
  20. ^ "Гудков внёс в Думу законопроект о переходе к смешанной избирательной системе". Парламентская газета. 2015-10-15.
  21. ^ Таисия Бекбулатова, Сергей Горяшко (2015-10-12). "Будущим депутатам Госдумы хотят повысить конкурентность". Коммерсант.
  22. ^ Павел Казарновский (2015-11-09). "Госдума отправила залог на доработку". Коммерсант.
  23. ^ "Законопроект № 903791-6". Система обеспечения законодательной деятельности.
  24. ^ "Законопроект № 431985-6". Система обеспечения законодательной деятельности.
  25. ^ "Список порядочных людей: кто не голосовал за закон об усыновлении". Сноб. 2012-12-26.
  26. ^ Светлана Бочарова (2014-03-20). "Госдума ратифицировала договор о принятии Крыма в состав России". Ведомости.
  27. ^ Павел Лобков, Анна Монгайт (2014-03-20). "Дмитрий Гудков: санкции означают, что российскую власть больше не волнует мнение мира". Дождь.
  28. ^ Gorelova, Anastasia (2014-03-25). "Russian deputy isolated after opposing Crimea annexation". Reuters. Retrieved 2015-12-24.
  29. ^ And then there was one: Meet the last lawmaker fighting Putin in Russia, mashable.com (18 June 2015)
  30. ^ a b David M. Herszenhorn (23 June 2012). "Working Russia's Streets, and Its Halls of Power". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  31. ^ Vladimir Isachenkov (16 May 2012). "Police move against new protest in Moscow". Associated Press  – via HighBeam Research (subscription required) . Retrieved 28 October 2012.
  32. ^ Vladimir Isachenkov (5 June 2012). "Russian parliament approves harsh bill on protests". Associated Press  – via HighBeam Research (subscription required) . Retrieved 28 October 2012.
  33. ^ Russian opposition: inside or outside the system?, Grigorii Golosov, September 1, 2011 (retrieved February 8, 2015)
  34. ^ Andrew E. Kramer (September 15, 2016). "Russia's Opposition, While Repressed, May Be Its Own Worst Enemy". NYT. Retrieved September 20, 2016.
  35. ^ Neil MacFarquhar (September 19, 2016). "Vladimir Putin Tightens Grip on Russia's Parliament With Election Rout". NYT. Retrieved September 20, 2016.
  36. ^ Дмитрий Гудков и Ксения Собчак создадут "Партию перемен"
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