Jump to content

Honjok: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Yobot (talk | contribs)
Bots
4,733,870 edits
m Removed invisible unicode characters + other fixes (Task 55), replaced: → (2), added orphan tag using AWB (12151)
Sunbo123 (talk | contribs)
206 edits
No edit summary
Line 22: Line 22:
| koreanipa3 =
| koreanipa3 =
}}
}}
[[File:Eating alone.jpg|thumb|363x363px|Honbap which is part of Honjok]]

'''Honjok''' ({{lang-ko|혼족}}) is a [[South Korea]]n term for people who willingly do activities alone. The term was popularized in 2017, when South Korea saw an increase in people eating, drinking, and traveling alone, among other activities. The honjok lifestyle is considered a "significant shift" from South Korea's traditionally group-oriented society.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/1024923/exhausted-by-the-herd-single-south-koreans-are-gingerly-embracing-the-yolo-lifestyle/|title=Exhausted by the herd, single South Koreans are gingerly embracing the "YOLO" lifestyle|last=Steger|first=Isabella|date=2017-08-02|work=Quartz|access-date=2017-12-27|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/single-independence-movement-in-seoul-korean-fashion|title=A New Generation of Beautiful Loners Is Changing Seoul Fashion for the Better|last=Kim|first=Monica|date=2017-12-22|work=Vogue|access-date=2017-12-27|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://magazine.seoulselection.com/2017/03/24/dare-to-dine-solo/|title=Dare to Dine Solo|last=|first=|date=2017-03-24|website=Seoul Selection|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-12-12}}</ref>
'''Honjok''' ({{lang-ko|혼족}}) is a [[South Korea]]n term for people who willingly do activities alone. The term was popularized in 2017, when South Korea saw an increase in people eating, drinking, and traveling alone, among other activities. The honjok lifestyle is considered a "significant shift" from South Korea's traditionally group-oriented society.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/1024923/exhausted-by-the-herd-single-south-koreans-are-gingerly-embracing-the-yolo-lifestyle/|title=Exhausted by the herd, single South Koreans are gingerly embracing the "YOLO" lifestyle|last=Steger|first=Isabella|date=2017-08-02|work=Quartz|access-date=2017-12-27|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/single-independence-movement-in-seoul-korean-fashion|title=A New Generation of Beautiful Loners Is Changing Seoul Fashion for the Better|last=Kim|first=Monica|date=2017-12-22|work=Vogue|access-date=2017-12-27|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://magazine.seoulselection.com/2017/03/24/dare-to-dine-solo/|title=Dare to Dine Solo|last=|first=|date=2017-03-24|website=Seoul Selection|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-12-12}}</ref>


Revision as of 06:29, 21 May 2018

Honjok
Hangul
Hanja
혼族
Revised RomanizationHonjok
McCune–ReischauerHonchok
Honbap which is part of Honjok

Honjok (Korean: 혼족) is a South Korean term for people who willingly do activities alone. The term was popularized in 2017, when South Korea saw an increase in people eating, drinking, and traveling alone, among other activities. The honjok lifestyle is considered a "significant shift" from South Korea's traditionally group-oriented society.[1][2][3]

Definition

Honjok is a new term that is gradually being used since 2010 when the number of one-person households began to increase.[4] It refers to a person who has hobbies such as eating alone, enjoying leisure activities and shopping, taking trips alone, etc. It is a different concept from the 'cocoon group' of living alone.[4]

Honjok can be divided into hon-bap, hon-sul and hon-nol. Hon-bap is the act of eating alone. For example, if one enjoys eating rice alone without being conscious of the gaze of others, and feels satisfaction by seeking out restaurant, it Hon-Bap.[4] Hon-nol refers to people who don't feel alone and are used to enjoying themselves and playing by themself.[4] Hon-sul means an act of drinking alone in a bar without being conscious of the gaze of others.[4]

Popularity

Honbap

Growing interest in Hon-bap culture is causing an increase in the number of restaurants targeted at people enjoying honbap.[5] As the rice culture became popular, the level of the Honbap was divided. level 1-convenience store, level 2-Student Restaurant or cafeteria., level 3- Fastfood Restaurant, level 4 - Normal Restaurant, level 5-Famous Restaurant. level 6-Family Restaurant.[6] According to the statistical data researched by 엠브레인, reasons that people enjoy Honbap inclue: scheduled in another area with nobody available (36.8%), no time to eat with other people (35.6%); feeling comfortable eating alone (23.8%).[7]

Honnol

There are many different types of Hon-nol. There is a coin karaoke room for one person who can sing while singing alone, or watch movies alone. The coin karaoke room is a place where people can freely sing songs without paying attention to other people. As the number of single-person households grows, the percentage of coin karaoke rooms which established in 2016 has exceeded 70%.[8] Another type is 'Watching movies alone'. People can choose a good spot by themselves and eat snacks according to their own taste. According to statistics, the reason which people watch movies alone is because of the cumbersome and complicated process (48.2%) , watching immersive movies (49%) and willing to watching movies alone (38.8%).[9]

Honsul

Statistics researched by Korea Food and Drug Administration, shows the following preferred places to do Hon-sul: In House (85.2%), In pub (7.2%), In restaurant (5.2%)[10] Other reasons they enjoy honsul are: drinking comfortably (62.6%), to relieve stress (17.6%). Other reasons were temporal reasons and trend.[11] The frequency of willingness to experience Honsul was 1 to 2 times per month, which was 47.8%, followed by 1 to 2 times a week, 30.4%, 3 to 4 times a month, 10.1%, 3 to 4 times a week, 8.4% drink daily and -3.2%.[12]

Causes

Social Causes

Ennui in human relations [13]

The number of young people who give up their relationships due to rising competition, difficulty in finding jobs, and living difficulties are increasing.[14] These young people are reluctant to try to maintain unnecessary human relationships and do not feel the need for new relationships. These people try to avoid meetings which involve many people. These people also don't think they need to maintain human relationships because of stress.[15]

According to a survey which researched Perceptions and Realities of Human Relationships itheir n "20s" conducted by researchers at the 대학내일 which is a college student magazi.e, They said," I've been deliberately avoiding meeting people who haven't met or met with people who aren't clos. "(50.1%) and next answer is "I feel uneasy when I cut off the conversati., "(41.7 ).[16] They say that it is better to be alone than to maintain relationships with people. In 2010, the word 'Honsul ' was only 14 times, but in 2016, it soared to 27,778. The word "Honbap" was also said to be a mere six times in 2010, but it was mentioned in more than 6,000 times in 2016. As we can see with these data, Honsul, Honbap, and Honnousage l increased witlargeng numbers of people.[17]

Increase of one-person households

A one-person household means that they solve everything in their own lives. According to the National Statistical Office, the number of one-person households accounted for only 9 percent of households in 1990, but reached 24% in 2010 and it will reach 30% in 2020.[18] This is because the traditional family relationship is rapidly breaking apart as the aging population continues to grow and the low birth rate continues to shrink. In 2015, the proportion of one-person households aged 39 to 59 was the highest among those aged 39 to 59, 33.9% 33.2%, and 30.0% over 60 years. However, in 2045, over 60 percent of the one-person households are expected to increase by 54 percent.[19] Six out of ten college students showed no reluctance to live alone in their daily lives. There were also many people who preferred a one-person household.[20]

Cultural Causes

A change of perception

According to Korea social trend 2015, which is released by the Korea National Statistical Office (NSO), About 56.8% of Koreans over 15 years old prefer to enjoy their leisure time alone. On the other hand, only 8.3% of respondents said they spent their leisure time with friends. Usually, there is a prejudice with Honnol that there is no friend to play with, But people who have a lot of friends also enjoy Honnol. It is better for them to do what they like rather than to be stressed to meet and coordinate with their friends.[21] People's perception is also a cause. Over time, people may not think that Honnol is bad and poor behavior. When asked whether a job portal site was about 20 to 1277 people working alone, 74.7% ' No. ' Three out of every 20 to 4 people means they do not mind their own activities.[21]

Effect of Media

As the number people of experiencing "Honjok" increases, broadcasting is launching different formats and genres of entertainment and dramas featuring " Honjok". Examples include ' 나혼자산다 ', '미운우리새끼 ' and '혼술남녀'. While drawing upon the mundane lives of ordinary entertainers, they enjoy enjoying the lives of ordinary people, creating a popular consensus among ordinary people.[22] In the case of '나혼자산다 ' and '미운우리새끼 ', the actors who appear to be discouraged are depressively unimportant. It is all about showing off the lives of celebrities who live alone.[23] In the case of the drama '혼술남녀', actors are showing mixed emotions to try to solve their troubles. In the drama, the main characters gained popularity from viewers, enjoying the beer they bought at a convenience store or enjoyed a mix of luxury restaurants.[24]

Whether it is voluntary or involuntary, they have been surrounded by loneliness and compassion in the drama. However, the past negative perception of living alone like "Bullying" and "The Outsiders" has gradually transformed into "free" and "rational." Therefore, a program targeting "one-person households" and "Honjok" are expected to increase further[25]

Effects

Solo economy

One of the most significant changes in households is consumer culture and the emergence of a solo economy. The biggest characteristic of solo economy is the hefty purchasing power. According to a Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KCCI) survey of 500 households nationwide, households with 1 to 1 3/4 members of the household accounted for a total of 32.9%, which is twice as high as 17.2% of households with 3 to 4 members.

The amount of disposable household income per household is 805,000 won per household, compared to 735,000 won for households with 3 to 4 members. Disposable income means income that can be freely used for consumption and saving of income. Accordingly, experts predict that the size of one-person households will grow close to around 200 trillion won in 2030.

According to the Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade estimates that the size of household spending will increase from 60 trillion won in 2010 to 120 trillion won in 2020. According to the Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the keyword for one-person households can be referred to as 'S-O-L-O'. An item to increase expenditure on 1 or higher is as follows.

1. Self-oriented consumption for self. Families spend less time alone and spend less money on hobbies and personal grooming

2. Online consumption. Since the one-person household consumers usually have a propensity to purchase a ' heavy, bulky, high frequency and high frequency, ' online shopping malls offer regular delivery of goods, including regular deliveries of bottled water and water, to a regular delivery service, which provides regular delivery of bottled water and water supplies to one person in 24 hours.

3. Low-priced consumption. This is a characteristic of one-person households whose price range is inexpensive to buy while purchasing a discount period.

4. convenience -oriented consumption. Based on the propensity to consume small amounts of furniture, convenience stores continue to grow in popularity and the food industry is spouting home snacks aimed at one-person households.[26]

Companies ’ HMR markets are also fierce.The abbreviation of HMR stands for Home Meal Replacement. Specifically, it is a food that can be substituted for a home meal, sold outside of home, and cooked in a food form that is wholly cooked or cooked in a food form. There are four types of HMR.

– RTP(Ready To Prepared)

This means that the food ingredients are cooked conveniently and cooked conveniently.

– RTC(Ready To Cook)

Cooking style is a simple food that can be eaten simply after cooking.

– RTH(Ready to Heat)

It is a food that can be cooked directly by means of a ‘ convenience formula ’.

– RTE(Ready to Eat)

Meaning instant food, can be eaten immediately after removing it.

National Statistical Office estimates that households with 65.6 million units in 2025 and 762 million in 2035 will continue to grow.The proportion of female economic activities and the proportion of working households will also increase, thus increasing the proportion of HMR. In the past, there are many images of instant food and spicy foods.Recently, consumers have improved their perception of consumers, including Hyega lunchboxes, Baekjongwon lunches, etc.Due to insufficient cooking time, one-person households and consumer trends, the outlook for HMR markets is considered bright.[27]

Companies' customized strategies

The one-person households have shifted from high-capacity to small-powered and small-power centers to major commercial products and sales strategy. The Big Mart re-configures the criteria for " 1 serving " by collecting recommendations from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and cooking expert opinions.[28] In other words, as the number of single-person households grows, Hon-bap and Hon-sul are established as universal cultures, and in the food and beverage industry, there is a tendency to reduce the size of products and sell them in small packages. It aims to reduce the size and capacity of larger family sizes and family sizes to accommodate smaller family sizes.

The market for marketing and commodity development aimed at one-person households is also the food and restaurant market, which accounts for most of the consumer spending. Products that are suitable for eating alone are being released and products with moderate amounts of food are available for as much as 2 to 3 servings.Furthermore, the latest products are being released in terms of the quality and quality of the products, as well as the quality and quality of the products.[29]

For example, Orion Confectionery is focusing on the 'resizing' strategy of the food and beverage industry, which is adjusting the individual shape of existing hit products to 'bite size' or introducing a new amount of food that a person can eat. After 35 years, Orion Confectionery has released the "Doctor Yuda Zemini", a smaller version of Dada. Orion Confectionery's popular pie products, 'Choco Pie Chung', 'Choco Pie Deli Banana', and 'Fresh Berry' convenience packages have also gained popularity. Convenience store exclusive package products consist of good quantity to eat at once and can enjoy on the commute morning breakfast or afternoon snack freely.[30] Binggrae introduced 'Together signature', a premium small-size cup product, in 42 years after Together launched the product last year, and recently released 'Together signature cream cheese' with a premium cream cheese brand 'kiri' in France.[30]

In addition to reducing the capacity by one-eighth compared to conventional products, it also features a dessert concept for one-person households by enhancing raw materials and emphasizing deep taste

The hotel industry is also fiercely marketing for a single licensee. A bakery shop in the Westin Chosun Hotel, Seoul, constructed separately for one person. Normally, a single bakery sells a small piece of traditional product. they perceive the psychology of ' honjok ' who likes to enjoy themselves alone. There are also hotels that launch packages for the Honjok. It is a product that is priced at reasonable prices than conventional room packages so that one can concentrate on a perfect rest. also Operate the ' Homme Style ' package for men. Standard Room 1 Night Rooms, 1 All-water buffet, and 1 sauna are included.[29]

In the consumer electronics market, one-person household products are becoming popular. 'Honjok' usually live in one room or the like, so it is preferable to put in a small space and equipped with convenient function.Compared to the average household population, where the amount of laundry is relatively small compared to regular households, the cost of washing clothes is burdensome. Also, the smell of the clothes caused the whole household to spread through the laundry.In addition, LG Electronics introduced a mini drum washing machine that is useful for mixing small amounts of laundry, such as underwear, socks, and socks. In particular, mini drum washing machine is gaining popularity in the 17 minutes, making it popular with people who live alone, rinsing and dehydrating.

As the recent trend of single-person households spreads, it is a tendency to increase the development of products aimed at single-person households in any area.[29]

Trend

According to the NSO, the number of one-person households in the country has continued to increase since 2017, predicting that the number of one-person households in the nation will be the highest in the country, with a total of 36.3 percent of the total.[31]

In the "2018 Korea trend" published by the Korea Economic Daily, Honjok culture continue to increase and evolve. It also shows that the importance of using the term 'one-person system' beyond the one-person household increases. Honjok is expected to grow because It combined with the growth of Solo Economy and the trends that people who are called 'YOLO' are boldly consuming their interests.

According to the survey of 엠브레인, the ratio of people who went to coffee shops alone, which was 14% in 2009, increased to 30% this year. Seven out of ten people have experienced 'Honbap'. Also, 74% of respondents said they were willing to use Honbap restaurants. Percentage of people who are willing to experience 'Honbap' by age are in their teens -46.5%, 20s -80s, 30s -79s, 40s -68s, and more than 50s -68s.[32]

Footnote

  1. ^ Steger, Isabella (2017-08-02). "Exhausted by the herd, single South Koreans are gingerly embracing the "YOLO" lifestyle". Quartz. Retrieved 2017-12-27. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  2. ^ Kim, Monica (2017-12-22). "A New Generation of Beautiful Loners Is Changing Seoul Fashion for the Better". Vogue. Retrieved 2017-12-27. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  3. ^ "Dare to Dine Solo". Seoul Selection. 2017-03-24. Retrieved 2017-12-12. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  4. ^ a b c d e "[Why] 혼밥·혼영… 나홀로 삶 즐기는 이유? 전혀 불편하지 않으니까!" (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  5. ^ "혼자서 눈치 안보고 고기 먹을 수 있는 '1인 1테이블 1티비' 고깃집". 인사이트 (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  6. ^ "'혼밥' 하다 뚱뚱해진다?". KBS 뉴스 (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  7. ^ ""혼자서도 잘 먹어요!", 자의로 타의로 일상에 자리잡은 '혼밥'의 풍경". 트렌드모니터 (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  8. ^ 느티나무. "코인노래방 열풍이 다시 도래했다! [TJ미디어]". insight.stockplus.com. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  9. ^ "혼자 영화보기, '혼영'하면 좋은 점 8가지". m.post.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  10. ^ "[혼술] 혼자 술을 마시는 장소는?". www.datasom.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  11. ^ "[혼술] 혼자서 술을 마시는 이유". www.datasom.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  12. ^ "[혼술] 평소 혼술을 한다면 얼마나 자주 하는가?". www.datasom.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  13. ^ "나도 관태기일까?". 얼루어 코리아(Allure Korea) 뷰티 라이프 스타일 잡지 (in Korean). 2017-10-23. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  14. ^ "[비바100] 혼자가 좋아…인간관계에 지친 '관태기' 청춘". 100세시대의 동반자 브릿지경제 (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  15. ^ "'사람이 귀찮고 혼자이고 싶다'...'관태기' 앓는 20대". 이데일리 (in Korean). 2017-04-20. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  16. ^ 대학내일20대연구소. "관태기를 겪고 있는 20대의 인간관계 인식 및 실태조사 보고서 발표". www.20slab.org (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ 이슬기 (2016-10-31). ""힘든 인간관계보단 나홀로"…'관태기'에 지친 사람들". 연합뉴스 (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  18. ^ "1인 가구 증가는 왜 일어나는가?". brunch (in Korean). 2016-09-09. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  19. ^ "9년 뒤부터 모든 시·도서 '1인 가구' 비중 1위로" (in Korean). 2017-08-22. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  20. ^ "대학생 10명 중 6명, '나 혼자 산다'". 종합일간지 : 신문/웹/모바일 등 멀티 채널로 국내외 실시간 뉴스와 수준 높은 정보를 제공 (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  21. ^ a b 인생Navi. "1인 가구 증가에 대학생 취업난으로 '혼밥·혼술·혼놀족' 늘고 있다". 인생Navi (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  22. ^ "'나혼자산다'부터 '미운우리새끼' '발칙한 동거'까지, 1인 가구 스타 관찰예능 콘셉트도 가지각색 '여전히 활발'". 뉴스핌 (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  23. ^ "'나홀로족', 예능의 법칙도 깨뜨렸다". 시사저널 (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  24. ^ "'혼술남녀', tvN표 新트렌드 공감극 탄생 [종영기획②]". tvdaily.asiae.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  25. ^ 당당하거나, [트렌드 톡] ‘혼족문화’를 바라보는 2가지 시각, 외롭거나 (2016-10-19). "[트렌드 톡] '혼족문화'를 바라보는 2가지 시각, 외롭거나 당당하거나". 서울경제 (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ "1인 가구 소비만 '나홀로 성장'…120조원 시장을 잡아라". hankyung.com (in Korean). 2016-11-03. Retrieved 2017-11-22.
  27. ^ 그뤠잇!, 시간·비용 절약 가정간편식 (2017-11-12). "시간·비용 절약 가정간편식 그뤠잇!". 서울경제 (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-11-22.
  28. ^ "롯데마트, '소용량' 맞춤형 전략 전환...1인가구 잡는다 - 이뉴스투데이" (in Korean). 2017-08-15. Retrieved 2017-11-22.
  29. ^ a b c "1인 가구를 겨냥한 기업의 마케팅 전략 - 소비자평가" (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-11-22.
  30. ^ a b 헤럴드경제 (2017-08-24). ""1인 가구 잡아라"…식음료업계, 리사이징 전략 눈길" (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-11-22.
  31. ^ "9년 후엔 '1인가구 전성시대'" (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  32. ^ "[혼밥] 연령별 향후 %26apos;1인 식당%26apos; 이용 의향". www.datasom.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honjok&oldid=842247833"