Thalictrum flavum: Difference between revisions
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Argenteus.CG (talk | contribs) →Description: Cleaned up a wide variety of errors in the phytochemistry section, including clarifying that pavine N-methyltransferase is itself not an alkaloid but an enzyme involved in alkaloid biosynthesis, and correcting the spelling of thalidezine. Also changed up language somewhat to account for the altered contents. |
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===Phytochemistry=== |
===Phytochemistry=== |
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The plant contains an |
The plant contains an enzyme called pavine ''N''-methyltransferase, which modifies a variety of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids including the eponymous alkaloid [[Pavine (molecule)|pavine]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Torres|first1=M.A.|last2=Hoffarth|first2=E.|last3=Eugenio|first3=L.|last4=Savtchouk|first4=J.|last5=Chen|first5=X.|last6=Morris|first6=J.S.|last7=Facchini|first7=P.J.|last8=Ng|first8=K.K.|title=Structural and Functional Studies of Pavine N-Methyltransferase from Thalictrum flavum Reveal Novel Insights into Substrate Recognition and Catalytic Mechanism|journal=J Biol Chem|date=4 November 2016|volume=291|issue=45|pages=23403–23415|pmid=27573242|doi=10.1074/jbc.M116.747261|pmc=5095397}}</ref> [[Benzylisoquinoline]] alkaloids like pavine often have a variety of pharmacological actions, and as a result some have medical uses such as analgesic or anticancer effects while others have significant toxicity. ''T. flavum'' also contains another benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, thalidezine, which is also present in other Thalictrum species.<ref>S.W. Pelletier (Editor) {{google books|0Rr_Ojmufi0C|Alkaloids: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Volume 14|page=48}}</ref> |
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==Taxonomy== |
==Taxonomy== |
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Revision as of 15:25, 3 August 2018
| Thalictrum flavum | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Ranunculaceae |
| Genus: | Thalictrum |
| Species: | T. flavum
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| Binomial name | |
| Thalictrum flavum | |
| Synonyms | |
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Thalictrum flavum, known by the common names common meadow-rue,[2][3] and yellow meadow-rue,[4] is a flowering plant species in the family Ranunculaceae. It is a native to Caucasus and Russia (Siberia). Growing to 100 cm (39 in) tall by 45 cm (18 in) broad, it is an herbaceous perennial producing clusters of fluffy yellow fragrant flowers in summer.
Description
Thalictrum flavum has fibrous roots,[5] and has wedge-shaped,[6] dark green leaves, with a paler green underneath, they are divided into multiple sections.[2] It blooms between June and August.[2] The flowers are composed of short sepals and longer, erect stamens.[7][8] The sepals are actually white, but the multiple erect, yellow stamens, give the flower a yellow appearance.[6] Later, three fruits are formed from each flower head.[2]
Phytochemistry
The plant contains an enzyme called pavine N-methyltransferase, which modifies a variety of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids including the eponymous alkaloid pavine.[9] Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids like pavine often have a variety of pharmacological actions, and as a result some have medical uses such as analgesic or anticancer effects while others have significant toxicity. T. flavum also contains another benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, thalidezine, which is also present in other Thalictrum species.[10]
Taxonomy
It was first described and published by Carl Linnaeus, in his book 'Species Plantarum', on page 546 in 1753.[1][11] The specific epithet flavum means "pure yellow".[12]
The subspecies T. flavum subsp. glaucum has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[13]
The common name 'meadow rue' is thought to have derived from 'meadow rhubarb'.[2]
It is written as 黄唐松草 in Chinese script and known as huang tang song cao in Pidgin in China.[14]
It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 24 January 1997.[15]
Distribution and habitat
It is very widespread, and is native to temperate regions of Asia, Northern Africa and Europe.[15]
Range
It is found in Northern Africa within Algeria. In Europe, it is found in (Eastern Europe) Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, (Middle Europe), Austria; Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland, (northern Europe) Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom, (southeastern Europe) Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Italy, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, (southwestern Europe) France and Spain. In Asia, it is found in the Caucasus, (within Azerbaijan and Georgia) Russian Federation, (within Amur and Primorye), China, (Xinjiang,[14]) Kazakhstan, Siberia and Turkey.[15]
It has naturalised in the UK, and found in southern and western England, as well as in Scotland and Ireland.[2][6]
Habitat
It is found generally in grasslands,[16] marshy fields, fens and riverbanks.[5][6]
Ecology
It is pollinated mainly by flies and bees, with wind dispersal of the seeds.[2] The larva of the Perizoma sagittata (Marsh Carpet moth) are found on the plant, eating the seeds and the flowers.[4]
Uses
Medicinal
It has been used in folk medicine in the UK, the foliage has been used a purgative.[2]
References
- ^ a b "Thalictrum flavum L. is an accepted name". 23 March 2012. theplantlist.org. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Reader's Digest Field Guide to the Wild Flowers of Britain. Reader's Digest. 1981. p. 383. ISBN 9780276002175.
- ^ "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Peder Skou The Geometroid Moths of North Europe (Lepidoptera: Drepanidae and Geometridae), p. 136, at Google Books
- ^ a b Samuel F. Gray Natural Arrangement of British Plants: According to Their ..., Volume 2 (1821), p. 727, at Google Books
- ^ a b c d "Common Meadow-rue". irishwildflowers.ie. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- ^ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
- ^ The Wild Flower Key British Isles - N W Europe, by Francis Rose, 1991, ISBN 0 7232 2419 6
- ^ Torres, M.A.; Hoffarth, E.; Eugenio, L.; Savtchouk, J.; Chen, X.; Morris, J.S.; Facchini, P.J.; Ng, K.K. (4 November 2016). "Structural and Functional Studies of Pavine N-Methyltransferase from Thalictrum flavum Reveal Novel Insights into Substrate Recognition and Catalytic Mechanism". J Biol Chem. 291 (45): 23403–23415. doi:10.1074/jbc.M116.747261. PMC 5095397. PMID 27573242.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ S.W. Pelletier (Editor) Alkaloids: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Volume 14, p. 48, at Google Books
- ^ "Ranunculaceae Thalictrum flavum L." ipni.org. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- ^ Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. p. 224. ISBN 9781845337315.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Thalictrum flavum subsp. glaucum". Retrieved 5 June 2013.
- ^ a b "FOC Vol. 6 Page 289". efloras.org (Flora of China). Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- ^ a b c "Taxon: Thalictrum flavum L." ars-grin.gov (Germplasm Resources Information Network). Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- ^ John G. Kelcey and Norbert Müller (Editors) Plants and Habitats of European Cities, p. 299, at Google Books
External links
Other sources
- Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource on www.skud.info). 2012 (Kulturvaxtdatabas)
- Botanical Society of the British Isles BSBI taxon database (on-line resource). (BSBI)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. 1959- (F China)
- Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988 (F Turk)
- Euro+Med Editorial Committee Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). (EuroMed Plantbase)
- Greuter, W. et al., eds. Med-Checklist. 1984- (L Medit)
- Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992 (Dict Gard)
- Jalas, J. & J. Suominen Atlas florae europaeae. 1972- (Atlas Eur)
- Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964 (F USSR)