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'''''Pistacia chinensis''''' ({{lang-en|'''Chinese pistache'''}};<ref>{{PLANTS|id=PICH4|taxon=Pistacia chinensis|accessdate=6 October 2015}}</ref> {{zh|c=黄連木|p=huángliánmù}}) is a small to medium-sized [[tree]] in the [[genus]] ''[[Pistacia]]'' in the [[cashew]] family, [[Anacardiaceae]], native to central and western [[China]]. It is [[wikt:hardy|hardy]], can withstand harsh conditions and poor quality [[soil]]s, and grows up to 20 m.<ref name=eFloras>{{cite web|url=http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012703 |title=''Pistacia chinensis'' Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor. 15. 1833 |author=Tianlu Min & Anders Barfod |work=Flora of China |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA |accessdate=14 September 2012}}</ref> The [[leaf|leaves]] are [[deciduous]], alternate, pinnate, 20–25&nbsp;cm long, with 10 or 12 leaflets, the terminal leaflet usually absent. The [[flower]]s are produced in [[panicle]]s 15–20&nbsp;cm long at the ends of the branches; it is [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], with separate male and female plants. The [[fruit]] is a small red [[drupe]], turning blue when ripe, containing a single [[seed]]. This species is planted as a street tree in temperate areas worldwide due to its attractive fruit and autumn foliage.
'''''Pistacia chinensis''''' ({{lang-en|'''Chinese pistache'''}};<ref>{{PLANTS|id=PICH4|taxon=Pistacia chinensis|accessdate=6 October 2015}}</ref> {{zh|c=黄連木|p=huángliánmù}}) is a small to medium-sized [[tree]] in the [[genus]] ''[[Pistacia]]'' in the [[cashew]] family, [[Anacardiaceae]], native to central and western [[China]]. It is [[wikt:hardy|hardy]], can withstand harsh conditions and poor quality [[soil]]s, and grows up to 20 m.<ref name=eFloras>{{cite web|url=http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012703 |title=''Pistacia chinensis'' Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor. 15. 1833 |author=Tianlu Min & Anders Barfod |work=Flora of China |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA |accessdate=14 September 2012}}</ref>
==Description==
The [[leaf|leaves]] are [[deciduous]], alternate, pinnate, 20–25 cm long, with 10 or 12 leaflets, the terminal leaflet usually absent. The [[flower]]s are produced in [[panicle]]s 15–20 cm long at the ends of the branches; it is [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], with separate male and female plants. The [[fruit]] is a small red [[drupe]], turning blue when ripe, containing a single [[seed]]. This species is planted as a street tree in temperate areas worldwide due to its attractive fruit and autumn foliage.

⚫
== Distribution and habitat ==
⚫
Its native range is on hill and mountain forests on rocky soils at 100–3600 m above sea level. It is found in China (except in the north) and [[Taiwan]].<ref name=eFloras/>


== Taxonomy ==
== Taxonomy ==
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Some botanists merge ''[[Pistacia integerrima]]'' into this species as the subspecies ''P. chinensis'' ssp. ''integerrima,'' with the plants considered here then becoming the subspecies ''P. chinensis'' ssp. ''chinensis.''
Some botanists merge ''[[Pistacia integerrima]]'' into this species as the subspecies ''P. chinensis'' ssp. ''integerrima,'' with the plants considered here then becoming the subspecies ''P. chinensis'' ssp. ''chinensis.''

⚫
== Distribution and habitat ==
⚫
Its native range is on hill and mountain forests on rocky soils at 100–3600&nbsp;m above sea level. It is found in China (except in the north) and [[Taiwan]].<ref name=eFloras/>


== Ecology ==
== Ecology ==
Chinese pistache grows best in full sun, being intolerant of shade; it is the most frost-tolerant species of ''[[Pistacia]]'', tolerating temperatures down to about -25&nbsp;°C, yet it is most highly regarded in warm climates. It is planted for its impressive fall colors, which develop at least as far south as [[Orlando, Florida]]. In the low-elevation deserts of [[Arizona]], it is the only tree whose leaves turn scarlet in fall.
Chinese pistache grows best in full sun, being intolerant of shade; it is the most frost-tolerant species of ''[[Pistacia]]'', tolerating temperatures down to about -25 °C, yet it is most highly regarded in warm climates. It is planted for its impressive fall colors, which develop at least as far south as [[Orlando, Florida]]. In the low-elevation deserts of [[Arizona]], it is the only tree whose leaves turn scarlet in fall.


== Uses ==
== Uses ==
Horticulturally, it is a popular choice for street trees in urban settings because it is very drought tolerant and can survive harsh environments. It is also used as an understock for ''[[Pistacia vera]]''.<ref>{{cite web | author=Ketzel Levine | title=Talking Plants: Pistacia_chinensis | url=https://www.npr.org/programs/talkingplants/profiles/pistaciachinensis.html | publisher=NPR| date=2003 | accessdate=2009-11-11}}</ref> In China, the oil from the seeds is used for biodiesel production. The wood is used for production of furniture and yields a yellow dye.<ref name=eFloras/>
Horticulturally, it is a popular choice for street trees in urban settings because it is very drought tolerant and can survive harsh environments. It is also used as an understock for ''[[Pistacia vera]]''.<ref>{{cite web | author=Ketzel Levine | title=Talking Plants: Pistacia_chinensis | url=https://www.npr.org/programs/talkingplants/profiles/pistaciachinensis.html | publisher=NPR| date=2003 | accessdate=2009-11-11}}</ref> In China, the oil from the seeds is used for biodiesel production. The wood is used for production of furniture and yields a yellow dye.<ref name=eFloras/> It is also used in classical [[Chinese garden]] design.


== Culture ==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
It is used in classical [[Chinese garden]] design.
File:Shizutani Scholl Confucius Tree.JPG|A large tree in [[Japan]]
File:Yushima Seido 03.JPG|A tree changing colour with season
File:Pistacia_chinensis_(Anacardiaceae)_(tree).JPG|A tree displaying brilliant green leaves in the warm season.
</gallery>


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 14:20, 3 September 2019

Chinese pistache
Pistacia chinensis with autumn colour
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Anacardiaceae
Genus: Pistacia
Species:
P. chinensis
Binomial name
Pistacia chinensis
Synonyms[1]
  • Pistacia formosana Matsum.
  • Pistacia integerrima J. L. Stewart ex Brandis
  • Pistacia philippinensis Merr. & Rolfe
  • Rhus argyi H. Lév.
  • Rhus gummifera H. Lév.

Pistacia chinensis (English: Chinese pistache;[2] Chinese: 黄連木; pinyin: huángliánmù) is a small to medium-sized tree in the genus Pistacia in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae, native to central and western China. It is hardy, can withstand harsh conditions and poor quality soils, and grows up to 20 m.[3]

Description

The leaves are deciduous, alternate, pinnate, 20–25 cm long, with 10 or 12 leaflets, the terminal leaflet usually absent. The flowers are produced in panicles 15–20 cm long at the ends of the branches; it is dioecious, with separate male and female plants. The fruit is a small red drupe, turning blue when ripe, containing a single seed. This species is planted as a street tree in temperate areas worldwide due to its attractive fruit and autumn foliage.

Distribution and habitat

Its native range is on hill and mountain forests on rocky soils at 100–3600 m above sea level. It is found in China (except in the north) and Taiwan.[3]

Taxonomy

Synonyms include: Pistacia formosana Matsumura; P. philippinensis Merrill & Rolfe; Rhus argyi H. Léveillé; R. gummifera H. Léveillé.[3]

Some botanists merge Pistacia integerrima into this species as the subspecies P. chinensis ssp. integerrima, with the plants considered here then becoming the subspecies P. chinensis ssp. chinensis.

Ecology

Chinese pistache grows best in full sun, being intolerant of shade; it is the most frost-tolerant species of Pistacia, tolerating temperatures down to about -25 °C, yet it is most highly regarded in warm climates. It is planted for its impressive fall colors, which develop at least as far south as Orlando, Florida. In the low-elevation deserts of Arizona, it is the only tree whose leaves turn scarlet in fall.

Uses

Horticulturally, it is a popular choice for street trees in urban settings because it is very drought tolerant and can survive harsh environments. It is also used as an understock for Pistacia vera.[4] In China, the oil from the seeds is used for biodiesel production. The wood is used for production of furniture and yields a yellow dye.[3] It is also used in classical Chinese garden design.

  • A large tree in Japan
    A large tree in Japan
  • A tree changing colour with season
    A tree changing colour with season
  • A tree displaying brilliant green leaves in the warm season.
    A tree displaying brilliant green leaves in the warm season.

References

Wikispecies has information related to Pistacia chinensis.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pistacia chinensis.
  1. ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  2. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "​Pistacia chinensis​". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d Tianlu Min & Anders Barfod. "Pistacia chinensis Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor. 15. 1833". Flora of China. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
  4. ^ Ketzel Levine (2003). "Talking Plants: Pistacia_chinensis". NPR. Retrieved 2009-11-11.

Further reading

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pistacia_chinensis&oldid=913834591"